Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
September-2018 Volume 42 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2018 Volume 42 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways

  • Authors:
    • Xiao‑Qing Li
    • Li‑Min Cai
    • Jing Liu
    • Yan‑Li Ma
    • Ying‑Hui Kong
    • He Li
    • Ming Jiang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1445-1459
    |
    Published online on: June 5, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3720
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is known to trigger inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptotic responses through various signaling pathways, which eventually lead to skin cancer. The present study investigated whether liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury in vivo and in vitro using SKH‑1 hairless mice and HACAT cells, respectively. The animals were exposed to UVB irradiation (180 mJ/cm2) for 20 min, followed by liquiritin treatment. The findings indicated that UVB exposure resulted in the excessive release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, IL‑18, IL‑6 and cyclooxygenase (COX)2, which were dependent on the toll‑like receptor (TLR)4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signaling pathway. Oxidative stress was also observed, evidenced by reduced antioxidants and elevated oxidants. Apoptosis, examined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and crystal violet staining, suggested that UVB irradiation caused cell death in vivo and in vitro, which was closely associated with p38/c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase and caspase activity. Of note, liquiritin treatment in mice and cells exposed to UVB showed reduced inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis through inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB mitogen‑activated protein kinases and caspase pathways, and downregulating the release of oxidants. Overall, the data revealed that liquiritin may be a useful compound against UVB‑induced skin injury.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

View References

1 

Yager J: The skin as an immune organ Advances in Veterinary Dermatology. Ihrke PJ, Mason IS and White SD: Pergamon Press; Oxford: pp. 311993

2 

Afaq F, Adhami VM and Mukhtar H: Photochemoprevention of ultraviolet B signaling and photocarcinogenesis. Mutat Res. 571:153–173. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Muthusamy V and Piva TJ: A comparative study of UV-induced cell signalling pathways in human keratinocyte-derived cell lines. Arch Dermatol Res. 305:817–833. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Muthusamy V and Piva TJ: The UV response of the skin: A review of the MAPK, NFkappaB, and TNFalpha signal transduction pathways. Arch Dermatol Res. 302:5–17. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Masferrer JL, Leahy KM, Koki AT, Zweifel BS, Settle SL, Woerner BM, Edwards DA, Flickinger AG, Moore RJ and Seibert K: Antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 60:1306–1311. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Kim SB, Kang OH, Joung DK, Mun SH, Seo YS, Cha MR, Ryu SY, Shin DW and Kwon DY: Anti-inflammatory effects of tectroside on UVB-induced HaCaT cells. Int J Mol Med. 31:1471–1476. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Buckman SY, Gresham A, Hale P, Hruza G, Anast J, Masferrer J and Pentland AP: COX-2 expression is induced by UVB exposure in human skin: Implications for the development of skin cancer. Carcinogenesis. 19:723–729. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Karpurapu M, Wang X, Deng J, Park H, Xiao L, Sadikot RT, Frey RS, Maus UA, Park GY, Scott EW and Christman JW: Functional PU.1 in macrophages has a pivotal role in NF-κB activation and neutrophilic lung inflammation during endotoxemia. Blood. 118:5255–5266. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Medvedev AE, Lentschat A, Wahl LM, Golenbock DT and Vogel SN: Dysregulation of LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4-MyD88 complex formation and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 activation in endotoxin-tolerant cells. J Immunol. 169:5209–5216. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Lee J, Giordano S and Zhang J: Autophagy, mitochondria and oxidative stress: Cross-talk and redox signalling. Biochem J. 441:523–540. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

