Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 41 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 41 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats

  • Authors:
    • Xueting Li
    • Jia Yu
    • Yanping Wu
    • Baixiang Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China, Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
  • Pages: 421-429
    |
    Published online on: October 20, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3202
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The herbicide simazine is widely used in agricultural and non-agricultural fields. Studies have shown that simazine inhibits the proliferation of dopaminergic cells and affects the developmental differentiation of dopamine neurons. However, little is known about the effects of simazine on dopaminergic metabolism. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of simazine on Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats from weaning to puberty (40 days exposure). Simazine was administered orally to SD rats at doses of 0, 12.5, 50 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The contents of dopamine (DA), levodopa, dihydroxy-phenyl-acetic acid and homovanillic acid in the striatum were then examined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), tyrosine hydroxylase, orphan nuclear hormone (Nurr1), dopamine transporter (DAT), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). The results indicated that simazine influenced the synthesis, transport and metabolism of DA and led to a reduction of DA levels in the striatum. One potential underlying mechanism is decreased levels of Nurr1, DAT and VMAT2 impacting upon the transport of DA; another is the decreased level of AADC and increased levels of MAO and COMT impacting upon the synthesis and metabolism of DA. These factors may eventually lead to neurological disorders of the dopaminergic system.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Elbashir AA and Aboul-Enein HY: Separation and analysis of triazine herbcide residues by capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr. 29:835–842. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Silva M and Iyer P: Toxicity endpoint selections for a simazine risk assessment. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 101:308–324. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Salvestrini S, Canzano S, Iovino P, Leone V and Capasso S: Modelling the biphasic sorption of simazine, imidacloprid, and boscalid in water/soil systems. J Environ Sci Health B. 49:578–590. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Brevini TA, Zanetto SB and Cillo F: Effects of endocrine disruptors on developmental and reproductive functions. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord. 5:1–10. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Sannino F, Marocco A, Garrone E, Esposito S and Pansini M: Adsorption of simazine on zeolite H-Y and sol-gel technique manufactured porous silica: a comparative study in model and natural waters. J Environ Sci Health B. 50:777–787. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Wan R, Yang Y, Sun W, Wang Z and Xie S: Simazine biodegradation and community structures of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in bioaugmented soil: impact of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen sources. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 21:3175–3181. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Wan R, Wang Z and Xie S: Dynamics of communities of bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in response to simazine attenuation in agricultural soil. Sci Total Environ. 472:502–508. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Velisek J, Stara A, Machova J, Dvorak P, Zuskova E and Svobodova Z: Effects of low-concentrations of simazine on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 33(Suppl 3): 90–95. 2012.

9 

Park S, Kim S, Jin H, Lee K and Bae J: Impaired development of female mouse offspring maternally exposed to simazine. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 38:845–851. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Zorrilla LM, Gibson EK and Stoker TE: The effects of simazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, on pubertal development in the female Wistar rat. Reprod Toxicol. 29:393–400. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Bogdanffy MS, O'Connor JC, Hansen JF, Gaddamidi V, Van Pelt CS, Green JW and Cook JC: Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity bioassay in rats with the chloro-s-triazine herbicide cyanazine. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 60:567–586. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kim KR, Son EW, Hee-Um S, Kim BO, Rhee DK and Pyo S: Immune alterations in mice exposed to the herbicide simazine. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 66:1159–1173. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kim KR, Son EW, Rhee DK and Pyo S: The immunomodulatory effects of the herbicide simazine on murine macrophage functions in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 16:517–523. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Ren R, Sun DJ, Yan H, Wu YP and Zhang Y: Oral exposure to the herbicide simazine induces mouse spleen immunotoxicity and immune cell apoptosis. Toxicol Pathol. 41:63–72. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Sai L, Liu Y, Qu B, Yu G, Guo Q, Bo C, Xie L, Jia Q, Li Y, Li X, et al: The effects of simazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, on the expression of genes in developing male Xenopus laevis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 95:157–163. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Yu J, Li X, Yang J, Wu Y and Li B: Effects of simazine exposure on neuronal development-related factors in MN9D cells. Med Sci Monit. 22:2831–2838. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Yamaguchi Y, Lee YA and Goto Y: Dopamine in socioecological and evolutionary perspectives: implications for psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci. 9:2192015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Krabbe S, Duda J, Schiemann J, Poetschke C, Schneider G, Kandel ER, Liss B, Roeper J and Simpson EH: Increased dopamine D2 receptor activity in the striatum alters the firing pattern of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 112:E1498–E1506. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Chastain LG, Qu H, Bourke CH, Iuvone PM, Dobner PR, Nemeroff CB and Kinkead B: Striatal dopamine receptor plasticity in neurotensin deficient mice. Behav Brain Res. 280:160–171. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

