Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
December-2018 Volume 42 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2018 Volume 42 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Astragalus polysaccharide combined with 10-hydroxycamptothecin inhibits metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines via the MAP4K3/mTOR signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Yang Zhou
    • Tao Hong
    • Li Tong
    • Wei Liu
    • Xueting Yang
    • Jianghan Luo
    • Fuling Wang
    • Jian Li
    • Lijun Yan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Pharmacy, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3093-3104
    |
    Published online on: September 7, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3868
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Non‑small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a life‑threatening malignancy. The level of the cell growth regulator mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP4K3) has been shown to be correlated with a high risk of NSCLC recurrence and poor recurrence‑free survival rate. The present study examined the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and 10‑hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), which are associated with marked suppression and dephosphorylation of the MAP4K3/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, in the H1299 NSCLC cell line. APS and HCPT decreased H1299 cell viability, induced apoptosis and altered the cell cycle stages, as evaluated using an 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, APS increased the expression of apoptosis‑associated genes B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (BAX), of proteases cysteine‑aspartic acid protease (caspase)‑3 and ‑9, and of cytochrome c. HCPT promoted autophagy in H1299 cells, with concomitant suppression of the expression of MAP4K3 and downregulation of mTOR signaling. Notably, combination treatment with the two agents reduced the migration and invasion of H1299 cells compared with the single treatments. It was also demonstrated that the overexpression of MAP4K3 promoted the migration and invasion of H1299 cells, and that the kinase activity was essential to this. These findings suggested that MAP4K3 may be an attractive target for the treatment of NSCLC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

View References

1 

Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:87–108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kanzaki R, Higashiyama M, Fujiwara A, Tokunaga T, Maeda J, Okami J, Kozuka T, Hosoki T, Hasegawa Y, Takami M, et al: Occult mediastinal lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients diagnosed as clinical N01 by preoperative integrated FDG-PET/CT and CT: Risk factors, pattern, and histopathological study. Lung Cancer. 71:333–337. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Spizzo G, Seeber A and Mitterer M: Routine use of pamidronate in NSCLC patients with bone metastasis: Results from a retrospective analysis. Anticancer Res. 29:5245–5249. 2009.

4 

Fidler IJ, Kim SJ and Langley RR: The role of the organ micro-environment in the biology and therapy of cancer metastasis. J Cell Biochem. 101:927–936. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Shiraga M, Yano S, Yamamoto A, Ogawa H, Goto H, Miki T, Miki K, Zhang H and Sone S: Organ heterogeneity of host-derived matrix metalloproteinase expression and its involvement in multiple-organ metastasis by lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 62:5967–5973. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Nguyen DX and Massagué J: Genetic determinants of cancer metastasis. Nat Rev Genet. 8:341–352. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Chen M, Du Y, Qui M, Wang M, Chen K, Huang Z, Jiang M, Xiong F, Chen J, Zhou J, et al: Ophiopogonin B-induced autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncol Rep. 29:430–436. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar :

8 

Saxton RA and Sabatini DM: mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease. Cell. 169:361–371. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Han B, Cui H, Kang L, Zhang X, Jin Z, Lu L and Fan Z: Metformin inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth, migration, and EMT through the mTOR pathway. Tumour Biol. 36:6295–6304. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Zhang Y, Zhang HE and Liu Z: MicroRNA-147 suppresses proliferation, invasion and migration through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 11:405–410. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zhang X, Ding Z, Mo J, Sang B, Shi Q, Hu J, Xie S, Zhan W, Lu D, Yang M, et al: GOLPH3 promotes glioblastoma cell migration and invasion via the mTOR-YB1 pathway in vitro. Mol Carcinog. 54:1252–1263. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Dai L, Zhuang L and Zhang B, Wang F, Chen X, Xia C and Zhang B: DAG/PKCδ and IP3/Ca2+/CaMK IIβ operate in parallel to each other in PLCγ1-driven cell proliferation and migration of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, through Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 16:28510–28522. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Findlay GM, Yan L, Procter J, Mieulet V and Lamb RF: A MAP4 kinase related to Ste20 is a nutrient-sensitive regulator of mTOR signalling. Biochem J. 403:13–20. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Yan L, Mieulet V, Burgess D, Findlay GM, Sully K, Procter J, Goris J, Janssens V, Morrice NA and Lamb RF: PP2A T61 epsilon is an inhibitor of MAP4K3 in nutrient signaling to mTOR. Mol Cell. 37:633–642. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhao B, Han H, Chen J, Zhang Z, Li S, Fang F, Zheng Q, Ma Y, Zhang J, Wu N and Yang Y: MicroRNA let-7c inhibits migration and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer by targeting ITGB3 and MAP4K3. Cancer Lett. 342:43–51. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Park J, Lee J and Choi C: Evaluation of drug-targetable genes by defining modes of abnormality in gene expression. Sci Rep. 5:135762015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Hsu CP, Chuang HC, Lee MC, Tsou HH, Lee LW, Li JP and Tan TH: GLK/MAP4K3 overexpression associates with recurrence risk for non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 7:41748–41757. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Fu J, Wang Z, Huang L, Zheng S, Wang D, Chen S, Zhang H and Yang S: Review of the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi). Phytother Res. 28:1275–1283. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Liu Y, Liu F, Yang Y, Li D, Lv J, Ou Y, Sun F, Chen J, Shi Y and Xia P: Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 68:209–214. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Han R: Highlight on the studies of anticancer drugs derived from plants in China. Stem Cells. 12:53–63. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Allen JJ, Li M, Brinkworth CS, Paulson JL, Wang D, Hübner A, Chou WH, Davis RJ, Burlingame AL, Messing RO, et al: A semisynthetic epitope for kinase substrates. Nat Methods. 4:511–516. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Mizushima N and Yoshimori T: How to interpret LC3 immunoblotting. Autophagy. 3:542–545. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Che X, Yan H, Sun H, Dongol S, Wang Y, Lv Q and Jiang J: Grifolin induces autophagic cell death by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/S6K pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 36:1041–1047. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Liu Z, Zheng Q, Chen W, Wu M, Pan G, Yang K, Li X, Man S, Teng Y, Yu P and Gao W: Chemosensitizing effect of Paris Saponin I on Camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin in lung cancer cells via p38 MAPK, ERK, and Akt signaling pathways. Eur J Med Chem. 125:760–769. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Yuan ZF, Tang YM, Xu XJ, Li SS and Zhang JY: 10-Hydroxycamptothecin induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SMS-KCNR cells through p53, cytochrome c and caspase 3 pathways. Neoplasma. 63:72–79. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Liu Z, Zhu G, Getzenberg RH and Veltri RW: The upregulation of PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways is associated with resistance of microtubule-targeting drugs in prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem. 116:1341–1349. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Mallery SR, Shenderova A, Pei P, Begum S, Ciminieri JR, Wilson RF, Casto BC, Schuller DE and Morse MA: Effects of 10-hydroxycamptothecin, delivered from locally injectable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres, in a murine human oral squamous cell carcinoma regression model. Anticancer Res. 21:1713–1722. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Liu W and Zhang R: Upregulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 in human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 undergoing apoptosis induced by natural product anticancer drugs 10-hydroxycamptothecin and camptothecin through p53-dependent and independent pathways. Int J Oncol. 12:793–804. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zhang XW, Qing C and Xu B: Apoptosis induction and cell cycle perturbation in human hepatoma hep G2 cells by 10- hydroxycamptothecin. Anticancer Drugs. 10:569–576. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Cheng YX, Zhang QF, Pan F, Huang JL, Li BL, Hu M, Li MQ and Chen Ch: Hydroxycamptothecin shows antitumor efficacy on HeLa cells via autophagy activation mediated apoptosis in cervical cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 37:238–243. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Yoshida Y, Wang MQ, Liu JN, Shan BE and Yamashita U: Immunomodulating activity of Chinese medicinal herbs and Oldenlandia diffusa in particular. Int J Immunopharmacol. 19:359–370. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Lai X, Xia W, Wei J and Ding X: Therapeutic effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on hepatocellular carcinoma H22-bearing mice. Dose Response. 15:15593258166851822017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Cassileth BR, Rizvi N, Deng G, Yeung KS, Vickers A, Guillen S, Woo D, Coleton M and Kris MG: Safety and pharmacokinetic trial of docetaxel plus an Astragalus-based herbal formula for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 65:67–71. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Duan P and Wang ZM: Clinical study on effect of Astragalus in efficacy enhancing and toxicity reducing of chemotherapy in patients of malignant tumor. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 22:515–517. 2002.In Chinese.

