Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study

  • Authors:
    • Hao Feng
    • Zhibo Yang
    • Xue Bai
    • Meirong Yang
    • Yuan Fang
    • Xiaonan Zhang
    • Qiqiang Guo
    • Hong Ning
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China, Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Feng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2099-2107
    |
    Published online on: January 18, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3398
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) serves a central role in regulating cell growth and survival, and has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathological progression of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). In the present study, the potency of PP242, a novel dual inhibitor of mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2), in the suppression of the growth of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) was investigated. Using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 and a wound healing assay, it was demonstrated that PP242 inhibited the proliferation and migration of HLECs. In addition, western blot analysis indicated that PP242 completely inhibited mTORC1 and mTORC2 downstream signaling activities, whereas rapamycin only partially inhibited mTORC1 activity within LECs. Furthermore, PP242 treatment led to an upregulation of the expression levels of p53 and B cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X and downregulation of Bcl‑2. In addition, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that PP242 induced the cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, which may have caused apoptosis and induced autophagy within the LECs. The results of the present study suggested that administration of PP242 may potentially offer a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of PCO.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Apple DJ, Solomon KD, Tetz MR, Assia EI, Holland EY, Legler UF, Tsai JC, Castaneda VE, Hoggatt JP and Kostick AM: Posterior capsule opacification. Surv Ophthalmol. 37:73–116. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Wormstone IM, Wang L and Liu CS: Posterior capsule opacification. Exp Eye Res. 88:257–269. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Awasthi N, Guo S and Wagner BJ: Posterior capsular opacification: A problem reduced but not yet eradicated. Arch Ophthalmol. 127:555–562. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Chan E, Mahroo OA and Spalton DJ: Complications of cataract surgery. Clin Exp Optom. 93:379–389. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Nishi O: Influence of intraocular lens material and design on the development of posterior capsule opacification. Ophthalmologe. 102:572–578. 2005.In German. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Nishi O, Yamamoto N, Nishi K and Nishi Y: Contact inhibition of migrating lens epithelial cells at the capsular bend created by a sharp-edged intraocular lens after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 33:1065–1070. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Apple DJ, Peng Q, Visessook N, Werner L, Pandey SK, Escobar-Gomez M, Ram J and Auffarth GU: Eradication of posterior capsule opacification: Documentation of a marked decrease in Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy rates noted in an analysis of 5416 pseudophakic human eyes obtained postmortem. Ophthalmology. 108:505–518. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Javitt JC, Tielsch JM, Canner JK, Kolb MM, Sommer A and Steinberg EP: National outcomes of cataract extraction. Increased risk of retinal complications associated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The cataract patient outcomes research team. Ophthalmology. 99:1487–1498. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Nibourg LM, Gelens E, Kuijer R, Hooymans JM, van Kooten TG and Koopmans SA: Prevention of posterior capsular opacification. Exp Eye Res. 136:100–115. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Zoncu R, Efeyan A and Sabatini DM: mTOR: From growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 12:21–35. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Guertin DA and Sabatini DM: An expanding role for mTOR in cancer. Trends Mol Med. 11:353–361. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Cargnello M, Tcherkezian J and Roux PP: The expanding role of mTOR in cancer cell growth and proliferation. Mutagenesis. 30:169–176. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Tian F, Dong L, Zhou Y, Shao Y, Li W, Zhang H and Wang F: Rapamycin-induced apoptosis in HGF-stimulated lens epithelial cells by AKT/mTOR, ERK and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 15:13833–13848. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Xiong W, Cheng BH, Jia SB and Tang LS: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in platelet-derived growth factor-induced migration of human lens epithelial cells. Curr Eye Res. 35:389–401. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Wederell ED and de Iongh RU: Extracellular matrix and integrin signaling in lens development and cataract. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 17:759–776. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Teo ZL, McQueen-Miscamble L, Turner K, Martinez G, Madakashira B, Dedhar S, Robinson ML and de Iongh RU: Integrin linked kinase (ILK) is required for lens epithelial cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Exp Eye Res. 121:130–142. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sparks CA and Guertin DA: Targeting mTOR: Prospects for mTOR complex 2 inhibitors in cancer therapy. Oncogene. 29:3733–3744. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Schenone S, Brullo C, Musumeci F, Radi M and Botta M: ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR: An update. Curr Med Chem. 18:2995–3014. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Weber JD and Gutmann DH: Deconvoluting mTOR biology. Cell Cycle. 11:236–248. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Vousden KH and Prives C: Blinded by the Light: The growing complexity of p53. Cell. 137:413–431. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Chen Q, Ash JD, Branton P, Fromm L and Overbeek PA: Inhibition of crystallin expression and induction of apoptosis by lens-specific E1A expression in transgenic mice. Oncogene. 21:1028–1037. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Morgenbesser SD, Williams BO, Jacks T and DePinho RA: p53-dependent apoptosis produced by Rb-deficiency in the developing mouse lens. Nature. 371:72–74. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Malecaze F, Decha A, Serre B, Penary M, Duboue M, Berg D, Levade T, Lubsen NH, Kremer EJ and Couderc B: Prevention of posterior capsule opacification by the induction of therapeutic apoptosis of residual lens cells. Gene Ther. 13:440–448. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Pataer A, Fang B, Yu R, Kagawa S, Hunt KK, McDonnell TJ, Roth JA and Swisher SG: Adenoviral Bak overexpression mediates caspase-dependent tumor killing. Cancer Res. 60:788–792. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zheng JH, Viacava Follis A, Kriwacki RW and Moldoveanu T: Discoveries and controversies in BCL-2 protein-mediated apoptosis. FEBS J. 283:2690–2700. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Munson MJ and Ganley IG: MTOR, PIK3C3, and autophagy: Signaling the beginning from the end. Autophagy. 11:2375–2376. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Wormstone IM and Eldred JA: Experimental models for posterior capsule opacification research. Exp Eye Res. 142:2–12. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Liegl R, Wertheimer C, Kernt M, Docheva D, Kampik A and Eibl-Lindner KH: Attenuation of human lens epithelial cell spreading, migration and contraction via downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 252:285–292. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Laplante M and Sabatini DM: mTOR signaling at a glance. J Cell Sci. 122:3589–3594. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Guo R, Meng Q, Guo H, Xiao L, Yang X, Cui Y and Huang Y: TGF-β2 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cultured human lens epithelial cells through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 13:1105–1110. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