20 

Yuan JS, Reed A, Chen F and Stewart CN Jr: Statistical analysis of real-time PCR data. BMC Bioinformatics. 7:852006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ojha S, Javed H, Azimullah S, Abul Khair SB and Haque ME: Neuroprotective potential of ferulic acid in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Drug Des Devel Ther. 9:5499–5510. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Tsai EM, Wang YC, Lee TT, Tsai CF, Chen HS, Lai FJ, Yokoyama KK, Hsieh TH, Wu RM and Lee JN: Dynamic Trk and G protein signalings regulate dopaminergic neurodifferentiation in human trophoblast stem cells. PLoS One. 10:e01438522015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kitao Y, Ageta-Ishihara N, Takahashi R, Kinoshita M and Hori O: Transgenic supplementation of SIRT1 fails to alleviate acute loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and gliosis in a mouse model of MPTP-induced parkinsonism. F1000Res. 4:1302015.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Gomes FV, Guimarães FS and Grace AA: Effects of pubertal cannabinoid administration on attentional set-shifting and dopaminergic hyper-responsivity in a developmental disruption model of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 18:2014.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Koblinger K, Füzesi T, Ejdrygiewicz J, Krajacic A, Bains JS and Whelan PJ: Characterization of A11 neurons projecting to the spinal cord of mice. PloS One. 9:e1096362014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Del Pino J, Moyano P, Ruiz M, Anadón MJ, Diaz MJ, García JM, Labajo-González E and Frejo MT: Amitraz changes NE, DA and 5-HT biosynthesis and metabolism mediated by alterations in estradiol content in CNS of male rats. Chemosphere. 181:518–529. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Maasz G, Zrinyi Z, Reglodi D, Petrovics D, Rivnyak A, Kiss T, Jungling A, Tamas A and Pirger Z: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has a neuroprotective function in dopamine-based neurodegeneration in rat and snail parkinsonian models. Dis Model Mech. 10:127–139. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Zhang M: Two-step production of monoamines in monoenzymatic cells in the spinal cord: a different control strategy of neurotransmitter supply? Neural Regen Res. 11:1904–1909. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Keber U, Klietz M, Carlsson T, Oertel WH, Weihe E, Schäfer MK, Höglinger GU and Depboylu C: Striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons are associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian mice. Neuroscience. 298:302–317. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Sathiakumar N, MacLennan PA, Mandel J and Delzell E: A review of epidemiologic studies of triazine herbicides and cancer. Crit Rev Toxicol. 41(Suppl 1): 1–34. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Li Y, Sun Y, Yang J, Wu Y, Yu J and Li B: The long-term effects of the herbicide atrazine on the dopaminergic system following exposure during pubertal development. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 763:23–29. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Rodríguez-Traver E, Solís O, Díaz-Guerra E, Ortiz Ó, Vergaño-Vera E, Méndez-Gómez HR, García-Sanz P, Moratalla R and Vicario-Abejón C: Role of Nurr1 in the generation and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons from stem cells. Neurotox Res. 30:14–31. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Hammond SL, Safe S and Tjalkens RB: A novel synthetic activator of Nurr1 induces dopaminergic gene expression and protects against 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity in vitro. Neurosci Lett. 607:83–89. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Smidt MP, Smits SM and Burbach JP: Molecular mechanisms underlying midbrain dopamine neuron development and function. Eur J Pharmacol. 480:75–88. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Decressac M, Volakakis N, Björklund A and Perlmann T: NURR1 in Parkinson disease - from pathogenesis to therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Neurol. 9:629–636. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Hwang DY, Hong S, Jeong JW, Choi S, Kim H, Kim J and Kim KS: Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and dopamine transporter are molecular targets of Pitx3 in the ventral midbrain dopamine neurons. J Neurochem. 111:1202–1212. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Jiang C, Wan X, He Y, Pan T, Jankovic J and Le W: Age-dependent dopaminergic dysfunction in Nurr1 knockout mice. Exp Neurol. 191:154–162. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Semchuk KM, Love EJ and Lee RG: Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals. Neurology. 42:1328–1335. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Priyadarshi A, Khuder SA, Schaub EA and Shrivastava S: A meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease and exposure to pesticides. Neurotoxicology. 21:435–440. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Sun Y, Li YS, Yang JW, Yu J, Wu YP and Li BX: Exposure to atrazine during gestation and lactation periods: toxicity effects on dopaminergic neurons in offspring by downregulation of Nurr1 and VMAT2. Int J Mol Sci. 15:2811–2825. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Hermanson E, Joseph B, Castro D, Lindqvist E, Aarnisalo P, Wallén A, Benoit G, Hengerer B, Olson L and Perlmann T: Nurr1 regulates dopamine synthesis and storage in MN9D dopamine cells. Exp Cell Res. 288:324–334. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Smits SM, Ponnio T, Conneely OM, Burbach JP and Smidt MP: Involvement of Nurr1 in specifying the neurotransmitter identity of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 18:1731–1738. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Miller GW, Erickson JD, Perez JT, Penland SN, Mash DC, Rye DB and Levey AI: Immunochemical analysis of vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) protein in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 156:138–148. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Lu W and Wolf ME: Expression of dopamine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 mRNAs in rat midbrain after repeated amphetamine administration. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 49:137–148. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Fornai F, Battaglia G, Gesi M, Giorgi FS, Orzi F, Nicoletti F and Ruggieri S: Time-course and dose-response study on the effects of chronic L-DOPA administration on striatal dopamine levels and dopamine transporter following MPTP toxicity. Brain Res. 887:110–117. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Miller GW, Staley JK, Heilman CJ, Perez JT, Mash DC, Rye DB and Levey AI: Immunochemical analysis of dopamine transporter protein in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 41:530–539. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Jaakkola E, Joutsa J and Kaasinen V: Predictors of normal and abnormal outcome in clinical brain dopamine transporter imaging. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 123:205–209. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Choi WS, Kim HW and Xia Z: JNK inhibition of VMAT2 contributes to rotenone-induced oxidative stress and dopamine neuron death. Toxicology. 328:75–81. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

