Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
April-2017 Volume 39 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2017 Volume 39 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice

  • Authors:
    • Kazuhiro Nakano
    • Sen Takeshita
    • Noriko Kawasaki
    • Wataru Miyanaga
    • Yoriko Okamatsu
    • Mizuki Dohi
    • Tadakiyo Nakagawa
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Innovation Promotion Department, Research Institute, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-868, Japan, Nutrition and Health Science Group Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan, Business Development Department, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0042, Japan, Novel Projects Research Group, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan, Intellectual Property Department, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0042, Japan
    Copyright: © Nakano et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 841-850
    |
    Published online on: March 7, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2909
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Impaired glycogen synthesis and turnover are common in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. As glycogen synthase (GS) is a key enzyme involved in the synthetic process, it presents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we identified a novel, potent and orally available GS activator AJS1669 {sodium 2-[[5-[[4-(4,5-difluoro-2-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)phenoxy] methyl]furan-2-carbonyl]-(2-furylmethyl)amino] acetate}. In vitro, we performed a glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) activation assay for screening GS activators and identified that the activity of AJS1669 was further potentiated in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). In vivo, we used ob/ob mice to evaluate the novel anti-diabetic effects of AJS1669 by measuring basal blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance and body fat mass index. Repeated administration of AJS1669 over 4 weeks reduced blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in ob/ob mice. AJS1669 also improved glucose tolerance in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased body fat mass. The mRNA levels of genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis were elevated in skeletal muscle tissue following AJS1669 treatment. Hepatic tissue of treated mice also exhibited elevated expression of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation. In contrast to ob/ob mice, in C57Bl/6 mice AJS1669 administration did not alter body weight or reduce glucose levels. These results demonstrate that pharmacological agents that activate GYS1, the main GS subtype found in skeletal muscle, have potential for use as novel treatments for diabetes that improve glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Shaw JE, Sicree RA and Zimmet PZ: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 87:4–14. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Raskin P: Why insulin sensitizers but not secretagogues should be retained when initiating insulin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 24:3–13. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Damsbo P, Vaag A, Hother-Nielsen O and Beck-Nielsen H: Reduced glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscle from obese patients with and without type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 34:239–245. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Schalin-Jäntti C, Härkonen M and Groop LC: Impaired activation of glycogen synthase in people at increased risk for developing NIDDM. Diabetes. 41:598–604. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Shulman GI, Rothman DL, Jue T, Stein P, DeFronzo RA and Shulman RG: Quantitation of muscle glycogen synthesis in normal subjects and subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. N Engl J Med. 322:223–228. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Gaster M, Petersen I, Højlund K, Poulsen P and Beck-Nielsen H: The diabetic phenotype is conserved in myotubes established from diabetic subjects: Evidence for primary defects in glucose transport and glycogen synthase activity. Diabetes. 51:921–927. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Henry RR, Ciaraldi TP, Abrams-Carter L, Mudaliar S, Park KS and Nikoulina SE: Glycogen synthase activity is reduced in cultured skeletal muscle cells of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms. J Clin Invest. 98:1231–1236. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Goodpaster BH, Katsiaras A and Kelley DE: Enhanced fat oxidation through physical activity is associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity in obesity. Diabetes. 52:2191–2197. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Nordby P, Auerbach PL, Rosenkilde M, Kristiansen L, Thomasen JR, Rygaard L, Groth R, Brandt N, Helge JW, Richter EA, et al: Endurance training per se increases metabolic health in young, moderately overweight men. Obesity (Silver Spring). 20:2202–2212. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Ross R, Dagnone D, Jones PJ, Smith H, Paddags A, Hudson R and Janssen I: Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in men. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 133:92–103. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Jensen J, Tantiwong P, Stuenæs JT, Molina-Carrion M, DeFronzo RA, Sakamoto K and Musi N: Effect of acute exercise on glycogen synthase in muscle from obese and diabetic subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 303:E82–E89. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Manabe Y, Gollisch KS, Holton L, Kim YB, Brandauer J, Fujii L, Hirshman MF and Goodyear LJ: Exercise training-induced adaptations associated with increases in skeletal muscle glycogen content. FEBS J. 280:916–926. 2013.

13 

Ryan AS, Ortmeyer HK and Sorkin JD: Exercise with calorie restriction improves insulin sensitivity and glycogen synthase activity in obese postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 302:E145–E152. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

14 

Abdul-Ghani MA and DeFronzo RA: Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010:4762792010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Roach PJ, Depaoli-Roach AA, Hurley TD and Tagliabracci VS: Glycogen and its metabolism: Some new developments and old themes. Biochem J. 441:763–787. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Browner MF, Nakano K, Bang AG and Fletterick RJ: Human muscle glycogen synthase cDNA sequence: A negatively charged protein with an asymmetric charge distribution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86:1443–1447. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Bai G and Lee EY: Primary structure of human liver glycogen synthase deduced by cDNA cloning. Arch Biochem Biophys. 311:443–449. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Bolin D, Ahmad M, Banner B, Boros LG, Cai J, Gillespie P, Goodnow R, Gubler ML, Hamilton MM, Hayden S, et al: A novel approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D): characterization of a potent, orally active, small molecule glycogen synthase activator. Presented at 70th ADA Scientific Sessions; Abstract 1389-P. 2010