López-Novoa JM and Nieto MA: Inflammation and EMT: An alliance towards organ fibrosis and cancer progression. EMBO Mol Med. 1:303–314. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Liu Q, Thoreen C, Wang J, Sabatini D and Gray NS: mTOR mediated anti-cancer drug discovery. Drug Discov Today Ther Strateg. 6:47–55. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Sehgal SN, Baker H and Vézina C: Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. II. Fermentation, isolation and characterization. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 28:727–732. 1975. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Rao RD, Buckner JC and Sarkaria JN: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 4:621–635. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Houghton PJ: Everolimus. Clin Cancer Res. 16:1368–1372. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Liu H, Feng G, Wu L, Fu S, Liu P, Yang W and Zhang X: The effects of rapamycin on lens epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and matrix formation: An in vitro study. Mol Vis. 16:1646–1653. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Liu H, Wu L, Fu S, Hou Y, Liu P, Cui H, Liu J, Xing L and Zhang X: Polylactide-glycoli acid and rapamycin coating intraocular lens prevent posterior capsular opacification in rabbit eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 247:801–807. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Wang Z and Wang Z: Effects of rapamycin on expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in human lens epithelial cells and cell cycle in rats. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 31:555–559. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Zhou HY and Huang SL: Current development of the second generation of mTOR inhibitors as anticancer agents. Chin J Cancer. 31:8–18. 2012.

40 

Feldman ME, Apsel B, Uotila A, Loewith R, Knight ZA, Ruggero D and Shokat KM: Active-site inhibitors of mTOR target rapamycin-resistant outputs of mTORC1 and mTORC2. PLoS Biol. 7:e382009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Muller PA and Vousden KH: Mutant p53 in cancer: New functions and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Cell. 25:304–317. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Osnes-Ringen Ø, Berg KH, Moe MC, Zetterström C, Røger M and Nicolaissen B: Cell death pattern in lens epithelium of cataract patients. Acta Ophthalmol. 94:514–520. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Li Y, Liu S, Zhang F, Jiang P, Wu X and Liang Y: Expression of the microRNAs hsa-miR-15a and hsa-miR-16-1 in lens epithelial cells of patients with age-related cataract. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:2405–2410. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

44 

Lin Z, McDermott A, Shao L, Kannan A, Morgan M, Stack BC Jr, Moreno M, Davis DA, Cornelius LA and Gao L: Chronic mTOR activation promotes cell survival in Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 344:272–281. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

45 

Baehrecke EH: Autophagic programmed cell death in Drosophila. Cell Death Differ. 10:940–945. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Tresse E, Kosta A, Luciani MF and Golstein P: From autophagic to necrotic cell death in Dictyostelium. Semin Cancer Biol. 17:94–100. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Yu L, Alva A, Su H, Dutt P, Freundt E, Welsh S, Baehrecke EH and Lenardo MJ: Regulation of an ATG7-beclin 1 program of autophagic cell death by caspase-8. Science. 304:1500–1502. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Atreya CE, Ducker GS, Feldman ME, Bergsland EK, Warren RS and Shokat KM: Combination of ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors with standard chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs. 30:2219–2225. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Janes MR, Limon JJ, So L, Chen J, Lim RJ, Chavez MA, Vu C, Lilly MB, Mallya S, Ong ST, et al: Effective and selective targeting of leukemia cells using a TORC1/2 kinase inhibitor. Nat Med. 16:205–213. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Feng H, Yang Z, Bai X, Yang M, Fang Y, Zhang X, Guo Q and Ning H: Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study. Int J Mol Med 41: 2099-2107, 2018.
APA
Feng, H., Yang, Z., Bai, X., Yang, M., Fang, Y., Zhang, X. ... Ning, H. (2018). Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 2099-2107. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3398
MLA
Feng, H., Yang, Z., Bai, X., Yang, M., Fang, Y., Zhang, X., Guo, Q., Ning, H."Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.4 (2018): 2099-2107.
Chicago
Feng, H., Yang, Z., Bai, X., Yang, M., Fang, Y., Zhang, X., Guo, Q., Ning, H."Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 4 (2018): 2099-2107. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3398
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Feng H, Yang Z, Bai X, Yang M, Fang Y, Zhang X, Guo Q and Ning H: Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study. Int J Mol Med 41: 2099-2107, 2018.
APA
Feng, H., Yang, Z., Bai, X., Yang, M., Fang, Y., Zhang, X. ... Ning, H. (2018). Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 2099-2107. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3398
MLA
Feng, H., Yang, Z., Bai, X., Yang, M., Fang, Y., Zhang, X., Guo, Q., Ning, H."Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.4 (2018): 2099-2107.
Chicago
Feng, H., Yang, Z., Bai, X., Yang, M., Fang, Y., Zhang, X., Guo, Q., Ning, H."Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 4 (2018): 2099-2107. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3398
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team