Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes

  • Authors:
    • Xiaocui Chen
    • Yinghua Xu
    • Zuowang Cheng
    • Hong Su
    • Xiu Liu
    • Dongmei Xu
    • Carolyn Kapron
    • Ju Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China, School of Graduate Studies, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China, Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China, Department of Cardiography, Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China, Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
  • Pages: 2359-2365
    |
    Published online on: January 30, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3445
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxin. Our previous study demonstrated that low‑dose Cd damages the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB); however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Podocytes are a major component of the GFB, which regulate the passage of proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low‑dose Cd on human renal podocytes (HRPs). HRPs were treated with Cd and activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway was examined by western blot analysis. Proliferation, viability and apoptosis of HRPs were evaluated by MTT assay, trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The properties of HRPs were validated by immunofluorescence staining and Phalloidin‑labeling. The results indicated that 4 µM Cd may activate the JNK pathway, and increase the protein expression levels of c‑Jun and c‑Fos. However, proliferation, viability, apoptosis and alignment of the F‑actin cytoskeleton in HRPs were not significantly affected by Cd treatment, with or without SP600125 pretreatment. In addition, the expression levels of CD2‑associated protein and synaptopodin, which are differentiation markers of HRPs, remained unchanged following Cd treatment. These results indicated that low‑dose Cd activates the JNK pathway but does not significantly affect HRP function.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Eichler TE, Ransom RF and Smoyer WE: Differential induction of podocyte heat shock proteins by prolonged single and combination toxic metal exposure. Toxicol Sci. 84:120–128. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Liu J, Liu Y and Klaassen CD: Nephrotoxicity of CdCl2 and Cd-metallothionein in cultured rat kidney proximal tubules and LLC-PK1 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 128:264–270. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Prozialeck WC, Edwards JR and Woods JM: The vascular endothelium as a target of cadmium toxicity. Life Sci. 79:1493–1506. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Pavenstädt H, Kriz W and Kretzler M: Cell biology of the glomerular podocyte. Physiol Rev. 83:253–307. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Sugano Y, Lindenmeyer MT, Auberger I, Ziegler U, Segerer S, Cohen CD, Neuhauss SC and Loffing J: The Rho-GTPase binding protein IQGAP2 is required for the glomerular filtration barrier. Kidney Int. 88:1047–1056. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Inoue K and Ishibe S: Podocyte endocytosis in the regulation of the glomerular filtration barrier. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 309:F398–F405. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Testagrossa L, Azevedo Neto R, Resende A, Woronik V and Malheiros D: Immunohistochemical expression of podocyte markers in the variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 28:91–98. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Barisoni L, Schnaper HW and Kopp JB: Advances in the biology and genetics of the podocytopathies: Implications for diagnosis and therapy. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 133:201–216. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Shankland SJ, Eitner F, Hudkins KL, Goodpaster T, D'Agati V and Alpers CE: Differential expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human glomerular disease: Role in podocyte proliferation and maturation. Kidney Int. 58:674–683. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hu M, Fan M, Zhen J, Lin J, Wang Q, Lv Z and Wang R: FAK contributes to proteinuria in hypercholesterolaemic rats and modulates podocyte F-actin re-organization via activating p38 in response to ox-LDL. J Cell Mol Med. 21:552–567. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Seger R and Krebs EG: The MAPK signaling cascade. FASEB J. 9:726–735. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Chen X, Li J, Cheng Z, Xu Y, Wang X, Li X, Xu D, Kapron CM and Liu J: Low dose cadmium inhibits proliferation of human renal mesangial cells via activation of the JNK pathway. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Oct 7–2016.(Epub ahead of print). View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Subramanian D, Bunjobpol W and Sabapathy K: Interplay between TAp73 protein and selected activator protein-1 (AP-1) family members promotes AP-1 target gene activation and cellular growth. J Biol Chem. 290:18636–18649. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Hess J, Angel P and Schorpp-Kistner M: AP-1 subunits: Quarrel and harmony among siblings. J Cell Sci. 117:5965–5973. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Davis RJ: Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. Cell. 103:239–252. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Woodgett JR, Avruch J and Kyriakis JM: Regulation of nuclear transcription factors by stress signals. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 22:281–283. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Tsai JS, Chao CH and Lin LY: Cadmium activates multiple signaling pathways that coordinately stimulate Akt activity to enhance c-Myc mRNA stability. PLoS one. 11:e01470112016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Liu C, Zhang R, Sun C, Zhang H, Xu C, Liu W, Gao W, Huang S and Chen L: Resveratrol prevents cadmium activation of Erk1/2 and JNK pathways from neuronal cell death via protein phosphatases 2A and 5. J Neurochem. 135:466–478. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Gao X, Yu L, Moore AB, Kissling GE, Waalkes MP and Dixon D: Cadmium and proliferation in human uterine leiomyoma cells: Evidence of a role for EGFR/MAPK pathways but not classical estrogen receptor pathways. Environ Health Perspect. 123:331–336. 2015.

