Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries

  • Authors:
    • Hsing‑Chen Wu
    • Chi‑Ting Horng
    • Shih‑Chang Tsai
    • You‑Li Lee
    • Shou‑Cheng Hsu
    • Yi‑Jen Tsai
    • Fuu‑Jen Tsai
    • Jo‑Hua Chiang
    • Daih‑Huang Kuo
    • Jai‑Sing Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C., Medical Education Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C. , Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, R.O.C., School of Post‑Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Nursing, Chung‑Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi 62241, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.
  • Pages: 2420-2428
    |
    Published online on: January 11, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3380
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a popular Chinese herbal medicine, which is considered to warm the stomach and dispel cold in traditional Chinese medicine. Ginger is widely used to treat stomach disorders, and it has been reported to exhibit antithrombotic activity via the inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production in vitro. Cardiovascular disease is associated with the aberrant functioning of the heart and circulatory system; the relatively narrow vessels of the circulation are commonly affected and blocked by atherosclerosis, which may result in angina or heart attack. Numerous drugs and medicines are used to treat myocardial infarction; however, they are often associated with numerous side effects. Therefore, it is important to identify substitutive drugs with no unbearable side effects. In the present study, the relaxant effects of ginger crude extract (GCE) were determined on porcine coronary arteries. The DPPH radical scavenging assay, lucigenin‑enhanced chemiluminescence assay and western blot analysis were used to individually detect antioxidant assay of ginger extraction or superoxide anion produced by endothelial cells and molecular signaling. The results indicated that GCE induced relaxation of porcine coronary arteries in an endothelium‑dependent manner. GCE increased vasoprotection via the suppression of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase. In addition, GCE possessed antioxidant ability, as determined using 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl and lucigenin‑enhanced chemiluminescence assays. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that GCE exerts marked vasoprotective effects and free radical‑scavenging activities in porcine coronary arteries.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

