Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Jie Yuan
    • Xueyan Zhao
    • Yujuan Hu
    • Haiying Sun
    • Guoqing Gong
    • Xiang Huang
    • Xubo Chen
    • Mingyu Xia
    • Chen Sun
    • Qilin Huang
    • Yu Sun
    • Wen Kong
    • Weijia Kong
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China, Department of Otolaryngology, Central Hospital of Huangshi, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yuan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2086-2098
    |
    Published online on: January 17, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3393
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Presbycusis is the most common sensory impairment associated with aging; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Autophagy has been demonstrated to serve a key role in diverse diseases; however, no studies have examined its function in central presbycusis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of autophagy in the physiological processes of the auditory cortex and its role in the degeneration of the auditory cortex, as well as the related mechanisms using naturally aging rats and a D‑galactose (D‑gal)‑induced mimetic rat model of aging. The present study demonstrated that autophagy increased from 3 months to 15 months in the normal saline (NS) control group, while it decreased in the D‑gal group. Compared with the age‑matched NS group, the D‑gal group demonstrated significantly increased levels of the autophagy‑related proteins, LC3 and Beclin 1 (BECN1) and the anti‑apoptotic proteins B‑cell lymphoma (BCL)2 and BCL‑extra large (BCL‑xL) at 3 months, with no obvious changes in cell apoptosis level and neuron ultrastructural morphology. However, LC3, BECN1, BCL2 and BCL‑xL were decreased at 15 months in the D-gal group, with cell apoptosis significantly increased and substantial neuron degeneration. Additionally, 5' AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was enhanced, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ULK1 phosphorylation (Ser 757) activities were inhibited at 3 months compared with those of the NS group, while the opposite was observed at 9 and 15 months. The present results suggested that autophagy increases from young to adult and decreases at old age in the physiological processes of the auditory cortex, and has anti‑apoptotic as well as anti‑aging functions in the degeneration of the auditory cortex. Additionally, autophagy was regulated through AMPK activation and mTOR suppression, and impairment of autophagy may serve a key role in the degeneration of the auditory cortex, even in the pathogenesis of central presbycusis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

View References

1 

Gao F, Wang G, Ma W, Ren F, Li M, Dong Y, Liu C, Liu B, Bai X, Zhao B and Edden RA: Decreased auditory GABA+ concentrations in presbycusis demonstrated by edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroimage. 106:311–316. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

2 

Yamasoba T, Lin FR, Someya S, Kashio A, Sakamoto T and Kondo K: Current concepts in age-related hearing loss: Epidemiology and mechanistic pathways. Hear Res. 303:30–38. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Menardo J, Tang Y, Ladrech S, Lenoir M, Casas F, Michel C, Bourien J, Ruel J, Rebillard G, Maurice T, et al: Oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagic stress as the key mechanisms of premature age-related hearing loss in SAMP8 mouse Cochlea. Antioxid Redox Signal. 16:263–274. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Mazelová J, Popelar J and Syka J: Auditory function in presbycusis: Peripheral vs. central changes. Exp Gerontol. 38:87–94. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Gates GA, Feeney MP and Mills D: Cross-sectional age-changes of hearing in the elderly. Ear Hear. 29:865–874. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ho SC, Liu JH and Wu RY: Establishment of the mimetic aging effect in mice caused by D-galactose. Biogerontology. 4:15–18. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Lee J, Cho JY and Kim WK: Anti-inflammation effect of Exercise and Korean red ginseng in aging model rats with diet-induced atherosclerosis. Nut Res Pract. 8:284–291. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Ahangarpour A, Lamoochi Z, Fathi Moghaddam H and Mansouri SM: Effects of Portulaca oleracea ethanolic extract on reproductive system of aging female mice. Int J Reprod Biomed. 14:205–212. 2016.

9 

Liao CH, Chen BH, Chiang HS, Chen CW, Chen MF, Ke CC, Wang YY, Lin WN, Wang CC and Lin YH: Optimizing a Male reproductive aging mouse model by D-galactose injection. Int J Mol Sci. 17:E982016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Gao J, Zhou R, You X, Luo F, He H, Chang X, Zhu L, Ding X and Yan T: Salidroside suppresses inflammation in a D-galactose-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease via SIRT1/NF-kappaB pathway. Metab Brain Dis. 31:771–778. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zhong Y, Hu YJ, Chen B, Peng W, Sun Y, Yang Y, Zhao XY, Fan GR, Huang X and Kong WJ: Mitochondrial transcription factor A overexpression and base excision repair deficiency in the inner ear of rats with D-galactose-induced aging. FEBS J. 278:2500–2510. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wu L, Sun Y, Hu YJ, Yang Y, Yao LL, Zhou XX, Wang H, Zhang R, Huang X and Kong WJ: Increased p66Shc in the inner ear of D-galactose-induced aging mice with accumulation of mitochondrial DNA 3873-bp deletion: p66Shc and mtDNA damage in the inner ear during aging. PLoS One. 7:e504832012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Klionsky DJ and Emr SD: Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. Science. 290:1717–1721. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Jia G and Sowers JR: Autophagy: A housekeeper in cardiorenal metabolic health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1852:219–224. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

