Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
April-2019 Volume 43 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2019 Volume 43 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Imbalance of angiotensin-converting enzymes affects myocardial apoptosis during cardiac arrest induced by acute pulmonary embolism in a porcine model

  • Authors:
    • Hong‑Li Xiao
    • Lian‑Xing Zhao
    • Jun Yang
    • Nan Tong
    • Le An
    • Qi‑Tong Liu
    • Miao‑Rong Xie
    • Chun-Sheng Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China, Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xiao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1575-1584
    |
    Published online on: February 26, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4109
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) with cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with a high mortality rate. Even upon return of the spontaneous circulation (ROSC), APE‑CA survivors are prone to myocardial cell apoptosis, a key cellular mechanism that induces heart failure. A recent study by our group discovered a post‑resuscitation imbalance in the serum angiotensin‑converting enzyme (ACE)2/ACE axis of the renin‑angiotensin system (RAS), as well as regressive cardiac function in a porcine model of APE‑CA. However, it has remained elusive how this imbalance in the ACE2/ACE axis affects myocardial cell apoptosis. In the present study, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the RAS was only activated in the left myocardium, as evidenced by a decreased ACE2/ACE ratio following APE‑CA and ROSC, but not the right myocardium. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed myocardial apoptosis in the left and right myocardium. Furthermore, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein (Bax) and caspase‑3 levels were elevated and Bcl‑2 levels were decreased in the left myocardium following APE‑CA and ROSC. Treatment with the ACE inhibitor captopril for 30 min after initiation of ROSC prevented the increase in Bax and the decrease in Bcl‑2 in the left myocardium compared with that in saline‑treated pigs. Captopril also inhibited the activation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in the left myocardium. The results of the present study suggest that an imbalance in the ACE2/ACE axis has an important role in myocardial apoptosis following APE‑CA, which may be attributed to decreased ERK1/2 activation. In addition, it was indicated that captopril prevents apoptosis in the left myocardium after ROSC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Dahhan T, Alenezi F, Samad Z and Rajagopal S: Echocardiography in the risk assessment of acute pulmonary embolism. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 38:18–28. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Jiménez D, Lobo JL, Barrios D, Prandoni P and Yusen RD: Risk stratification of patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Intern Emerg Med. 11:11–18. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

White RH: The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 107(23 Suppl 1): I4–I8. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Yin Q, Li X and Li C: Thrombolysis after initially unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in presumed pulmonary embolism. Am J Emerg Med. 33:132.e1-e22015. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Sabbah HN: Apoptotic cell death in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res. 45:704–712. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

De Mello WC: Local renin angiotensin aldosterone systems and cardiovascular diseases. Med Clin North Am. 101:117–127. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Liu JJ, Li DL, Zhou J, Sun L, Zhao M, Kong SS, Wang YH, Yu XJ, Zhou J and Zang WJ: Acetylcholine prevents angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Apoptosis. 16:94–103. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Qi YF, Zhang J, Wang L, Shenoy V, Krause E, Oh SP, Pepine CJ, Katovich MJ and Raizada MK: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits high-mobility group box 1 and attenuates cardiac dysfunction post-myocardial ischemia. J Mol Med (Berl). 94:37–49. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Xiao HL, Li CS, Zhao LX, Yang J, Tong N, An L and Liu QT: Captopril improves postresuscitation hemodynamics protective against pulmonary embolism by activating the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 389:1159–1169. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Tian Y, Li H, Liu P, Xu JM, Irwin MG, Xia Z and Tian G: Captopril pretreatment produces an additive cardioprotection to isoflurane preconditioning in attenuating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits and in humans. Mediators Inflamm. 2015.819232:2015.

