Low-dose irradiation inhibits proliferation of the p53null type human prostate cancer cells through the ATM/p21 pathway

Li,Si-Jie; Liang,Xin-Yue; Li,Hai-Jun; Yang,Guo-Zi; Li,Wei; Li,Zhuo; Zhou,Lei; Wen,Xue; Yu,De-Hai; Cui,Jiu-Wei

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3237

Low-dose irradiation inhibits proliferation of the p53null type human prostate cancer cells through the ATM/p21 pathway

Authors:
- Si-Jie Li
- Xin-Yue Liang
- Hai-Jun Li
- Guo-Zi Yang
- Wei Li
- Zhuo Li
- Lei Zhou
- Xue Wen
- De-Hai Yu
- Jiu-Wei Cui
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Affiliations: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, Department of Radiation-Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
Published online on: November 7, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3237
Pages: 548-554

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Abstract

Low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) induces hormesis, exerts an adoptive effect on normal mammalian cells and stimulates cell proliferation; however, this effect is absent in cancer cells. Little is known on the molecular mechanisms underlying this differential response between normal and cancer cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and the normal prostate cell line RWPE-1 exhibited differential biological responses to LDIR. Through cell cycle analyses, it was demonstrated that LDIR inhibited cell growth and arrested the cell cycle at the S and G2/M phases in PC-3 cells, but not in RWPE-1 cells. Using western blotting, it was demonstrated that LDIR at 75 mGy induced the expression of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein in PC-3 as well as RWPE-1 cells. However, the ATM̸p21 pathway was activated in PC-3, but not in RWPE-1 cells. Although the expression of p53 was not affected by 75 mGy LDIR in RWPE-1 cells, the ATM̸p21 pathway was activated when RWPE-1 cells lost p53 function. In addition, when using ATM inhibitors, the ATM̸p21 pathway was inactivated in both cell lines, and the LDIR-induced cell proliferation inhibition was also abolished. These findings suggested that the ATM/p21 pathway directly participated in the LDIR-induced cell proliferation inhibition in p53null type prostate tumor cells, whereas this mechanism was absent in normal prostate cells. Thus, p53 may affect cell stability following LDIR, and plays a crucial role in regulating the ATM/p21 pathway activated by LDIR.

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