15 

Kim I and Lemasters JJ: Mitochondrial degradation by autophagy (mitophagy) in GFP-LC3 transgenic hepatocytes during nutrient deprivation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 300:C308–C317. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar :

16 

Lee JA: Neuronal autophagy: A housekeeper or a fighter in neuronal cell survival? Exp Neurobiol. 21:1–8. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Shen HM and Codogno P: Autophagy is a survival force via suppression of necrotic cell death. Exp Cell Res. 318:1304–1308. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Loos B, Engelbrecht AM, Lockshin RA, Klionsky DJ and Zakeri Z: The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility: Unanswered questions. Autophagy. 9:1270–1285. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Shang L and Wang X: AMPK and mTOR coordinate the regulation of Ulk1 and mammalian autophagy initiation. Autophagy. 7:924–926. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kim J, Kundu M, Viollet B and Guan KL: AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1. Cell Biol. 13:132–141. 2011.

21 

Hosokawa N, Hara T, Kaizuka T, Kishi C, Takamura A, Miura Y, Iemura S, Natsume T, Takehana K, Yamada N, et al: Nutrient-dependent mTORC1 association with the ULK1-Atg13-FIP200 complex required for autophagy. Mol Biol Cell. 20:1981–1991. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Jung CH, Ro SH, Cao J, Otto NM and Kim DH: mTOR regulation of autophagy. FEBS Lett. 584:1287–1295. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Mihaylova MM and Shaw RJ: The AMPK signalling pathway coordinates cell growth, autophagy and metabolism. Nat Cell Biol. 13:1016–1023. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Perl A: Oxidative stress in the pathology and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 9:674–686. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Tsuchihashi NA, Hayashi K, Dan K, Goto F, Nomura Y, Fujioka M, Kanzaki S, Komune S and Ogawa K: Autophagy through 4EBP1 and AMPK regulates oxidative stress-induced premature senescence in auditory cells. Oncotarget. 6:3644–3655. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Salminen A and Kaarniranta K: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls the aging process via an integrated signaling network. Ageing Res Rev. 11:230–241. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Johnson SC, Rabinovitch PS and Kaeberlein M: mTOR is a key modulator of ageing and age-related disease. Nature. 493:338–345. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Crino PB: The mTOR signalling cascade: Paving new roads to cure neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 12:379–392. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Song JX, Sun YR, Peluso I, Zeng Y, Yu X, Lu JH, Xu Z, Wang MZ, Liu LF, Huang YY, et al: A novel curcumin analog binds to and activates TFEB in vitro and in vivo independent of MTOR inhibition. Autophagy. 12:1372–1389. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Meijer AJ and Codogno P: AMP-activated protein kinase and autophagy. Autophagy. 3:238–240. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Huang YH, Al-Aidaroos AQ, Yuen HF, Zhang SD, Shen HM, Rozycka E, McCrudden CM, Tergaonkar V, Gupta A, Lin YB, et al: A role of autophagy in PTP4A3-driven cancer progression. Autophagy. 10:1787–1800. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Lee E, Koo Y, Ng A, Wei Y, Luby-Phelps K, Juraszek A, Xavier RJ, Cleaver O, Levine B and Amatruda JF: Autophagy is essential for cardiac morphogenesis during vertebrate development. Autophagy. 10:572–587. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Komatsu M, Waguri S, Chiba T, Murata S, Iwata J, Tanida I, Ueno T, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Kominami E and Tanaka K: Loss of autophagy in the central nervous system causes neurodegeneration in mice. Nature. 441:880–884. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Gianchecchi E, Delfino DV and Fierabracci A: Recent insights on the putative role of autophagy in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 13:231–241. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Munch D, Rodriguez E, Bressendorff S, Park OK, Hofius D and Petersen M: Autophagy deficiency leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, ER stress, and cell death in Arabidopsis. Autophagy. 10:1579–1587. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Pattingre S, Bauvy C, Carpentier S, Levade T, Levine B and Codogno P: Role of JNK1-dependent Bcl-2 phosphorylation in ceramide-induced macroautophagy. J Biol Chem. 284:2719–2728. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

37 

Ito H, Daido S, Kanzawa T, Kondo S and Kondo Y: Radiation-induced autophagy is associated with LC3 and its inhibition sensitizes malignant glioma cells. Int J Oncol. 26:1401–1410. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Saita S, Shirane M and Nakayama KI: Selective escape of proteins from the mitochondria during mitophagy. Nat Commun. 4:14102013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

National Research Council Committee for the Update of the Guide for the C and Use of Laboratory A: The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. th (ed). National Academies Press (US), National Academy of Sciences; Washington (DC): 2011

