Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 41 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 41 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus‑like particles against lung cancer

  • Authors:
    • Wang Xi
    • Dong Ke
    • Long Min
    • Wang Lin
    • Zuo Jiahui
    • Lin Fang
    • Gao Zhaowei
    • Zhang Zhe
    • Chen Xi
    • Zhang Huizhong
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3671-3679
    |
    Published online on: March 15, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3570
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The cell surface glycoprotein Trop‑2 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including in lung cancer, and has recently been used as an effective immunotherapeutic target. CD40 ligand (CD40L), a tumor necrosis factor superfamily member, is a promising immune adjuvant. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gag‑based virus‑like particles (VLPs) are highly immunogenic, and foreign antigens can be incorporated onto their membrane envelope for cancer vaccine development. In the present study, a HIV gag‑based VLP strategy and Bac‑to‑Bac system were utilized to construct Trop‑2, CD40L and gag recombinant baculoviruses, which were then used to infect TN5 cells in order to form Trop‑2 VLPs or Trop‑2‑CD40L VLPs. These VLPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis methods. VLPs incorporating murine Trop‑2 only or incorporating Trop‑2 and CD40L were used to immunize C57BL/6 mice. Immunized mice demonstrated high humoral and cellular immunity responses, whereas the Trop‑2‑CD40L VLPs led to higher immune responses in comparison with Trop‑2 only VLPs. Immunization with Trop‑2‑CD40L VLPs also reduced tumor growth more effectively compared with Trop‑2 VLPs. Furthermore, Trop‑2‑CD40L VLP immunization increased the survival rate of Lewis tumor‑bearing mice more significantly when compared with Trop‑2 only VLPs. In conclusion, the present study provided a novel vaccine design by combination of a tumor antigen and an immune adjuvant based on a VLP strategy, which may be potentially applied as an alternative immunotherapeutic option in the treatment of lung cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Fong D, Moser P, Krammel C, Gostner JM, Margreiter R, Mitterer M, Gastl G and Spizzo G: High expression of TROP2 correlates with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer. 99:1290–1295. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Simms A, Jacob RP, Cohen C and Siddiqui MT: TROP-2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma: Potential diagnostic utility. Diagn Cytopathol. 44:26–31. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Trerotola M, Ganguly KK, Fazli L, Fedele C, Lu H, Dutta A, Liu Q, De Angelis T, Riddell LW, Riobo NA, et al: Trop-2 is up-regulated in invasive prostate cancer and displaces FAK from focal contacts. Oncotarget. 6:14318–14328. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Wang J, Day R, Dong Y, Weintraub SJ and Michel L: Identification of Trop-2 as an oncogene and an attractive therapeutic target in colon cancers. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:280–285. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Stepan LP, Trueblood ES, Hale K, Babcook J, Borges L and Sutherland CL: Expression of Trop-2 cell surface glycoprotein in normal and tumor tissues: Potential implications as a cancer therapeutic target. J Histochem Cytochem. 59:701–710. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ambrogi F, Fornili M, Boracchi P, Trerotola M, Relli V, Simeone P, La Sorda R, Lattanzio R, Querzoli P, Pedriali M, et al: Trop-2 is a determinant of breast cancer survival. PLoS One. 9:e969932014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Bignotti E, Zanotti L, Calza S, Falchetti M, Lonardi S, Ravaggi A, Romani C, Todeschini P, Bandiera E, Tassi RA, et al: Trop-2 protein overexpression is an independent marker for predicting disease recurrence in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. BMC Clin Pathol. 12:222012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Bignotti E, Todeschini P, Calza S, Falchetti M, Ravanini M, Tassi RA, Ravaggi A, Bandiera E, Romani C, Zanotti L, et al: Trop-2 overexpression as an independent marker for poor overall survival in ovarian carcinoma patients. Eur J Cancer. 46:944–953. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Jiang A, Gao X, Zhang D, Zhang L and Lu H: Expression and clinical significance of the Trop-2 gene in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 6:375–380. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Pushko P, Tretyakova I, Hidajat R, Zsak A, Chrzastek K, Tumpey TM and Kapczynski DR: Virus-like particles displaying H5, H7, H9 hemagglutinins and N1 neuraminidase elicit protective immunity to heterologous avian influenza viruses in chickens. Virology. 501:176–182. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar :

11 

Hill BD, Zak A, Khera E and Wen F: Engineering virus-like particles for antigen and drug delivery. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 19:112–127. 2018.

