Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
July-2019 Volume 44 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2019 Volume 44 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab inhibits chronic proliferative cholangitis by downregulating EGFR

  • Authors:
    • San‑Hu Liu
    • Xue‑Fang Chen
    • Zhi‑Bin Xie
    • Jie Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 79-88
    |
    Published online on: May 9, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4190
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

In hepatolithiasis, chronic proliferative cholangitis (CPC), an active and longstanding inflammation of stone‑containing bile ducts with enhanced mucin‑producing activity, not only affects the progression of the disease, it can also induce biliary carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody panitumumab (Pani) on CPC. Following the establishment of CPC rat models, periodic acid Schiff staining was used to observe the positive rate of EGFR expression. The expression levels of EGFR, mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), Ki‑67, type I collagen and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the activity of β‑glucuronidase (β‑G), were measured. The rats treated with Pani demonstrated a significantly lower degree of hyperproliferation of the epithelium and submucosal glands of the bile duct and collagen fibers of the bile duct wall, a significantly decreased positive rate of EGFR, reduced phosphorylation of mTOR, decreased expression of EGFR, MUC5AC, Ki‑67 and type I collagen, and reduced β‑G activity. The therapeutic effects in rats treated with 4 and 6 mg/kg of Pani were more marked than those in rats treated with 2 mg/kg of Pani. Collectively, the data obtained in the present study suggest that the EGFR monoclonal antibody Pani can effectively inhibit the excessive proliferation and stone‑forming potential of bile duct mucosa in CPC with a receptor saturation effect. Therefore, Pani offers promise as a treatment for the prevention and control of intrahepatic choledocholithiasis caused by CPC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Jiang L, Jiang LS, Yan LN, Li FY, Wang W, Cheng NS and Wen TF: Effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor genistein on proliferative cholangitis in rats. J Surg Res. 162:59–67. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Li FY, Cheng NS, Cheng JQ, Mao H, Zhou Y, Jiang LS and Li N: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen shRNA treatment attenuates chronic proliferative cholangitis in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 24:920–926. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Li FY, Cheng NS, Mao H, Jiang LS, Cheng JQ, Li QS and Munireddy S: Significance of controlling chronic proliferative cholangitis in the treatment of hepatolithiasis. World J Surg. 33:2155–2160. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Asano T, Shoda J, Ueda T, Maruyama T, Kawamoto T, Sugimoto Y, Ichikawa A and Tanaka N: Involvement of prostaglandin E2 and its specific receptor subtype EP4 in chronic proliferative cholangitis in the bile ducts of patients with hepatolithiasis. Gastroenterology. 124:A246. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Koh YX, Chiow AK, Chok AY, Lee LS, Tan SS and Ibrahim S: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: Disease characteristics and patterns of recurrence. ISRN Surg. 2013:5360812013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Li F, Cheng J, He S, Li N, Zhang M, Dong J, Jiang L, Cheng N and Xiong X: The practical value of applying chemical biliary duct embolization to chemical hepatectomy for treatment of hepatolithiasis. J Surg Res. 127:131–138. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Okines AF, Ashley SE, Cunningham D, Oates J, Turner A, Webb J, Saffery C, Chua YJ and Chau I: Epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine with or without panitumumab for advanced esophagogastric cancer: Dose-finding study for the prospective multicenter, randomized, phase II/III REAL-3 trial. J Clin Oncol. 28:3945–3950. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Di Nicolantonio F, Martini M, Molinari F, Sartore-Bianchi A, Arena S, Saletti P, De Dosso S, Mazzucchelli L, Frattini M, Siena S and Bardelli A: Wild-type BRAF is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 26:5705–5712. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Peeters M, Price TJ, Cervantes A, Sobrero AF, Ducreux M, Hotko Y, Andre T, Chan E, Lordick F, Punt CJ, et al: Randomized phase III study of panitumumab with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) compared with FOLFIRI alone as second-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 28:4706–4713. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Cohenuram M and Saif MW: Panitumumab the first fully human monoclonal antibody: From the bench to the clinic. Anticancer Drugs. 18:7–15. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Keating GM: Panitumumab: A review of its use in metastatic colorectal cancer. Drugs. 70:1059–1078. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Lacouture ME, Mitchell EP, Piperdi B, Pillai MV, Shearer H, Iannotti N, Xu F and Yassine M: Skin toxicity evaluation protocol with panitumumab (STEPP), a phase II, open-label, randomized trial evaluating the impact of a pre-Emptive Skin treatment regimen on skin toxicities and quality of life in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 28:1351–1357. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Hecht JR, Patnaik A, Berlin J, Venook A, Malik I, Tchekmedyian S, Navale L, Amado RG and Meropol NJ: Panitumumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer. 110:980–988. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Li F, Zhou Y, Cheng N, Mao H, Jiang L, Li N, Li Q, de Jong MC and Pawlik TM: Epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for anti-proliferative treatment of proliferative cholangitis in hepatolithiasis. J Surg Res. 166:87–94. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Ji YY, Wang ZD, Wang SF, Wang BT, Yang ZA, Zhou XR, Lei NN and Yue WN: Ischemic preconditioning ameliorates intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 21:8081–8088. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Li N, Xiao LJ, Chen SW, Li L, Xiao BL, Chen WB, Gao XK and Gu SJ: Mucus histochemical study of bilirubin cholangiolithiasis in rabbit model. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 20:417–420. 1989.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ho KJ, Lin XZ, Yu SC, Chen JS and Wu CZ: Cholelithiasis in Taiwan. Gallstone characteristics, surgical incidence, bile lipid composition, and role of beta-glucuronidase. Dig Dis Sci. 40:1963–1973. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Li FY, Cheng NS, Cheng JQ, Mao H, Jiang LS, Li QS and Zhou Y: Practical value of applying cdc2 kinase shRNA to chronic proliferative cholangitis in treatment of hepatolithiasis. Hepatogastroenterology. 56:1477–1482. 2009.