11 

Acker T, Fandrey J and Acker H: The good, the bad and the ugly in oxygen-sensing: ROS, cytochromes and prolyl-hydroxylases. Cardiovasc Res. 71:195–207. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Burotto M, Chiou VL, Lee JM and Kohn EC: The MAPK pathway across different malignancies: A new perspective. Cancer. 120:3446–3456. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Hsieh SC, Huang MH, Cheng CW, Hung JH, Yang SF and Hsieh YH: α-Mangostin induces mitochondrial dependent apoptosis in human hepatoma SK-Hep-1 cells through inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway. Apoptosis. 18:1548–1560. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lamy E, Herz C, Lutz-Bonengel S, Hertrampf A, Márton MR and Mersch-Sundermann V: The MAPK pathway signals telomerase modulation in response to isothiocyanate-induced DNA damage of human liver cancer cells. PLoS One. 8:e532402013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Hui K, Yang Y, Shi K, Luo H, Duan J, An J, Wu P, Ci Y, Shi L and Xu C: The p38 MAPK-regulated PKD1/CREB/Bcl-2 pathway contributes to selenite-induced colorectal cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett. 354:189–199. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wang W, Hu X, Zhao Z, Liu P, Hu Y, Zhou J, Zhou D, Wang Z, Guo D and Guo H: Antidepressant-like effects of liquiritin and isoliquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 32:1179–1184. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sun YX, Tang Y, Wu AL, Liu T, Dai XL, Zheng QS and Wang ZB: Neuroprotective effect of liquiritin against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice via its antioxidant and antiapoptosis properties. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 12:1051–1060. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Wu TY, Khor TO, Saw CL, Loh SC, Chen AI, Lim SS, Park JH, Cai L and Kong AN: Anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative stress activities and differential regulation of Nrf2-mediated genes by non-polar fractions of tea Chrysanthemum zawadski and licoric Glycyrrhiza uralensis. AAPS J. 13:1–13. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Dong SJ, Inoue A, Zhu Y, Tanji M and Kiyama R: Activation of rapid signally pathways and the subsequent transcriptional regulation for the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by the treatment with an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root. Food Chem Toxicol. 45:2470–2478. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Weiler C, Nerlich AG, Bachmeier BE and Boos N: Expression and distribution of tumor necrosis factor alpha in human lumbar intervertebral discs: A study in surgical specimen and autopsy controls. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30:44–54. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Le Maitre CL, Hoyland JA and Freemont AJ: Catabolic cytokine expression in degenerate and herniated human intervertebral discs: IL-1beta and TNFalpha expression profile. Arthritis Res Ther. 9:R772007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Fu Y, Hsieh ZC, Guo JQ, Kunicki J, Lee YWT, Darzynkiewicz Z and Wu JM: Licochalcone-A, a novel flavonoid isolated from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), causes G2 and late-G1 arrests in androgen-independent PC-3 prostat cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 322:263–270. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kuo WH, Chen JH, Lin HH, Chen BC, Hsu JD and Wang CJ: Induction of apoptosis in the lung tissue from rats exposed to cigarette smoke involves p38/JNK MAPK pathway. Chem Biol Interact. 155:31–42. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures, 2010. American Cancer Society; Atlanta, GA: 2010