View References

1 

Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-3425-33347-2.html. 2017

2 

Li H, Sun K, Zhao R, Hu J, Hao Z, Wang F, Lu Y, Liu F and Zhang Y: Inflammatory biomarkers of coronary heart disease. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 10:185–196. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Antonopoulos AS, Papanikolaou E, Vogiatzi G, Oikonomou E and Tousoulis D: Anti-inflammatory agents in peripheral arterial disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 39:1–8. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Salvo F, Bezin J, Bosco-Levy P, Letinier L, Blin P, Pariente A and Moore N: Pharmacological treatments of cardiovascular diseases: Evidence from real-life studies. Pharmacol Res. 118:43–52. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Brown AC: An overview of herb and dietary supplement efficacy, safety and government regulations in the United States with suggested improvements. Part 1 of 5 series. Food Chem Toxicol. 107:449–471. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Aggarwal M, Aggarwal B and Rao J: Integrative medicine for cardiovascular disease and prevention. Med Clin North Am. 101:895–923. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Shukla Y and Singh M: Cancer preventive properties of ginger: a brief review. Food Chem Toxicol. 45:683–690. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Baliga MS, Haniadka R, Pereira MM, Thilakchand KR, Rao S and Arora R: Radioprotective effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger): past, present and future. Food Funct. 3:714–723. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, Pittler MH and Izzo AA: Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol. 105:849–856. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Ghayur MN, Gilani AH, Afridi MB and Houghton PJ: Cardio-vascular effects of ginger aqueous extract and its phenolic constituents are mediated through multiple pathways. Vascul Pharmacol. 43:234–241. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Connell DW and McLachla R: Natural pungent compounds: IV. Examination of the gingerols, shogaols, paradols and related compounds by thin-layer and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 67:29–35. 1972. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Jolad SD, Lantz RC, Chen GJ, Bates RB and Timmermann BN: Commercially processed dry ginger (Zingiber officinale): composition and effects on LPS-stimulated PGE2 production. Phytochemistry. 66:1614–1635. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Macleod AJ and Pieris NM: Volatile aroma constituents of Sri Lankan ginger. Phytochemistry. 23:353–359. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Dugasani S, Pichika MR, Nadarajah VD, Balijepalli MK, Tandra S and Korlakunta JN: Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol. J Ethnopharmacol. 127:515–520. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Mashhadi NS, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, Hariri M, Darvishi L and Mofid MR: Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger in health and physical activity: review of current evidence. Int J Prev Med. 4(Suppl 1): S36–S42. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Weng CJ, Chou CP, Ho CT and Yen GC: Molecular mechanism inhibiting human hepatocarcinoma cell invasion by 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol. Mol Nutr Food Res. 56:1304–1314. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Shao Y, Yu Y, Li C, Yu J, Zong RR and Pei CG: Synergistic effect of quercetin and 6-gingerol treatment in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats and poloxamer P-407 induced hyperlipidemia. Rsc Adv. 6:12235–12242. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Ok S and Jeong WS: Optimization of extraction conditions for the 6-shogaol-rich extract from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Prev Nutr Food Sci. 17:166–171. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Chang LC and Yu YL: Dietary components as epigenetic-regulating agents against cancer. Biomedicine (Taipei). 6:22016. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Gilani AH, Mandukhail SU, Iqbal J, Yasinzai M, Aziz N, Khan A and Najeeb-ur-Rehman: Antispasmodic and vasodilator activities of Morinda citrifolia root extract are mediated through blockade of voltage dependent calcium channels. BMC Complement Altern Med. 10:22010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Sakanashi M, Matsuzaki T and Aniya Y: Nitroglycerin relaxes coronary artery of the pig with no change in glutathione content or glutathione S-transferase activity. Br J Pharmacol. 103:1905–1908. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Sun B, Wang W and Salvaterra PM: Functional analysis and tissue-specific expression of Drosophila Na+, K+-ATPase subunits. J Neurochem. 71:142–151. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Cohen RA, Plane F, Najibi S, Huk I, Malinski T and Garland CJ: Nitric oxide is the mediator of both endothelium-dependent relaxation and hyperpolarization of the rabbit carotid artery. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:4193–4198. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lu CC, Yang SH, Hsia SM, Wu CH and Yen GC: Inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica L. on hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis in vitro. J Funct Foods. 20:20–30. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Lee CF, Yang JS, Tsai FJ, Chiang NN, Lu CC, Huang YS, Chen C and Chen FA: Kaempferol induces ATM/p53-mediated death receptor and mitochondrial apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Oncol. 48:2007–2014. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Randriamboavonjy V, Busse R and Fleming I: 20-HETE-induced contraction of small coronary arteries depends on the activation of Rho-kinase. Hypertension. 41:801–806. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Randriamboavonjy V, Kiss L, Falck JR, Busse R and Fleming I: The synthesis of 20-HETE in small porcine coronary arteries antagonizes EDHF-mediated relaxation. Cardiovasc Res. 65:487–494. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Tomiyama H and Yamashina A: Beta-blockers in the management of hypertension and/or chronic kidney disease. Int J Hypertens. 2014:9192562014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gupta S and Wright HM: Nebivolol: a highly selective beta1-adrenergic receptor blocker that causes vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide. Cardiovasc Ther. 26:189–202. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Flagg TP, Enkvetchakul D, Koster JC and Nichols CG: Muscle KATP channels: recent insights to energy sensing and myoprotection. Physiol Rev. 90:799–829. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Quast U, Stephan D, Bieger S and Russ U: The impact of ATP-sensitive K+ channel subtype selectivity of insulin secretagogues for the coronary vasculature and the myocardium. Diabetes. 53(Suppl 3): S156–S164. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Drain P, Li L and Wang J: KATP channel inhibition by ATP requires distinct functional domains of the cytoplasmic C terminus of the pore-forming subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:13953–13958. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Valavanidis A, Vlahogianni T, Dassenakis M and Scoullos M: Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 64:178–189. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Wang F, Zhao S, Li F, Zhang B, Qu Y, Sun T, Luo T and Li D: Investigation of antioxidant interactions between Radix Astragali and Cimicifuga foetida and identification of synergistic antioxidant compounds. PLoS One. 9:e872212014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Padma VV: An overview of targeted cancer therapy. Biomedicine (Taipei). 5:192015. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Tesfamariam B and Halpern W: Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation in resistance arteries from hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 11:440–444. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Nabel EG, Ganz P, Gordon JB, Alexander RW and Selwyn AP: Dilation of normal and constriction of atherosclerotic coronary arteries caused by the cold pressor test. Circulation. 77:43–52. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Jiang J, Zheng JP, Li Y, Gan Z, Jiang Y, Huang D, Li H, Liu Z and Ke Y: Differential contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing factors to vascular reactivity in conduit and resistance arteries from normotensive and hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens. 38:393–398. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Ghalayini IF: Nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway with some emphasis on cavernosal contractility. Int J Impot Res. 16:459–469. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Pratt PF, Rosolowsky M and Campbell WB: Mediators of arachidonic acid-induced relaxation of bovine coronary artery. Hypertension. 28:76–82. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Liu J, Seibold SA, Rieke CJ, Song I, Cukier RI and Smith WL: Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases: peroxidase hydro-peroxide specificity and cyclooxygenase activation. J Biol Chem. 282:18233–18244. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Steed MM and Tyagi SC: Mechanisms of cardiovascular remodeling in hyperhomocysteinemia. Antioxid Redox Signal. 15:1927–1943. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar :

