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Article Open Access

Bisphosphonate inhibits the expression of cyclin A2 at the transcriptional level in normal human oral keratinocytes

  • Authors:
    • Rachel S. Lee
    • Suhjin Sohn
    • Ki-Hyuk Shin
    • Mo K. Kang
    • No-Hee Park
    • Reuben H. Kim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
    Copyright: © Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 623-630
    |
    Published online on: July 12, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3066
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Abstract

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are the most widely used anti-resorptive agents in the treatment of bone-related diseases. N-BPs inhibit bone resorption by specifically targeting osteoclasts, bone-resorbing cells. However, soft tissue toxicity, such as oral or gastrointestinal (GI) ulcerations has frequently been reported in N-BP users, suggesting that N-BPs may also directly target cells other than osteoclasts. Previously, we reported that BPs inhibit proliferation without inducing the apoptosis of normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs). However, the molecular mechanisms through which N-BPs inhibit the proliferation of NHOKs are not yet fully understood. In this study, we performed gene expression profiling in N-BP-treated NHOKs and identified cyclin A2 as one of the most commonly downregulated genes. When the NHOKs were treated with N-BPs, we found that the level of cyclin A2 was suppressed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the protein level of cyclin A2 was also significantly lower in oral epithelial cells in N-BP-treated oral mucosal tissue constructs. Cyclin A2 promoter reporter assay revealed that N-BPs inhibited the luciferase activity, indicating that the inhibition of cyclin A2 expression occurs at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, N-BPs did not alter the expression of cyclin A2 in normal human oral fibroblasts (NHOFs), suggesting that the effect of N-BPs on cyclin A2 expression may be cell-type specific. Thus, the findings of our study demonstrate that the inhibition of NHOK proliferation by N-BPs is mediated, at least in part, by the suppression of cyclin A2 expression at the transcriptional level, which may explain the underlying mechanisms of soft tissue toxicity by N-BPs.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lee RS, Sohn S, Shin K, Kang MK, Park N and Kim RH: Bisphosphonate inhibits the expression of cyclin A2 at the transcriptional level in normal human oral keratinocytes. Int J Mol Med 40: 623-630, 2017.
APA
Lee, R.S., Sohn, S., Shin, K., Kang, M.K., Park, N., & Kim, R.H. (2017). Bisphosphonate inhibits the expression of cyclin A2 at the transcriptional level in normal human oral keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40, 623-630. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3066
MLA
Lee, R. S., Sohn, S., Shin, K., Kang, M. K., Park, N., Kim, R. H."Bisphosphonate inhibits the expression of cyclin A2 at the transcriptional level in normal human oral keratinocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40.3 (2017): 623-630.
Chicago
Lee, R. S., Sohn, S., Shin, K., Kang, M. K., Park, N., Kim, R. H."Bisphosphonate inhibits the expression of cyclin A2 at the transcriptional level in normal human oral keratinocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 3 (2017): 623-630. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3066
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lee RS, Sohn S, Shin K, Kang MK, Park N and Kim RH: Bisphosphonate inhibits the expression of cyclin A2 at the transcriptional level in normal human oral keratinocytes. Int J Mol Med 40: 623-630, 2017.
APA
Lee, R.S., Sohn, S., Shin, K., Kang, M.K., Park, N., & Kim, R.H. (2017). Bisphosphonate inhibits the expression of cyclin A2 at the transcriptional level in normal human oral keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40, 623-630. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3066
MLA
Lee, R. S., Sohn, S., Shin, K., Kang, M. K., Park, N., Kim, R. H."Bisphosphonate inhibits the expression of cyclin A2 at the transcriptional level in normal human oral keratinocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40.3 (2017): 623-630.
Chicago
Lee, R. S., Sohn, S., Shin, K., Kang, M. K., Park, N., Kim, R. H."Bisphosphonate inhibits the expression of cyclin A2 at the transcriptional level in normal human oral keratinocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 3 (2017): 623-630. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3066
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