Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 41 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 41 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells

  • Authors:
    • Meiling Jin
    • Sun Young Park
    • Qian Shen
    • Yihong Lai
    • Xingmei Ou
    • Zhuo Mao
    • Dongxu Lin
    • Yangyang Yu
    • Weizhen Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China, Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 521-530
    |
    Published online on: October 27, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3217
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Curcumin is the main curcuminoid present in Curcuma longa and it has been previously reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of curcumin on the inflammatory mediators released by Pam3CSK4-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells were investigated. The production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), were measured by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of inflammatory genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, were further investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of curcumin on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting. The results revealed that curcumin dose-dependently inhibited Pam3CSK4-induced nitric oxide, PGE2, and TNF-α secretion. Curcumin suppressed the secretion of inflammatory mediators through an increase in the expression of HO-1. Curcumin induced HO-1 transcription and translation through the Nrf2/antioxidant response element signaling pathway. Inhibitory experiments revealed that HO-1 was required for the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that curcumin inhibited neuroinflammation by suppressing NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in Pam3CSK4-activated microglial cells. The results of the present study suggest that curcumin may be a novel treatment for neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disorders.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Spangenberg EE and Green KN: Inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Lessons learned from microglia-depletion models. Brain Behav Immun. 61:1–11. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

De Hoz R, Salobrar-Garcia E, Salazar JJ, Roias B, Ajoy D, Lopez-Cuenca I, Rojas P, Trivino A and Ramierz JM: The role of microglial in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson, and glaucoma. Front Aging Neurosci. 9:2142017. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Larochelle A, Bellavance MA and Rivest S: Role of adaptor protein MyD88 in TLR-mediated preconditioning and neuro-protection after acute excitotoxicity. Brain Behav Immun. 46:221–231. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Tang Y and Le W: Differential role of M1 and M2 microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol. 53:1181–1194. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Nakagawa Y and Chiba K: Diversity and plasticity of microglial cells in psychiatric and neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther. 154:21–35. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Kaur CG, Rathnasamy and Ling EA: Biology of microglial in the developing Brain. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 76:736–753. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Moss DW and Bates TE: Activation of murine microglial cell lines by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma causes NO-mediated decreases in mitochondrial and cellular function. Eur J Neurosci. 13:529–538. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Rangarajan P, Karthikeyan A and Dheen ST: Role of dietary phenols in mitigating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Neuromolecular Med. 18:453–464. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Acharyya S, Villalta SA, Bakkar N, Bupha-Intr T, Janssen PM, Carathers M, Li ZW, Beg AA, Ghosh S, Sahenk Z, et al: Interplay of IKK/NF-kappaB signaling in macrophages and myofibers promotes muscle degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Clin Invest. 117:889–901. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Sweeney SE and Firestein GS: Signal transduction in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 16:231–237. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Jangra A, Kwatra M, Singh T, Pant R, Kushwah P, Ahmed S, Dwivedi D, Saroha B and Lahkar M: Edaravone alleviates cisplatin-induced neurobehavioral deficits via modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in the rat hippo-campus. Eur J Pharmacol. 791:51–61. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Koh K and Kim J, Jang YJ, Yoon K, Cha Y, Lee HJ and Kim J: Transcription factor Nrf2 suppresses LPS-induced hyperactivation of BV-2 microglial cells. J Neuroimmunol. 233:160–167. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Talalay P: Chemoprotection against cancer by induction of phase 2 enzymes. Biofactors. 12:5–11. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Zhang J, Fu B, Zhang X, Zhang L, Bai X, Zhao X, Chen L, Cui L, Zhu C, Wang L, et al: Bicyclol upregulates transcription factor Nrf2, HO-1 expression and protects rat brains against focal ischemia. Brain Res Bull. 100:38–43. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Innamorato NG, Rojo AI, García-Yagüe AJ, Yamamoto M, de Ceballos ML and Cuadrado A: The transcription factor Nrf2 is a therapeutic target against brain inflammation. J Immunol. 181:680–689. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Parada E, Buendia I, Navarro E, Avendaño C, Egea J and López MG: Microglial HO-1 induction by curcumin provides antioxidant, antineuroinflammatory, and glioprotective effects. Mol Nutr Food Res. 59:1690–1700. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Kunnumakkara AB, Bordoloi D, Padmavathi G, Monisha J, Roy NK, Prasad S and Aggarwal BB: Curcumin, the golden nutraceutical: Multitargeting for multiple chronic diseases. Br J Pharmacol. 174:1325–1348. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Tsai YM, Chien CF, Lin LC and Tsai TH: Curcumin and its nano-formulation: The kinetics of tissue distribution and blood-brain barrier penetration. Int J Pharm. 416:331–338. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Garcia-Alloza M, Borrelli LA, Rozkalne A, Hyman BT and Bacskai: Curcumin labels amyloid pathology in vivo, disrupts existing plaques, and partially restores distorted neurites in an Alzheimer mouse model. J Neurochem. 102:1095–1104. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Prakobwong S, Khoontawad J, Yongvanit P, Pairojkul C, Hiraku Y, Sithithaworn P, Pinlaor P, Aggarwal BB and Pinlaor S: Curcumin decreases cholangiocarcinogenesis in hamsters by suppressing inflammation-mediated molecular events related to multistep carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer. 129:88–100. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Zhou J, Miao H, Li X, Hu Y, Sun H and Hou Y: Curcumin inhibits placental inflammation to ameliorate LPS-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice via upregulation of phosphorylated Akt. Inflamm Res. 66:177–185. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Zhou D, Huang C, Lin Z, Zhan S, Kong L, Fang C and Li J: Macrophage polarization and function with emphasis on the evolving roles of coordinated regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Cell Signal. 26:192–197. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Jung JS, Choi MJ, Lee YY, Moon BI, Park JS and Kim HS: Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by Morin via MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and PKA/HO-1 signaling pathway modulation. J Agric Food Chem. 65:373–382. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Brown GC: Nitric oxide and neuronal death. Nitric Oxide. 23:153–165. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Dzamko N, Gysbers A, Perera G, Bahar A, Shankar A, Gao J, Fu Y and Halliday GM: Toll-like receptor 2 is increased in neurons in Parkinson's disease brain and may contribute to alpha-synuclein pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 133:303–319. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Fallarino F, Gargaro M, Mondanell G, Downer EJ, Hossain MJ and Gran B: Delineating the role of Toll-like receptors in the neuro-inflammation model EAE. Methods Mol Biol. 1390:383–411. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Hossain MJ, Tanasescu R and Gran B: Innate immune regulation of autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis: Focus on the role of Toll-like receptor 2. J Neuroimmunol. 304:11–20. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Jin S, Kim JG, Park JW, Koch M, Horvath TL and Lee BJ: Hypothalamic TLR2 triggers sickness behavior via a microglia-neuronal axis. Sci Rep. 6:294242016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Geloso MC, Corvino V, Marchese E, Serrano A, Michetti F and D' Ambrosi N: The dual role of microglia in ALS: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Front Aging Neurosci. 9:2422017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Xia Q, Hu Q, Wang H, Yang H, Gao F, Ren H, Chen D, Fu C, Zheng L, Zhen X, et al: Induction of COX-2-PGE2 synthesis by activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway contributes to neuronal death triggered by TDP-43-depleted microglia. Cell Death Dis. 6:e17022015. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Liu Y and Zhang Z, Luo B, Schluesener HJ and Zhang Z: Lesional accumulation of heme oxygenase-1+ microglia/macrophages in rat traumatic brain injury. Neuroreport. 24:281–286. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Fernández P, Guillén MI, Gomar F and Alcaraz MJ: Expression of heme oxygenase-1 and regulation by cytokines in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 66:2049–2052. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Jayasooriya RG, Lee KT, Choi YH, Moon SK, Kim WJ and Kim GY: Antagonistic effects of acetylshikonin on LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in BV2 microglial cells via inhibition of ROS/PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB signaling and activation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 51:975–986. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Rojo AI, Innamorato NG, Martín-Moreno AM, De Ceballos ML, Yamamoto M and Cuadrado A: Nrf2 regulates microglial dynamics and neuroinflammation in experimental Parkinson's disease. Glia. 58:588–598. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Kobayashi EH, Suzuki T, Funayama R, Nagashima T, Hayashi M, Sekine H, Tanaka N, Moriguchi T, Motohashi H, Nakayama K, et al: Nrf2 suppresses macrophage inflammatory response by blocking proinflammatory cytokine transcription. Nat Commun. 7:116242016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Wardyn JD, Ponsford AH and Sanderson CM: Dissecting molecular cross-talk between Nrf2 and NF-kappaB response pathways. Biochem Soc Trans. 43:621–626. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Chantong B, Kratschmar DV, Lister A and Odermatt A: Dibutyltin promotes oxidative stress and increases inflammatory mediators in BV-2 microglia cells. Toxicol Lett. 230:177–187. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Liou CJ, Len WB, Wu SJ, Lin CF, Wu XL and Huang WC: Casticin inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression via suppression of NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol. 158:310–316. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jin M, Park SY, Shen Q, Lai Y, Ou X, Mao Z, Lin D, Yu Y and Zhang W: Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells. Int J Mol Med 41: 521-530, 2018.
APA
Jin, M., Park, S.Y., Shen, Q., Lai, Y., Ou, X., Mao, Z. ... Zhang, W. (2018). Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 521-530. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3217
MLA
Jin, M., Park, S. Y., Shen, Q., Lai, Y., Ou, X., Mao, Z., Lin, D., Yu, Y., Zhang, W."Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.1 (2018): 521-530.
Chicago
Jin, M., Park, S. Y., Shen, Q., Lai, Y., Ou, X., Mao, Z., Lin, D., Yu, Y., Zhang, W."Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 1 (2018): 521-530. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3217
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jin M, Park SY, Shen Q, Lai Y, Ou X, Mao Z, Lin D, Yu Y and Zhang W: Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells. Int J Mol Med 41: 521-530, 2018.
APA
Jin, M., Park, S.Y., Shen, Q., Lai, Y., Ou, X., Mao, Z. ... Zhang, W. (2018). Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 521-530. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3217
MLA
Jin, M., Park, S. Y., Shen, Q., Lai, Y., Ou, X., Mao, Z., Lin, D., Yu, Y., Zhang, W."Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.1 (2018): 521-530.
Chicago
Jin, M., Park, S. Y., Shen, Q., Lai, Y., Ou, X., Mao, Z., Lin, D., Yu, Y., Zhang, W."Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 1 (2018): 521-530. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3217
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team