43 

Ilkhanizadeh B, Shirpoor A, Khadem Ansari MH, Nemati S and Rasmi Y: Protective Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract against diabetes-induced heart abnormality in rats. Diabetes Metab J. 40:46–53. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Mittal M, Siddiqui MR, Tran K, Reddy SP and Malik AB: Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury. Antioxid Redox Signal. 20:1126–1167. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

45 

Förstermann U and Li H: Therapeutic effect of enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling. Br J Pharmacol. 164:213–223. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Matsumoto T, Goulopoulou S, Taguchi K, Tostes RC and Kobayashi T: Constrictor prostanoids and uridine adenosine tetraphosphate: vascular mediators and therapeutic targets in hypertension and diabetes. Br J Pharmacol. 172:3980–4001. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu HC, Horng CT, Tsai SC, Lee YL, Hsu SC, Tsai YJ, Tsai FJ, Chiang JH, Kuo DH, Yang JS, Yang JS, et al: Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries. Int J Mol Med 41: 2420-2428, 2018.
APA
Wu, H., Horng, C., Tsai, S., Lee, Y., Hsu, S., Tsai, Y. ... Yang, J. (2018). Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 2420-2428. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3380
MLA
Wu, H., Horng, C., Tsai, S., Lee, Y., Hsu, S., Tsai, Y., Tsai, F., Chiang, J., Kuo, D., Yang, J."Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.4 (2018): 2420-2428.
Chicago
Wu, H., Horng, C., Tsai, S., Lee, Y., Hsu, S., Tsai, Y., Tsai, F., Chiang, J., Kuo, D., Yang, J."Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 4 (2018): 2420-2428. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3380
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu HC, Horng CT, Tsai SC, Lee YL, Hsu SC, Tsai YJ, Tsai FJ, Chiang JH, Kuo DH, Yang JS, Yang JS, et al: Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries. Int J Mol Med 41: 2420-2428, 2018.
APA
Wu, H., Horng, C., Tsai, S., Lee, Y., Hsu, S., Tsai, Y. ... Yang, J. (2018). Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 2420-2428. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3380
MLA
Wu, H., Horng, C., Tsai, S., Lee, Y., Hsu, S., Tsai, Y., Tsai, F., Chiang, J., Kuo, D., Yang, J."Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.4 (2018): 2420-2428.
Chicago
Wu, H., Horng, C., Tsai, S., Lee, Y., Hsu, S., Tsai, Y., Tsai, F., Chiang, J., Kuo, D., Yang, J."Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 4 (2018): 2420-2428. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3380
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team