19 

Qian Y, Bolin D, Conde-Knape K, Gillespie P, Hayden S, Huang KS, Olivier AR, Sato T, Xiang Q, Yun W, et al: Design and synthesis of 2-N-substituted indazolone derivatives as non-carboxylic acid glycogen synthase activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 23:2936–2940. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Danforth WH: Glycogen synthetase activity in skeletal muscle. Interconversion of two forms and control of glycogen synthesis. J Biol Chem. 240:588–593. 1965.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Berger J and Hayes NS: A high-capacity assay for activators of glucose incorporation into glycogen in L6 muscle cells. Anal Biochem. 261:159–163. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Thomas JA, Schlender KK and Larner J: A rapid filter paper assay for UDPglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase, including an improved biosynthesis of UDP-14C-glucose. Anal Biochem. 25:486–499. 1968. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Nixon JP, Zhang M, Wang C, Kuskowski MA, Novak CM, Levine JA, Billington CJ and Kotz CM: Evaluation of a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging system for whole body composition analysis in rodents. Obesity (Silver Spring). 18:1652–1659. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Dimopoulos N, Watson M, Green C and Hundal HS: The PPARdelta agonist, GW501516, promotes fatty acid oxidation but has no direct effect on glucose utilisation or insulin sensitivity in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells. FEBS Lett. 581:4743–4748. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Sugiyama Y, Taketomi S, Shimura Y, Ikeda H and Fujita T: Effects of pioglitazone on glucose and lipid metabolism in Wistar fatty rats. Arzneimittelforschung. 40:263–267. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

26 

St Jean DJ Jr and Fotsch C: Mitigating heterocycle metabolism in drug discovery. J Med Chem. 55:6002–6020. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Jensen J, Rustad PI, Kolnes AJ and Lai YC: The role of skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown for regulation of insulin sensitivity by exercise. Front Physiol. 2:1122011. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Egan B and Zierath JR: Exercise metabolism and the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation. Cell Metab. 17:162–184. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Izumida Y, Yahagi N, Takeuchi Y, Nishi M, Shikama A, Takarada A, Masuda Y, Kubota M, Matsuzaka T, Nakagawa Y, et al: Glycogen shortage during fasting triggers liver-brain-adipose neurocircuitry to facilitate fat utilization. Nat Commun. 4:23162013.PubMed/NCBI

30 

López-Soldado I, Zafra D, Duran J, Adrover A, Calbó J and Guinovart JJ: Liver glycogen reduces food intake and attenuates obesity in a high-fat diet-fed mouse model. Diabetes. 64:796–807. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Kasuga M, Ogawa W and Ohara T: Tissue glycogen content and glucose intolerance. J Clin Invest. 111:1282–1284. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Clarys JP, Martin AD, Marfell-Jones MJ, Janssens V, Caboor D and Drinkwater DT: Human body composition: A review of adult dissection data. Am J Hum Biol. 11:167–174. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Ivy JL: Role of carbohydrate in physical activity. Clin Sports Med. 18:469–484. v1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kelley DE, He J, Menshikova EV and Ritov VB: Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 51:2944–2950. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Simoneau JA, Veerkamp JH, Turcotte LP and Kelley DE: Markers of capacity to utilize fatty acids in human skeletal muscle: Relation to insulin resistance and obesity and effects of weight loss. FASEB J. 13:2051–2060. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Mootha VK, Lindgren CM, Eriksson KF, Subramanian A, Sihag S, Lehar J, Puigserver P, Carlsson E, Ridderstråle M, Laurila E, et al: PGC-1alpha-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes. Nat Genet. 34:267–273. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Patti ME, Butte AJ, Crunkhorn S, Cusi K, Berria R, Kashyap S, Miyazaki Y, Kohane I, Costello M, Saccone R, et al: Coordinated reduction of genes of oxidative metabolism in humans with insulin resistance and diabetes: Potential role of GC1 and NRF1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:8466–8471. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Toledo FG, Watkins S and Kelley DE: Changes induced by physical activity and weight loss in the morphology of inter-myofibrillar mitochondria in obese men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91:3224–3227. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Toledo FG, Menshikova EV, Ritov VB, Azuma K, Radikova Z, DeLany J and Kelley DE: Effects of physical activity and weight loss on skeletal muscle mitochondria and relationship with glucose control in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 56:2142–2147. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Nakano K, Takeshita S, Kawasaki N, Miyanaga W, Okamatsu Y, Dohi M and Nakagawa T: AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice. Int J Mol Med 39: 841-850, 2017.
APA
Nakano, K., Takeshita, S., Kawasaki, N., Miyanaga, W., Okamatsu, Y., Dohi, M., & Nakagawa, T. (2017). AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 39, 841-850. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2909
MLA
Nakano, K., Takeshita, S., Kawasaki, N., Miyanaga, W., Okamatsu, Y., Dohi, M., Nakagawa, T."AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 39.4 (2017): 841-850.
Chicago
Nakano, K., Takeshita, S., Kawasaki, N., Miyanaga, W., Okamatsu, Y., Dohi, M., Nakagawa, T."AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 39, no. 4 (2017): 841-850. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2909
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Nakano K, Takeshita S, Kawasaki N, Miyanaga W, Okamatsu Y, Dohi M and Nakagawa T: AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice. Int J Mol Med 39: 841-850, 2017.
APA
Nakano, K., Takeshita, S., Kawasaki, N., Miyanaga, W., Okamatsu, Y., Dohi, M., & Nakagawa, T. (2017). AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 39, 841-850. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2909
MLA
Nakano, K., Takeshita, S., Kawasaki, N., Miyanaga, W., Okamatsu, Y., Dohi, M., Nakagawa, T."AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 39.4 (2017): 841-850.
Chicago
Nakano, K., Takeshita, S., Kawasaki, N., Miyanaga, W., Okamatsu, Y., Dohi, M., Nakagawa, T."AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 39, no. 4 (2017): 841-850. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2909
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team