11 

Lei Y, Xu Q, Zeng B, Zhang W, Zhen Y, Zhai Y, Cheng F, Mei W, Zheng D, Feng J, et al: Angiotensin-(1–7) protects cardiomyocytes against high glucose-induced injuries through inhibiting reactive oxygen species-activated leptin-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 pathways, but not the leptin-c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in vitro. J Diabetes Investig. 8:434–445. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar :

12 

Le Corvoisier P, Adamy C, Sambin L, Crozatier B, Berdeaux A, Michel JB, Hittinger L and Su J: The cardiac renin-angiotensin system is responsible for high-salt diet-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in mice. Eur J Heart Fail. 12:1171–1178. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Idris AH, Becker LB, Ornato JP, Hedges JR, Bircher NG, Chandra NC, Cummins RO, Dick W, Ebmeyer U, Halperin HR, et al: Utstein-style guidelines for uniform reporting of laboratory CPR research A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the American Heart Association the American College of Emergency Physicians, the American College of Cardiology, the European Resuscitation Council, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, the Institute of Critical Care Medicine, the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. Writing Group. Circulation. 94:2324–2336. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Pantazopoulos IN, Xanthos TT, Vlachos I, Troupis G, Kotsiomitis E, Johnson E, Papalois A and Skandalakis P: Use of the impedance threshold device improves survival rate and neurological outcome in a swine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest*. Crit Care Med. 40:861–868. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Travers AH, Rea TD, Bobrow BJ, Edelson DP, Berg RA, Sayre MR, Berg MD, Chameides L, O’Connor RE and Swor RA: Part 4: CPR overview: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 122(18 Suppl 3): pp. S676–S684. 2010, View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Stadlbauer KH, Rheinberger K, Wenzel V, Raedler C, Krismer AC, Strohmenger HU, Augenstein S, Wagner-Berger HG, Voelckel WG, Lindner KH and Amann A: The effects of nifedipine on ventricular fibrillation mean frequency in a porcine model of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Anesth Analg. 97:226–230. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Wang G, Zhang Q, Yuan W, Wu J and Li C: Enalapril protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a swine model of cardiacarrest and resuscitation. Int J Mol Med. 38:1463–1473. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Rezkalla S, Kloner RA, Khatib G and Khatib R: Beneficial effects of captopril in acute coxsakievirus B3 murine myocarditis. Circulation. 81:1039–1046. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Pinsky MR: The right ventricle: Interaction with the pulmonary circulation. Crit Care. 20:2662016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kumamaru KK, George E, Ghosh N, Quesada CG, Wake N, Gerhard-Herman M and Rybicki FJ: Normal ventricular diameter ratio on CT provides adequate assessment for critical right ventricular strain among patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 32:1153–1161. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Iwai M and Horiuchi M: Role of the ACE2/angiotensin1-7/Mas axis in the cardiovascular system. Hypertens Res. 33:1108–1109. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zagorski J, Debelak J, Gellar M, Watts JA and Kline JA: Chemokines accumulate in the lungs of rats with severe pulmonary embolism induced by polystyrene microspheres. J Immunol. 171:5529–5536. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Schultz J, Andersen A, Gade IL, Ringgaard S, Kjaergaard B and Nielsen-Kudsk JE: A porcine in-vivo model of acute pulmonary embolism. Pulm Circ. 8:20458932177382172018. View Article : Google Scholar :

24 

Brain Resuscitation Clinical Trial I Study Group: A randomized clinica1 study of thiopental loading in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 314:397–403. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Brain Resuscitation Clinical Trial II Study Group: A randomized clinical study of a calcium-entry blocker(lidoflazine)in the treatment of comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 324:I225–1231. 1991.