20 

Barisoni L: Podocyte biology in segmental sclerosis and progressive glomerular injury. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 19:76–83. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Meyrier A: Mechanisms of disease: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 1:44–54. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Bennett BL, Sasaki DT, Murray BW, O'Leary EC, Sakata ST, Xu W, Leisten JC, Motiwala A, Pierce S, Satoh Y, et al: SP600125, an anthrapyrazolone inhibitor of Jun N-terminal kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:13681–13686. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Eichler T, Ma Q, Kelly C, Mishra J, Parikh S, Ransom RF, Devarajan P and Smoyer WE: Single and combination toxic metal exposures induce apoptosis in cultured murine podocytes exclusively via the extrinsic caspase 8 pathway. Toxicol Sci. 90:392–399. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Shen X, Jiang H, Ying M, Xie Z, Li X, Wang H, Zhao J, Lin C, Wang Y, Feng S, et al: Calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin A and tacrolimus protect against podocyte injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside in rodent models. Sci Rep. 6:320872016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Provias JP, Ackerley CA, Smith C and Becker LE: Cadmium encephalopathy: A report with elemental analysis and pathological findings. Acta Neuropathol. 88:583–586. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Li L, Dong F, Xu D, Du L, Yan S, Hu H, Lobe CG, Yi F, Kapron CM and Liu J: Short-term, low-dose cadmium exposure induces hyperpermeability in human renal glomerular endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol. 36:257–265. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Dong F, Guo F, Li L, Guo L, Hou Y, Hao E, Yan S, Allen TD and Liu J: Cadmium induces vascular permeability via activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 450:447–452. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Prozialeck WC, Edwards JR, Nebert DW, Woods JM, Barchowsky A and Atchison WD: The vascular system as a target of metal toxicity. Toxicol Sci. 102:207–218. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Kriz W: Progressive renal failure–inability of podocytes to replicate and the consequences for development of glomerulosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 11:1738–1742. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Rennke HG: How does glomerular epithelial cell injury contribute to progressive glomerular damage? Kidney Int Suppl. 45:S58–S63. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Nemmiche S: Oxidative signaling response to cadmium exposure. Toxicol Sci. 156:4–10. 2017.

32 

Pineda-Molina E, Klatt P, Vázquez J, Marina A, García de Lacoba M, Pérez-Sala D and Lamas S: Glutathionylation of the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB: A mechanism for redox-induced inhibition of DNA binding. Biochemistry. 40:14134–14142. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Nemmiche S, Chabane-Sari D, Kadri M and Guiraud P: Cadmium-induced apoptosis in the BJAB human B cell line: Involvement of PKC/ERK1/2/JNK signaling pathways in HO-1 expression. Toxicology. 300:103–111. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Liu J and Kapron CM: Differential induction of MAP kinase signalling pathways by cadmium in primary cultures of mouse embryo limb bud cells. Reprod Toxicol. 29:286–291. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Lee JC, Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P and Shi X: Oxidative stress and metal carcinogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med. 53:742–757. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zhang H, Li L, Wang Y, Dong F, Chen X, Liu F, Xu D, Yi F, Kapron CM and Liu J: NF-k B signaling maintains the survival of cadmium-exposed human renal glomerular endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med. 38:417–422. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Liu F, Wang B, Li L, Dong F, Chen X, Li Y, Dong X, Wada Y, Kapron CM and Liu J: Low-dose cadmium upregulates VEGF expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 12:10508–10521. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Faul C, Asanuma K, Yanagida-Asanuma E, Kim K and Mundel P: Actin up: Regulation of podocyte structure and function by components of the actin cytoskeleton. Trends Cell Biol. 17:428–437. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Heinonen MT, Kanduri K, Lähdesmäki HJ, Lahesmaa R and Henttinen TA: Tubulin- and actin-associating GIMAP4 is required for IFN-γ secretion during Th cell differentiation. Immunol Cell Biol. 93:158–166. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Müller-Krebs S, Kihm LP, Madhusudhan T, Isermann B, Reiser J, Zeier M and Schwenger V: Human RAGE antibody protects against AGE-mediated podocyte dysfunction. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 27:3129–3136. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Kim EY, Suh JM, Chiu YH and Dryer SE: Regulation of podocyte BK(Ca) channels by synaptopodin, Rho, and actin microfilaments. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 299:F594–F604. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Usatyuk PV and Natarajan V: Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced actin remodeling and barrier function in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 279:11789–11797. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Ispanovic E and Haas TL: JNK and PI3K differentially regulate MMP-2 and MT1-MMP mRNA and protein in response to actin cytoskeleton reorganization in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 291:C579–C588. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Lv Z, Hu M, Ren X, Fan M, Zhen J, Chen L, Lin J, Ding N, Wang Q and Wang R: Fyn mediates high glucose-induced actin cytoskeleton reorganization of podocytes via promoting ROCK activation in vitro. J Diabetes Res 2016. 5671803:2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen X, Xu Y, Cheng Z, Su H, Liu X, Xu D, Kapron C and Liu J: Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes. Int J Mol Med 41: 2359-2365, 2018.
APA
Chen, X., Xu, Y., Cheng, Z., Su, H., Liu, X., Xu, D. ... Liu, J. (2018). Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 2359-2365. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3445
MLA
Chen, X., Xu, Y., Cheng, Z., Su, H., Liu, X., Xu, D., Kapron, C., Liu, J."Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.4 (2018): 2359-2365.
Chicago
Chen, X., Xu, Y., Cheng, Z., Su, H., Liu, X., Xu, D., Kapron, C., Liu, J."Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 4 (2018): 2359-2365. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3445
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen X, Xu Y, Cheng Z, Su H, Liu X, Xu D, Kapron C and Liu J: Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes. Int J Mol Med 41: 2359-2365, 2018.
APA
Chen, X., Xu, Y., Cheng, Z., Su, H., Liu, X., Xu, D. ... Liu, J. (2018). Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 2359-2365. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3445
MLA
Chen, X., Xu, Y., Cheng, Z., Su, H., Liu, X., Xu, D., Kapron, C., Liu, J."Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.4 (2018): 2359-2365.
Chicago
Chen, X., Xu, Y., Cheng, Z., Su, H., Liu, X., Xu, D., Kapron, C., Liu, J."Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 4 (2018): 2359-2365. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3445
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team