20 

Li FY, Cheng NS, Cheng JQ, Mao H, Jiang LS, Li N and He S: Treatment of chronic proliferative cholangitis with c-myc shRNA. World J Gastroenterol. 15:95–101. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

21 

Leone F, Cavalloni G, Pignochino Y, Sarotto I, Ferraris R, Piacibello W, Venesio T, Capussotti L, Risio M and Aglietta M: Somatic mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor in bile duct and gallbladder carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 12:1680–1685. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Miyata H, Sasaki T, Kuwahara K, Serikawa M and Chayama K: The effects of ZD1839 (Iressa), a highly selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as a radiosensitiser in bile duct carcinoma cell lines. Int J Oncol. 28:915–921. 2006.

23 

Gajadhar AS, Bogdanovic E, Munoz DM and Guha A: In situ analysis of mutant EGFRs prevalent in glioblastoma multiforme reveals aberrant dimerization, activation, and differential response to anti-EGFR targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Res. 10:428–440. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Peeters M, Balfour J and Arnold D: Review article: Panitumumab-a fully human anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 28:269–281. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Imano M, Satou T, Itoh T, Takeyama Y, Yasuda A, Peng YF, Shinkai M, Haji S, Yasuda C, Nakai T, et al: An immunohisto-chemical study of osteopontin in pigment gallstone formation. Am Surg. 76:91–95. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kim S, Schein AJ and Nadel JA: E-cadherin promotes EGFR-mediated cell differentiation and MUC5AC mucin expression in cultured human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 289:L1049–L1060. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Barbier D, Garcia-Verdugo I, Pothlichet J, Khazen R, Descamps D, Rousseau K, Thornton D, Si-Tahar M, Touqui L, Chignard M and Sallenave JM: Influenza A induces the major secreted airway mucin MUC5AC in a protease-EGFR-extracellular regulated kinase-Sp1-dependent pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 47:149–157. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Shao MX and Nadel JA: Dual oxidase 1-dependent MUC5AC mucin expression in cultured human airway epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:767–772. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Bullwinkel J, Baron-Luhr B, Ludemann A, Wohlenberg C, Gerdes J and Scholzen T: Ki-67 protein is associated with ribosomal RNA transcription in quiescent and proliferating cells. J Cell Physiol. 206:624–635. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Salehi F, Agur A, Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Lloyd RV and Cusimano M: Ki-67 in pituitary neoplasms: A review-part I. Neurosurgery. 65:429–437. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Wang P, He Y, Ma X, Sun B, Huang B, Zhu C and Liu Y: Expression and significance of COX-2 and Ki-67 in hepatolithiasis with bile duct carcinoma. Med Sci Monit. 21:2943–2949. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Liang H, Li X, Chen B, Wang B, Zhao Y, Zhuang Y, Shen H, Zhang Z and Dai J: A collagen-binding EGFR single-chain Fv antibody fragment for the targeted cancer therapy. J Control Release. 209:101–109. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Attallah AM, Mosa TE, Omran MM, Abo-Zeid MM, El-Dosoky I and Shaker YM: Immunodetection of collagen types I, II, III, and IV for differentiation of liver fibrosis stages in patients with chronic HCV. J Immunoassay Immunochem. 28:155–168. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Wu D, Peng F, Zhang B, Ingram AJ, Kelly DJ, Gilbert RE, Gao B, Kumar S and Krepinsky JC: EGFR-PLCgamma1 signaling mediates high glucose-induced PKCbeta1-Akt activation and collagen I upregulation in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 297:F822–F834. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Su YC, Cheng TC, Leu YL, Roffler SR, Wang JY, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen KC, Wang HE and Cheng TL: PET imaging of beta-glucuronidase activity by an activity-based 124I-trapping probe for the personalized glucuronide prodrug targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 13:2852–2863. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Chen M, Cheng KW, Chen YJ, Wang CH, Cheng TC, Chang KC, Kao AP and Chuang KH: Real-time imaging of intestinal bacterial β-glucuronidase activity by hydrolysis of a fluorescent probe. Sci Rep. 7:31422017. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Guertin DA and Sabatini DM: Defining the role of mTOR in cancer. Cancer Cell. 12:9–22. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Feldman ME, Apsel B, Uotila A, Loewith R, Knight ZA, Ruggero D and Shokat KM: Active-site inhibitors of mTOR target rapamycin-resistant outputs of mTORC1 and mTORC2. PLoS Biol. 7:e382009. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Schmid K, Bago-Horvath Z, Berger W, Haitel A, Cejka D, Werzowa J, Filipits M, Herberger B, Hayden H and Sieghart W: Dual inhibition of EGFR and mTOR pathways in small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 103:622–628. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu SH, Chen XF, Xie ZB and Zhou J: EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab inhibits chronic proliferative cholangitis by downregulating EGFR. Int J Mol Med 44: 79-88, 2019.
APA
Liu, S., Chen, X., Xie, Z., & Zhou, J. (2019). EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab inhibits chronic proliferative cholangitis by downregulating EGFR. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 44, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4190
MLA
Liu, S., Chen, X., Xie, Z., Zhou, J."EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab inhibits chronic proliferative cholangitis by downregulating EGFR". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 44.1 (2019): 79-88.
Chicago
Liu, S., Chen, X., Xie, Z., Zhou, J."EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab inhibits chronic proliferative cholangitis by downregulating EGFR". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 44, no. 1 (2019): 79-88. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4190
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu SH, Chen XF, Xie ZB and Zhou J: EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab inhibits chronic proliferative cholangitis by downregulating EGFR. Int J Mol Med 44: 79-88, 2019.
APA
Liu, S., Chen, X., Xie, Z., & Zhou, J. (2019). EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab inhibits chronic proliferative cholangitis by downregulating EGFR. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 44, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4190
MLA
Liu, S., Chen, X., Xie, Z., Zhou, J."EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab inhibits chronic proliferative cholangitis by downregulating EGFR". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 44.1 (2019): 79-88.
Chicago
Liu, S., Chen, X., Xie, Z., Zhou, J."EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab inhibits chronic proliferative cholangitis by downregulating EGFR". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 44, no. 1 (2019): 79-88. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4190
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team