40 

Nicklas JA, Brooks EM, Hunter TC, Single R and Branda RF: Development of a quantitative PCR (TaqMan) assay for relative mitochondrial DNA copy number and the common mitochondrial DNA deletion in the rat. Environ Mol Mutagen. 44:313–320. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Edris W, Burgett B, Stine OC and Filburn CR: Detection and quantitation by competitive PCR of an age-associated increase in a 4.8-kb deletion in rat mitochondrial DNA. Mutat Res. 316:69–78. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Bai U, Seidman MD, Hinojosa R and Quirk WS: Mitochondrial DNA deletions associated with aging and possibly presbycusis: A human archival temporal bone study. Am J Otol. 18:449–453. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

44 

Chen B, Zhong Y, Peng W, Sun Y and Kong WJ: Age-related changes in the central auditory system: Comparison of D-galactose-induced aging rats and naturally aging rats. Brain Res. 1344:43–53. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Andreollo NA, Santos EF, Araújo MR and Lopes LR: Rat’s age versus human’s age: What is the relationship? Arq Bras Cir Dig. 25:49–51. 2012.In English, Portuguese. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Wang ZY, Lin JH, Muharram A and Liu WG: Beclin-1-mediated autophagy protects spinal cord neurons against mechanical injury-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 19:933–945. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Levine B and Kroemer G: Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease. Cell. 132:27–42. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Cuervo AM, Bergamini E, Brunk UT, Dröge W, Ffrench M and Terman A: Autophagy and aging: The importance of maintaining ‘clean’ cells. Autophagy. 1:131–140. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Ott C, König J, Höhn A, Jung T and Grune T: Macroautophagy is impaired in old murine brain tissue as well as in senescent human fibroblasts. Redox Biol. 10:266–273. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Ye W, Xu K, Huang D, Liang A, Peng Y, Zhu W and Li C: Age-related increases of macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy in rat nucleus pulposus. Connect Tissue Res. 52:472–478. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Wang S, Sun QQ, Xiang B and Li XJ: Pancreatic islet cell autophagy during aging in rats. Clin Invest Med. 36:E72–E80. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

de Iriarte Rodríguez R, Pulido S, Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Magariños M and Varela-Nieto I: Age-regulated function of autophagy in the mouse inner ear. Hear Res. 330:39–50. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Decuypere JP, Parys JB and Bultynck G: Regulation of the autophagic bcl-2/beclin 1 interaction. Cells. 1:284–312. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Levine B, Sinha SC and Kroemer G: Bcl-2 family members: Dual regulators of apoptosis and autophagy. Autophagy. 4:600–606. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Pattingre S, Tassa A, Qu X, Garuti R, Liang XH, Mizushima N, Packer M, Schneider MD and Levine B: Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Cell. 122:927–939. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Al-Shenawy HA: Expression of Beclin-1, an autophagy-related marker, in chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation with apoptotic markers. APMIS. 124:229–237. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Chao SK, Lin J, Brouwer-Visser J, Smith AB III, Horwitz SB and McDaid HM: Resistance to discodermolide, a microtubule-stabilizing agent and senescence inducer, is 4E-BP1-dependent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:391–396. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Koren I, Reem E and Kimchi A: DAP1, a novel substrate of mTOR, negatively regulates autophagy. Curr Biol. 20:1093–1098. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yuan J, Zhao X, Hu Y, Sun H, Gong G, Huang X, Chen X, Xia M, Sun C, Huang Q, Huang Q, et al: Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 41: 2086-2098, 2018.
APA
Yuan, J., Zhao, X., Hu, Y., Sun, H., Gong, G., Huang, X. ... Kong, W. (2018). Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 2086-2098. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3393
MLA
Yuan, J., Zhao, X., Hu, Y., Sun, H., Gong, G., Huang, X., Chen, X., Xia, M., Sun, C., Huang, Q., Sun, Y., Kong, W., Kong, W."Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.4 (2018): 2086-2098.
Chicago
Yuan, J., Zhao, X., Hu, Y., Sun, H., Gong, G., Huang, X., Chen, X., Xia, M., Sun, C., Huang, Q., Sun, Y., Kong, W., Kong, W."Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 4 (2018): 2086-2098. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3393
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yuan J, Zhao X, Hu Y, Sun H, Gong G, Huang X, Chen X, Xia M, Sun C, Huang Q, Huang Q, et al: Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 41: 2086-2098, 2018.
APA
Yuan, J., Zhao, X., Hu, Y., Sun, H., Gong, G., Huang, X. ... Kong, W. (2018). Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 2086-2098. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3393
MLA
Yuan, J., Zhao, X., Hu, Y., Sun, H., Gong, G., Huang, X., Chen, X., Xia, M., Sun, C., Huang, Q., Sun, Y., Kong, W., Kong, W."Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.4 (2018): 2086-2098.
Chicago
Yuan, J., Zhao, X., Hu, Y., Sun, H., Gong, G., Huang, X., Chen, X., Xia, M., Sun, C., Huang, Q., Sun, Y., Kong, W., Kong, W."Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 4 (2018): 2086-2098. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3393
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team