26 

Sun XQ, Zhang R, Zhang HD, Yuan P, Wang XJ, Zhao QH, Wang L, Jiang R, Jan Bogaard H and Jing ZC: Reversal of right ventricular remodeling by dichloroacetate is related to inhibition of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Hypertens Res. 39:302–311. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Hengartner MO: The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature. 407:770–776. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Pagliara V, Saide A, Mitidieri E, d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Sorrentino R, Russo G and Russo A: 5-FU targets rpL3 to induce mitochondrial apoptosis via cystathionine-β-synthase in colon-cancer cells lacking p53. Oncotarget. 7:50333–50348. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Fabris B, Candido R, Bortoletto M, Toffoli B, Bernardi S, Stebel M, Bardelli M, Zentilin L, Giacca M and Carretta R: Stimulation of cardiac apoptosis in ovariectomized hypertensive rats: Potential role of the renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens. 29:273–281. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Zhou Li T, Yao R, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Wu C, Li W, You Q, Zhao Z, Yang XL, et al: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril reverses the adverse cardiovascular effects of polymer-ized hemoglobin. Antioxid Redox Signal. 21:2095–2108. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Zhao P, Li F, Gao W, Wang J, Fu L, Chen Y and Huang M: Angiotensin1-7 protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress by preventing ROS-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and activating the Akt signaling pathway. Acta Histochem. 117:803–810. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Wan W, Jiang X, Li X, Zhang C and Yi X: Silencing of angiotensin-converting enzyme by RNA interference prevents H9c2 cardiomyocytes from apoptosis induced by anoxia/reoxygenation through regulation of the intracellular renin-angiotensin system. Int J Mol Med. 32:1380–1386. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Qi J, Yu J, Tan Y, Chen R, Xu W, Chen Y, Lu J, Liu Q, Wu J, Gu W and Zhang M: Mechanisms of Chinese Medicine Xinmailong’s protection against heart failure in pressure-overloaded mice and cultured cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep. 7:428432017. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Li FF, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Wu QQ, Jiao R, Yang Z, Zhou MQ and Tang QZ: Pachymic acid protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosisby inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 pathways. Mol Med Rep. 12:2807–2813. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kassiri Z, Zhong J, Guo D, Basu R, Wang X, Liu PP, Scholey JW, Penninger JM and Oudit GY: Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 accelerates maladaptive left ventricular remodeling in response to myocardial infarction. Circ Heart Fail. 2:446–455. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xiao HL, Zhao LX, Yang J, Tong N, An L, Liu QT, Xie MR and Li C: Imbalance of angiotensin-converting enzymes affects myocardial apoptosis during cardiac arrest induced by acute pulmonary embolism in a porcine model. Int J Mol Med 43: 1575-1584, 2019.
APA
Xiao, H., Zhao, L., Yang, J., Tong, N., An, L., Liu, Q. ... Li, C. (2019). Imbalance of angiotensin-converting enzymes affects myocardial apoptosis during cardiac arrest induced by acute pulmonary embolism in a porcine model. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 43, 1575-1584. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4109
MLA
Xiao, H., Zhao, L., Yang, J., Tong, N., An, L., Liu, Q., Xie, M., Li, C."Imbalance of angiotensin-converting enzymes affects myocardial apoptosis during cardiac arrest induced by acute pulmonary embolism in a porcine model". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43.4 (2019): 1575-1584.
Chicago
Xiao, H., Zhao, L., Yang, J., Tong, N., An, L., Liu, Q., Xie, M., Li, C."Imbalance of angiotensin-converting enzymes affects myocardial apoptosis during cardiac arrest induced by acute pulmonary embolism in a porcine model". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43, no. 4 (2019): 1575-1584. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4109
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xiao HL, Zhao LX, Yang J, Tong N, An L, Liu QT, Xie MR and Li C: Imbalance of angiotensin-converting enzymes affects myocardial apoptosis during cardiac arrest induced by acute pulmonary embolism in a porcine model. Int J Mol Med 43: 1575-1584, 2019.
APA
Xiao, H., Zhao, L., Yang, J., Tong, N., An, L., Liu, Q. ... Li, C. (2019). Imbalance of angiotensin-converting enzymes affects myocardial apoptosis during cardiac arrest induced by acute pulmonary embolism in a porcine model. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 43, 1575-1584. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4109
MLA
Xiao, H., Zhao, L., Yang, J., Tong, N., An, L., Liu, Q., Xie, M., Li, C."Imbalance of angiotensin-converting enzymes affects myocardial apoptosis during cardiac arrest induced by acute pulmonary embolism in a porcine model". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43.4 (2019): 1575-1584.
Chicago
Xiao, H., Zhao, L., Yang, J., Tong, N., An, L., Liu, Q., Xie, M., Li, C."Imbalance of angiotensin-converting enzymes affects myocardial apoptosis during cardiac arrest induced by acute pulmonary embolism in a porcine model". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43, no. 4 (2019): 1575-1584. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4109
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team