Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 41 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 41 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion

  • Authors:
    • Ziyang Jing
    • Hui Deng
    • Junfan Ma
    • Yanhong Guo
    • Yaoxian Liang
    • Rui Wu
    • Lata A
    • Zihan Geng
    • Xiaoyan Qiu
    • Yue Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China, Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China, Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China, Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Jing et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3296-3306
    |
    Published online on: March 1, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3525
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Podocyte injury occurs during the initiation and development of numerous forms of glomerular disease, and antibodies targeting podocytes have become a biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response. Accumulating evidence has suggested that immunoglobulin (Ig) is expressed in non‑B lineage cells, including epithelial cancer cells, myeloid cells and several types of normal cells. The main aim of the present study was to ascertain the expression of IgG in human podocytes and to determine its potential role in cellular bioactivity. The present study detected positive staining for IgG heavy chain (Igγ) and its subtype γ4, and the light chains κ and λ in the cytoplasm or on the membrane by immunofluorescence. In addition, positive bands were detected for Igγ, γ1, γ3, γ4, κ and λ in the lysates of a podocyte cell line by western blotting. Mass spectrometry confirmed IgG1 as an intact tetramer in the culture supernatant. Constant region transcripts of Igγ, γ1, γ3, γ4, κ and λ were identified by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing of these transcripts revealed 96‑99% similarity with Ig mRNAs in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Compared with the diverse gene rearrangements from B cell-derived Ig, podocyte‑derived Ig exhibited conservative V(D)J patterns in the variable regions of Igγ and κ chains. Furthermore, the present study investigated the mechanism underlying IgG production in these cells by examining the expression of recombination activating gene (RAG)1, RAG2 and activation‑induced cytidine deaminase. The expression levels of these proteins suggested that podocyte‑derived Ig and traditional Ig may be generated in a similar manner. Furthermore, small interfering RNA‑mediated downregulation of IgG expression reduced podocyte viability and adhesive capabilities. These findings suggested that IgG is expressed in podocytes and that this expression may be associated with podocyte function. Due to its potential biological and clinical significance, this phenomenon warrants further investigation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Reiser J and Altintas MM: Podocytes. F1000Research F1000. Faculty Rev. 5:1142016.

2 

Wiggins RC: The spectrum of podocytopathies: A unifying view of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int. 71:1205–1214. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Beck LH Jr and Salant DJ: Membranous nephropathy: From models to man. J Clin Invest. 124:2307–2314. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Beck LH Jr, Bonegio RGB, Lambeau G, Beck DM, Powell DW, Cummins TD, Klein JB and Salant DJ: M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 361:11–21. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Schlumberger W, Hornig N, Lange S, Probst C, Komorowski L, Fechner K, Dähnrich C and Stöcker W: Differential diagnosis of membranous nephropathy with autoantibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor 1. Autoimmun Rev. 13:108–113. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Qiu X, Zhu X, Zhang L, Mao Y, Zhang J, Hao P, Li G, Lv P, Li Z, Sun X, et al: Human epithelial cancers secrete immunoglobulin g with unidentified specificity to promote growth and survival of tumor cells. Cancer Res. 63:6488–6495. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Li M, Feng DY, Ren W, Zheng L, Zheng H, Tang M and Cao Y: Expression of immunoglobulin kappa light chain constant region in abnormal human cervical epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 36:2250–2257. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Babbage G, Ottensmeier CH, Blaydes J, Stevenson FK and Sahota SS: Immunoglobulin heavy chain locus events and expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in epithelial breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 66:3996–4000. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Chen Z and Gu J: Immunoglobulin G expression in carcinomas and cancer cell lines. FASEB J. 21:2931–2938. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Qiu X, Sun X, He Z, Huang J, Hu F, Chen L, Lin P, You MJ, Medeiros LJ and Yin CC: Immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain gene with somatic hypermutation is frequently expressed in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 27:92–99. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Huang J, Sun X, Gong X, He Z, Chen L, Qiu X and Yin CC: Rearrangement and expression of the immunoglobulin µ-chain gene in human myeloid cells. Cell Mol Immunol. 11:94–104. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Wang C, Xia M, Sun X, He Z, Hu F, Chen L, Bueso-Ramos CE, Qiu X and Yin CC: IGK with conserved IGKV/IGKJ repertoire is expressed in acute myeloid leukemia and promotes leukemic cell migration. Oncotarget. 6:39062–39072. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Huang J, Zhang L, Ma T, Zhang P and Qiu X: Expression of immunoglobulin gene with classical V-(D)-J rearrangement in mouse testis and epididymis. J Histochem Cytochem. 57:339–349. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