35 

Cao Y, Ruan Y, Shen T, Huang X, Li M, Yu W, Zhu Y, Man Y, Wang S and Li J: Astragalus polysaccharide suppresses doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating the PI3k/Akt and p38MAPK pathways. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014.674219:2014.

36 

Zhang JX, Han YP, Bai C and Li Q: Notch1/3 and p53/p21 are a potential therapeutic target for APS-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:12539–12547. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yin X, Chen L, Liu Y, Yang J, Ma C, Yao Z, Yang L, Wei L and Li M: Enhancement of the innate immune response of bladder epithelial cells by Astragalus polysaccharides through up regulation of TLR4 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 397:232–238. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Zhang P, Wang J, Wang W, Liu X, Liu H, Li X and Wu X: Astragalus polysaccharides enhance the immune response to avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccination in chickens. Microb Pathog. 111:81–85. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Liu D, Chen L, Zhao J and Cui K: Cardioprotection activity and mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharide in vivo and in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol. 111:947–952. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Guo L, Bai SP, Zhao L and Wang XH: Astragalus polysaccharide injection integrated with vinorelbine and cisplatin for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Effects on quality of life and survival. Med Oncol. 29:1656–1662. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Liu X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Xu S, He S, Huang W and Roberts MS: Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract inhibits cell invasion by modulating transforming growth factor-beta/Smad in HepG2 cell. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25:420–426. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Leberer E, Dignard D, Harcus D, Thomas DY and Whiteway M: The protein kinase homologue Ste20p is required to link the yeast pheromone response G-protein beta gamma subunits to downstream signalling components. EMBO J. 11:4815–4824. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Yan L and Lamb RF: Signalling by amino acid nutrients. Biochem Soc Trans. 39:443–445. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou Y, Hong T, Tong L, Liu W, Yang X, Luo J, Wang F, Li J and Yan L: Astragalus polysaccharide combined with 10-hydroxycamptothecin inhibits metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines via the MAP4K3/mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 42: 3093-3104, 2018.
APA
Zhou, Y., Hong, T., Tong, L., Liu, W., Yang, X., Luo, J. ... Yan, L. (2018). Astragalus polysaccharide combined with 10-hydroxycamptothecin inhibits metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines via the MAP4K3/mTOR signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 42, 3093-3104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3868
MLA
Zhou, Y., Hong, T., Tong, L., Liu, W., Yang, X., Luo, J., Wang, F., Li, J., Yan, L."Astragalus polysaccharide combined with 10-hydroxycamptothecin inhibits metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines via the MAP4K3/mTOR signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42.6 (2018): 3093-3104.
Chicago
Zhou, Y., Hong, T., Tong, L., Liu, W., Yang, X., Luo, J., Wang, F., Li, J., Yan, L."Astragalus polysaccharide combined with 10-hydroxycamptothecin inhibits metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines via the MAP4K3/mTOR signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42, no. 6 (2018): 3093-3104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3868
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou Y, Hong T, Tong L, Liu W, Yang X, Luo J, Wang F, Li J and Yan L: Astragalus polysaccharide combined with 10-hydroxycamptothecin inhibits metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines via the MAP4K3/mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 42: 3093-3104, 2018.
APA
Zhou, Y., Hong, T., Tong, L., Liu, W., Yang, X., Luo, J. ... Yan, L. (2018). Astragalus polysaccharide combined with 10-hydroxycamptothecin inhibits metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines via the MAP4K3/mTOR signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 42, 3093-3104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3868
MLA
Zhou, Y., Hong, T., Tong, L., Liu, W., Yang, X., Luo, J., Wang, F., Li, J., Yan, L."Astragalus polysaccharide combined with 10-hydroxycamptothecin inhibits metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines via the MAP4K3/mTOR signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42.6 (2018): 3093-3104.
Chicago
Zhou, Y., Hong, T., Tong, L., Liu, W., Yang, X., Luo, J., Wang, F., Li, J., Yan, L."Astragalus polysaccharide combined with 10-hydroxycamptothecin inhibits metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines via the MAP4K3/mTOR signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42, no. 6 (2018): 3093-3104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3868
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team