12 

Zdanowicz M and Chroboczek J: Virus-like particles as drug delivery vectors. Acta Biochim Pol. 63:469–473. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Liu X, Fang Y, Zhou P, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Xiao S, Dong Z, Pan L, Lv J, Zhang Z, et al: Chimeric virus-like particles elicit protective immunity against serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus in guinea pigs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 101:4905–4914. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Jeong H and Seong BL: Exploiting virus-like particles as innovative vaccines against emerging viral infections. J Microbiol. 55:220–230. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Mohan T, Berman Z, Luo Y, Wang C, Wang S, Compans RW and Wang BZ: Chimeric virus-like particles containing influenza HA antigen and GPI-CCL28 induce long-lasting mucosal immunity against H3N2 viruses. Sci Rep. 7:402262017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Robert MA, Lytvyn V, Deforet F, Gilbert R and Gaillet B: Virus-like particles derived from HIV-1 for delivery of duclear proteins: Improvement of production and activity by protein engineering. Mol Biotechnol. 59:9–23. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Feng Q, He Y and Lu J: Virus-like larticles lroduced in lichia lastoris induce protective immune responses against Coxsackievirus A16 in mice. Med Sci Monit. 22:3370–3382. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Yan Q, Wu L, Chen L, Qin Y, Pan Z and Chen M: Vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines expressing EV71 virus-like particles elicit strong immune responses and protect newborn mice from lethal challenges. Vaccine. 34:4196–4204. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Wang X, Xiao X, Zhao M, Liu W, Pang L, Sun X, Cen S, Yang BB, Huang Y, Sheng W and Zeng Y: EV71 virus-like particles produced by co-expression of capsid proteins in yeasT cells elicit humoral protective response against EV71 lethal challenge. BMC Res Notes. 9:422016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Alshaikhahmed K and Roy P: Generation of virus-like particles for emerging epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus: Towards the development of safe vaccine candidates. Vaccine. 34:1103–1108. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ludwig C and Wagner R: Virus-like particles-universal molecular toolboxes. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 18:537–545. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Deml L, Speth C, Dierich MP, Wolf H and Wagner R: Recombinant HIV-1 Pr55gag virus-like particles: Potent stimulators of innate and acquired immune responses. Mol Immunol. 42:259–277. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Figgett WA, Vincent FB, Saulep-Easton D and Mackay F: Roles of ligands from the TNF superfamily in B cell development, function, and regulation. Semin Immunol. 26:191–202. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Bazzoni F and Beutler B: The tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families. N Engl J Med. 334:1717–1725. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Gupta S, Termini JM, Kanagavelu S and Stone GW: Design of vaccine adjuvants incorporating TNF superfamily ligands and TNF superfamily molecular mimics. Immunol Res. 57:303–310. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Song I, Kim J, Kwon K, Koo S and Jo D: Expression of CD154 (CD40L) on stimulated T lymphocytes in patients with idopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Hematology. 21:187–192. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Quezada SA, Jarvinen LZ, Lind EF and Noelle RJ: CD40/CD154 interactions at the interface of tolerance and immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 22:307–328. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Tripp RA, Jones L, Anderson LJ and Brown MP: CD40 ligand (CD154) enhances the Th1 and antibody responses to respiratory syncytial virus in the C57BL/6 mouse. J Immunol. 164:5913–5921. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Cheng LF, Wang F, Zhang L, Yu L, Ye W, Liu ZY, Ying QK, Wu XA, Xu ZK and Zhang FL: Incorporation of GM-CSF or CD40L enhances the immunogenicity of Hantaan virus-like particles. FronT cell Infect Microbiol. 6:1852016. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Stone GW, Barzee S, Snarsky V, Kee K, Spina CA, Yu XF and Kornbluth RS: Multimeric soluble CD40 ligand and GITR ligand as adjuvants for human immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccines. J Virol. 80:1762–1772. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Skountzou I, Quan FS, Gangadhara S, Ye L, Vzorov A, Selvaraj P, Jacob J, Compans RW and Kang SM: Incorporation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or CD40 ligand enhances immunogenicity of chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus-like particles. J Virol. 81:1083–1094. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Daniel RA and Errington J: Control of cell morphogenesis in bacteria: two distinct ways to make a rod-shaped cell. Cell. 113:767–776. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Chen W, Zheng R, Zeng H and Zhang S: Epidemiology of lung cancer in China. Thorac Cancer. 6:209–215. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Somasundaram A and Burns TF: The next generation of immunotherapy: Keeping lung cancer in check. J Hematol Oncol. 10:872017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Cubas R, Zhang S, Li M, Chen C and Yao Q: Chimeric Trop-2 virus-like particles: A potential immunotherapeutic approach against pancreatic cancer. J Immunother. 34:251–263. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Wang Y, Wang YM, Wang Y, Zheng G, Zhang GY, Zhou JJ, Tan TK, Cao Q, Hu M, Watson D, et al: DNA vaccine encoding CD40 targeted to dendritic cells in situ prevents the development of Heymann nephritis in rats. Kidney Int. 83:223–232. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Kwa S, Sadagopal S, Shen X, Hong JJ, Gangadhara S, Basu R, Victor B, Iyer SS, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, et al: CD40L-adjuvanted DNA/modified vaccinia virus Ankara simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine enhances protection against neutralization-resistant mucosal SIV infection. J Virol. 89:4690–4695. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xi W, Ke D, Min L, Lin W, Jiahui Z, Fang L, Zhaowei G, Zhe Z, Xi C, Huizhong Z, Huizhong Z, et al: Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus‑like particles against lung cancer. Int J Mol Med 41: 3671-3679, 2018.
APA
Xi, W., Ke, D., Min, L., Lin, W., Jiahui, Z., Fang, L. ... Huizhong, Z. (2018). Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus‑like particles against lung cancer. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 3671-3679. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3570
MLA
Xi, W., Ke, D., Min, L., Lin, W., Jiahui, Z., Fang, L., Zhaowei, G., Zhe, Z., Xi, C., Huizhong, Z."Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus‑like particles against lung cancer". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.6 (2018): 3671-3679.
Chicago
Xi, W., Ke, D., Min, L., Lin, W., Jiahui, Z., Fang, L., Zhaowei, G., Zhe, Z., Xi, C., Huizhong, Z."Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus‑like particles against lung cancer". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 6 (2018): 3671-3679. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3570
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xi W, Ke D, Min L, Lin W, Jiahui Z, Fang L, Zhaowei G, Zhe Z, Xi C, Huizhong Z, Huizhong Z, et al: Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus‑like particles against lung cancer. Int J Mol Med 41: 3671-3679, 2018.
APA
Xi, W., Ke, D., Min, L., Lin, W., Jiahui, Z., Fang, L. ... Huizhong, Z. (2018). Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus‑like particles against lung cancer. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 3671-3679. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3570
MLA
Xi, W., Ke, D., Min, L., Lin, W., Jiahui, Z., Fang, L., Zhaowei, G., Zhe, Z., Xi, C., Huizhong, Z."Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus‑like particles against lung cancer". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.6 (2018): 3671-3679.
Chicago
Xi, W., Ke, D., Min, L., Lin, W., Jiahui, Z., Fang, L., Zhaowei, G., Zhe, Z., Xi, C., Huizhong, Z."Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus‑like particles against lung cancer". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 6 (2018): 3671-3679. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3570
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team