26 

Suzuki Y, Nakabayashi Y, Nakata K, Reed JC and Takahashi R: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) inhibits caspase-3 and -7 in distinct modes. J Biol Chem. 276:27058–27063. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Perrone D, Ardito F, Giannatempo G, Dioguardi M, Troiano G, Lo Russo L, DE Lillo A, Laino L and Lo Muzio L: Biological and therapeutic activities, and anticancer properties of curcumin (Review). Exp Ther Med. 10:1615–1623. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Nilsson MB, Langley RR and Fidler IJ: Interleukin-6, secreted by human ovarian carcinoma cells, is a potent proangiogenic cytokine. Cancer Res. 65:10794–10800. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Cho JW, Lee KS and Kim CW: Curcumin attenuates the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha as well as cyclin E in TNF-alpha-treated HaCaT cells; NF-kappaB and MAPKs as potential upstream targets. Int J Mol Med. 19:469–474. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Chen W, Tang Q, Gonzales MS and Bowden GT: Role of p38 MAP kinases and ERK in mediating ultraviolet-B induced cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in human keratinocytes. Oncogene. 20:3921–3926. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Wullaert A, Bonnet MC and Pasparakis M: NF-κB in the regulation of epithelial homeostasis and inflammation. Cell Res. 21:146–158. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Rajagopalan S, Kurz S, Münzel T, Tarpey M, Freeman BA, Griendling KK and Harrison DG: Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation. Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone. J Clin Invest. 97:1916–1923. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Touyz RM and Briones AM: Reactive oxygen species and vascular biology: Implications in human hypertension. Hypertens Res. 34:5–14. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Jia SJ, Jiang DJ, Hu CP, Zhang XH, Deng HW and Li YJ: Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced elevation of asymmetric dimethylarginine level by the NADPH oxidase pathway in endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol. 44:143–148. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Hanna IR, Taniyama Y, Szöcs K, Rocic P and Griendling KK: NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species as mediators of angiotensin II signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal. 4:899–914. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Luo Z, Teerlink T, Griendling K, Aslam S, Welch WJ and Wilcox CS: Angiotensin II and NADPH oxidase increase ADMA in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension. 56:498–504. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Was H, Dulak J and Jozkowicz A: Heme oxygenase-1 in tumor biology and therapy. Curr Drug Targets. 11:1551–1570. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Wang G, Qian P, Jackson FR, Qian G and Wu G: Sequential activation of JAKs, STATs and xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase by hypoxia in lung microvascular endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 40:461–470. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Ladilov Y, Schäfer C, Held A, Schäfer M, Noll T and Piper HM: Mechanism of Ca(2+) overload in endothelial cells exposed to simulated ischemia. Cardiovasc Res. 47:394–403. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Makino J, Kamiya T, Hara H and Adachi T: TPA induces the expression of EC-SOD in human monocytic THP-1 cells: Involvement of PKC, MEK/ERK and NOX-derived ROS. Free Radic Res. 46:637–644. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Carbone F, Teixeira PC, Braunersreuther V, Mach F, Vuilleumier N and Montecucco F: Pathophysiology and treatments of oxidative injury in ischemic stroke: Focus on the phagocytic NADPH oxidase 2. Antioxid Redox Signal. 23:460–489. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

42 

Ansari MA and Scheff SW: NADPH-oxidase activation and cognition in Alzheimer disease progression. Free Radic Biol Med. 51:171–178. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Pearson G, Robinson F, Beers Gibson T, Xu BE, Karandikar M, Berman K and Cobb MH: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: Regulation and physiological functions. Endocr Rev. 22:153–183. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

44 

Yuan L, Wang J, Xiao H, Wu W, Wang Y and Liu X: MAPK signaling pathways regulate mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis induced by isoorientin in human hepatoblastoma cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 53:62–68. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Lin C, Holland RE Jr, Donofrio JC, McCoy MH, Tudor LR and Chambers TM: Caspase activation in equine influenza virus induced apoptotic cell death. Vet Microbiol. 84:357–365. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Vermes I, Haanen C and Reutelingsperger C: Flow cytometry of apoptotic cell death. J Immunol Methods. 243:167–190. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Muslin AJ: MAPK signalling in cardiovascular health and disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Clin Sci (Lond). 115:203–218. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Newhouse K, Hsuan SL, Chang SH, Cai B, Wang Y and Xia Z: Rotenone-induced apoptosis is mediated by p38 and JNK MAP kinases in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Sci. 79:137–146. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li XQ, Cai LM, Liu J, Ma YL, Kong YH, Li H and Jiang M: Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 42: 1445-1459, 2018.
APA
Li, X., Cai, L., Liu, J., Ma, Y., Kong, Y., Li, H., & Jiang, M. (2018). Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 42, 1445-1459. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3720
MLA
Li, X., Cai, L., Liu, J., Ma, Y., Kong, Y., Li, H., Jiang, M."Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42.3 (2018): 1445-1459.
Chicago
Li, X., Cai, L., Liu, J., Ma, Y., Kong, Y., Li, H., Jiang, M."Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42, no. 3 (2018): 1445-1459. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3720
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li XQ, Cai LM, Liu J, Ma YL, Kong YH, Li H and Jiang M: Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 42: 1445-1459, 2018.
APA
Li, X., Cai, L., Liu, J., Ma, Y., Kong, Y., Li, H., & Jiang, M. (2018). Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 42, 1445-1459. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3720
MLA
Li, X., Cai, L., Liu, J., Ma, Y., Kong, Y., Li, H., Jiang, M."Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42.3 (2018): 1445-1459.
Chicago
Li, X., Cai, L., Liu, J., Ma, Y., Kong, Y., Li, H., Jiang, M."Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42, no. 3 (2018): 1445-1459. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3720
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team