14 

Yan M, Zhang X, Pu Q, Huang T, Xie Q, Wang Y, Li J, Wang Y, Gu H, Huang T, et al: Immunoglobulin g expression in human sperm and possible functional significance. Sci Rep. 6:201662016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Huang J, Sun X, Mao Y, Zhu X, Zhang P, Zhang L, Du J and Qiu X: Expression of immunoglobulin gene with classical V-(D)-J rearrangement in mouse brain neurons. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 40:1604–1615. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Niu N, Zhang J, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Korteweg C and Gu J: Expression and distribution of immunoglobulin G and its receptors in the human nervous system. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 43:556–563. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Zhao Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, Korteweg C and Gu J: Immunoglobulin g (IgG) expression in human umbilical cord endothelial cells. J Histochem Cytochem. 59:474–488. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Jiang D, Ge J, Liao Q, Ma J, Liu Y, Huang J, Wang C, Xu W, Zheng J, Shao W, et al: IgG and IgA with potential microbial-binding activity are expressed by normal human skin epidermal cells. Int J Mol Sci. 16:2574–2590. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Zheng J, Huang J, Mao Y, Liu S, Sun X, Zhu X, Ma T, Zhang L, Ji J, Zhang Y, et al: Immunoglobulin gene transcripts have distinct VHDJH recombination characteristics in human epithelial cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 284:13610–13619. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Lee G and Ge B: Cancer cell expressions of immunoglobulin heavy chains with unique carbohydrate-associated biomarker. Cancer Biomark. 5:177–188. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Lee G and Ge B: Inhibition of in vitro tumor cell growth by RP215 monoclonal antibody and antibodies raised against its anti-idiotype antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 59:1347–1356. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Wen YJ, Mancino A, Pashov A, Whitehead T, Stanley J and Kieber-Emmons T: Antigen binding of human IgG Fabs mediate ERK-associated proliferation of human breast cancer cells. DNA Cell Biol. 24:73–84. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Wang J, Lin D, Peng H, Huang Y, Huang J and Gu J: Cancer-derived immunoglobulin G promotes tumor cell growth and proliferation through inducing production of reactive oxygen species. Cell Death Dis. 4:e9452013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Li M, Zheng H, Duan Z, Liu H, Hu D, Bode A, Dong Z and Cao Y: Promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of ADCC by cancerous immunoglobulin expressed in cancer cell lines. Cell Mol Immunol. 9:54–61. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Liu Y, Liu D, Wang C, Liao Q, Huang J, Jiang D, Shao W, Yin CC, Zhang Y, Lee G, et al: Binding of the monoclonal antibody RP215 to immunoglobulin G in metastatic lung adenocarcinomas is correlated with poor prognosis. Histopathology. 67:645–653. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Liao Q, Liu W, Liu Y, Wang F, Wang C, Zhang J, Chu M, Jiang D, Xiao L, Shao W, et al: Aberrant high expression of immunoglobulin G in epithelial stem/progenitor-like cells contributes to tumor initiation and metastasis. Oncotarget. 6:40081–40094. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Liu H, Zheng H, Duan Z, Hu D, Li M, Liu S, Li Z, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang M, et al: LMP1-augmented kappa intron enhancer activity contributes to upregulation expression of Ig kappa light chain via NF-kappaB and AP-1 pathways in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer. 8:922009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Zhu X, Wu L, Zhang L, Hao P, Zhang S, Huang J, Zheng J, Liu Y, Li W, Zhang Y, et al: Distinct regulatory mechanism of immunoglobulin gene transcription in epithelial cancer cells. Cell Mol Immunol. 7:279–286. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Wu L, Liu Y, Zhu X, Zhang L, Chen J, Zhang H, Hao P, Zhang S, Huang J, Zheng J, et al: The immunoglobulin heavy chain VH6-1 promoter regulates Ig transcription in non-B cells. Cancer Cell Int. 14:1142014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Saleem MA, O'Hare MJ, Reiser J, Coward RJ, Inward CD, Farren T, Xing CY, Ni L, Mathieson PW and Mundel P: A conditionally immortalized human podocyte cell line demonstrating nephrin and podocin expression. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:630–638. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Cerutti A, Zan H, Schaffer A, Bergsagel L, Harindranath N, Max EE and Casali P: CD40 ligand and appropriate cytokines induce switching to IgG, IgA, and IgE and coordinated germinal center and plasmacytoid phenotypic differentiation in a human monoclonal IgM+IgD+ B cell line. J Immunol. 160:2145–2157. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Lynch S, Kelleher D, McManus R and O'Farrelly C: RAG1 and RAG2 expression in human intestinal epithelium: Evidence of extrathymic T cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol. 25:1143–1147. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Revy P, Muto T, Levy Y, Geissmann F, Plebani A, Sanal O, Catalan N, Forveille M, Dufourcq-Labelouse R, Gennery A, et al: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency causes the autosomal recessive form of the Hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM2). Cell. 102:565–575. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Lee G, Huang C, Chow S and Chien C: Carbohydrate-associated epitope-based anti-cancer drugs and vaccines. Adv Biosci Biotechnol. 4:18–23. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Shao W, Zhang C, Liu E, Zhang L, Ma J, Zhu Z, Gong X, Qin Z and Qiu X: Identification of liver epithelial cell-derived Ig expression in µ chain-deficient mice. Sci Rep. 6:236692016. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Tonegawa S: Somatic generation of antibody diversity. Nature. 302:575–581. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Glanville J, Zhai W, Berka J, Telman D, Huerta G, Mehta GR, Ni I, Mei L, Sundar PD, Day GM, et al: Precise determination of the diversity of a combinatorial antibody library gives insight into the human immunoglobulin repertoire. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:20216–20221. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Bassing CH, Swat W and Alt FW: The mechanism and regulation of chromosomal V(D)J recombination. Cell. 109(Suppl 1): S45–S55. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Welsh GI and Saleem MA: The podocyte cytoskeleton--key to a functioning glomerulus in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 8:14–21. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Nagata M: Podocyte injury and its consequences. Kidney Int. 89:1221–1230. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jing Z, Deng H, Ma J, Guo Y, Liang Y, Wu R, A L, Geng Z, Qiu X, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al: Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion. Int J Mol Med 41: 3296-3306, 2018.
APA
Jing, Z., Deng, H., Ma, J., Guo, Y., Liang, Y., Wu, R. ... Wang, Y. (2018). Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 3296-3306. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3525
MLA
Jing, Z., Deng, H., Ma, J., Guo, Y., Liang, Y., Wu, R., A, L., Geng, Z., Qiu, X., Wang, Y."Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.6 (2018): 3296-3306.
Chicago
Jing, Z., Deng, H., Ma, J., Guo, Y., Liang, Y., Wu, R., A, L., Geng, Z., Qiu, X., Wang, Y."Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 6 (2018): 3296-3306. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3525
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jing Z, Deng H, Ma J, Guo Y, Liang Y, Wu R, A L, Geng Z, Qiu X, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al: Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion. Int J Mol Med 41: 3296-3306, 2018.
APA
Jing, Z., Deng, H., Ma, J., Guo, Y., Liang, Y., Wu, R. ... Wang, Y. (2018). Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 3296-3306. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3525
MLA
Jing, Z., Deng, H., Ma, J., Guo, Y., Liang, Y., Wu, R., A, L., Geng, Z., Qiu, X., Wang, Y."Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.6 (2018): 3296-3306.
Chicago
Jing, Z., Deng, H., Ma, J., Guo, Y., Liang, Y., Wu, R., A, L., Geng, Z., Qiu, X., Wang, Y."Expression of immunoglobulin G in human podocytes, and its role in cell viability and adhesion". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 6 (2018): 3296-3306. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3525
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team