49 

Lohr KM and Miller GW: VMAT2 and Parkinson's disease: harnessing the dopamine vesicle. Expert Rev Neurother. 14:1115–1117. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Hall FS, Itokawa K, Schmitt A, Moessner R, Sora I, Lesch KP and Uhl GR: Decreased vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) function in knockout mice affects aging of dopaminergic systems. Neuropharmacology. 76(Pt A): 146–155. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Caronti B, Antonini G, Calderaro C, Ruggieri S, Palladini G, Pontieri FE and Colosimo C: Dopamine transporter immunore-activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm Vienna. 108:803–807. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Helman G, Pappa MB and Pearl PL: Widening phenotypic spectrum of AADC deficiency, a disorder of dopamine and serotonin synthesis. JIMD Rep. 17:23–27. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Helman G, Pappa MB and Pearl PL: Erratum to: widening phenotypic spectrum of AADC deficiency, a disorder of dopamine and serotonin synthesis. JIMD Rep. 17:972014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Hwu WL, Lee NC, Chien YH, Muramatsu S and Ichinose H: AADC deficiency: occurring in humans, modeled in rodents. Adv Pharmacol. 68:273–284. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Shih DF, Hsiao CD, Min MY, Lai WS, Yang CW, Lee WT and Lee SJ: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is crucial for brain development and motor functions. PLoS One. 8:e717412013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Duan CL, Su Y, Zhao CL, Lu LL, Xu QY and Yang H: The assays of activities and function of TH, AADC, and GCH1 and their potential use in ex vivo gene therapy of PD. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 16:37–43. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Witte AV and Flöel A: Effects of COMT polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in health and disease. Brain Res Bull. 88:418–428. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Twamley EW, Hua JP, Burton CZ, Vella L, Chinh K, Bilder RM and Kelsoe JR: Effects of COMT genotype on cognitive ability and functional capacity in individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 159:114–117. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

van Amelsvoort T, Zinkstok J, Figee M, Daly E, Morris R, Owen MJ, Murphy KC, De Haan L, Linszen DH, Glaser B, et al: Effects of a functional COMT polymorphism on brain anatomy and cognitive function in adults with velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Psychol Med. 38:89–100. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Dorszewska J, Prendecki M, Oczkowska A, Rozycka A, Lianeri M and Kozubski W: Polymorphism of the COMT, MAO, DAT, NET and 5-HTT genes, and biogenic amines in Parkinson's disease. Curr Genomics. 14:518–533. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li X, Yu J, Wu Y and Li B: Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats. Int J Mol Med 41: 421-429, 2018.
APA
Li, X., Yu, J., Wu, Y., & Li, B. (2018). Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 421-429. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3202
MLA
Li, X., Yu, J., Wu, Y., Li, B."Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.1 (2018): 421-429.
Chicago
Li, X., Yu, J., Wu, Y., Li, B."Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 1 (2018): 421-429. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3202
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li X, Yu J, Wu Y and Li B: Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats. Int J Mol Med 41: 421-429, 2018.
APA
Li, X., Yu, J., Wu, Y., & Li, B. (2018). Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 421-429. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3202
MLA
Li, X., Yu, J., Wu, Y., Li, B."Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.1 (2018): 421-429.
Chicago
Li, X., Yu, J., Wu, Y., Li, B."Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 1 (2018): 421-429. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3202
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team