Hypoxic mast cells accelerate the proliferation, collagen accumulation and phenotypic alteration of human lung fibroblasts

Wang,Xiang; Lin,Lianjun; Chai,Xiaoyu; Wu,Yanping; Li,Yong; Liu,Xinmin

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2019.4400

Hypoxic mast cells accelerate the proliferation, collagen accumulation and phenotypic alteration of human lung fibroblasts

Authors:
- Xiang Wang
- Lianjun Lin
- Xiaoyu Chai
- Yanping Wu
- Yong Li
- Xinmin Liu
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
Published online on: November 11, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4400
Pages: 175-185
Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Pulmonary vascular remodeling and fibrosis are the critical pathological characteristics of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Our previous study demonstrated that hypoxia is involved in the functional alteration of lung fibroblasts, but the underlying mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mast cells on the proliferation, function and phenotype of fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia facilitated proliferation and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL)‑6, in human mast cells (HMC‑1). RNA sequencing identified 2,077 upregulated and 2,418 downregulated mRNAs in human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL‑1) cultured in hypoxic conditioned medium from HMC‑1 cells compared with normoxic controls, which are involved in various pathways, including extracellular matrix organization, cell proliferation and migration. Conditioned medium from hypoxic HMC‑1 cells increased the proliferation and migration capacity of HFL‑1 and triggered phenotypic transition from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. A greater accumulation of collagen type I and III was also observed in an HFL‑1 cell culture in hypoxic conditioned medium from HMC‑1 cells, compared with HFL‑1 cells cultured in normoxic control medium. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9 and MMP‑13 was upregulated in HFL‑1 cells grown in hypoxic conditioned medium from HMC‑1 cells. Similar pathological phenomena, including accumulation of mast cells, activated collagen metabolism and vascular remodeling, were observed in a hypoxic rat model. The results of the present study provide direct evidence that the multiple effects of the hypoxic microenvironment and mast cells on fibroblasts contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling, and this process appears to be among the most important mechanisms underlying hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

View Figures

View References

1	Grimminger J, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Klose H and Grimminger F: COPD-associated pulmonary hypertension: Clinical implications and current methods for treatment. Exp Rev Respir Med. 10:755–766. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar
2	Wang Z and Chesler NC: Pulmonary vascular mechanics: Important contributors to the increased right ventricular afterload of pulmonary hypertension. Exp Physiol. 98:1267–1273. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Nakagawa Y, Kishida K, Kihara S, Funahashi T and Shimomura I: Adiponectin ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 382:183–188. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Thenappan T, Ormiston ML, Ryan JJ and Archer SL: Pulmonary arterial hypertension: Pathogenesis and clinical management. BMJ. 360:j54922018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Sluiter I, van Heijst A, Haasdijk R, Kempen MB, Boerema-de Munck A, Reiss I, Tibboel D and Rottier RJ: Reversal of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertensive rats. Exp Mol Pathol. 93:66–73. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Di Wang H, Ratsep MT, Chapman A and Boyd R: Adventitial fibroblasts in vascular structure and function: The role of oxidative stress and beyond. Canadian J Physiol Pharmacol. 88:177–186. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
7	Lerner CA, Rutagarama P, Ahmad T, Sundar IK, Elder A and Rahman I: Electronic cigarette aerosols and copper nanoparticles induce mitochondrial stress and promote DNA fragmentation in lung fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 477:620–625. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Chai X, Sun D, Han Q, Yi L, Wu Y and Liu X: Hypoxia induces pulmonary arterial fibroblast proliferation, migration, differentiation and vascular remodeling via the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med. 41:2461–2472. 2018.PubMed/NCBI
9	Marsh LM, Jandl K, Grunig G, Foris V, Bashir M, Ghanim B, Klepetko W, Olschewski H, Olschewski A and Kwapiszewska G: The inflammatory cell landscape in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 51:pii: 1701214. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar
10	Kosanovic D, Dahal BK, Peters DM, Seimetz M, Wygrecka M, Hoffmann K, Antel J, Reiss I, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, et al: Histological characterization of mast cell chymase in patients with pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm Circ. 4:128–136. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hong K, Tang W, Zhao L, Lin H, Liu D, Mao J, Wu H and Jiang H: Effects of maternal acrolein exposure during pregnancy on testicular testosterone production in fetal rats. Mol Med Rep. 16:491–498. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Kasmi El KC, Pugliese SC, Riddle SR, Poth JM, Anderson AL, Frid MG, Li M, Pullamsetti SS, Savai R, Nagel MA, et al: Adventitial fibroblasts induce a distinct proinflammatory/profibrotic macrophage phenotype in pulmonary hypertension. J Immunol. 193:597–609. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
13	Mukai K, Tsai M, Saito H and Galli SJ: Mast cells as sources of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Immunol Rev. 282:121–150. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Shi GP, Bot I and Kovanen PT: Mast cells in human and experimental cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol. 12:643–658. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Ko SC, Lee DS, Park WS, Yoo JS, Yim MJ, Qian ZJ, Lee CM, Oh J, Jung WK and Choi IW: Anti-allergic effects of a nonameric peptide isolated from the intestine gastrointestinal digests of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) in activated HMC-1 human mast cells. Int J Mol Med. 37:243–250. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Pugliese SC, Poth JM, Fini MA, Olschewski A, El Kasmi KC and Stenmark KR: The role of inflammation in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: From cellular mechanisms to clinical phenotypes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 308:L229–L252. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :
17	Moiseeva EP, Roach KM, Leyland ML and Bradding P: CADM1 is a key receptor mediating human mast cell adhesion to human lung fibroblasts and airway smooth muscle cells. PLoS One. 8:e615792013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Zhu YJ, Kradin R, Brandstetter RD, Staton G, Moss J and Hales CA: Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in the mast cell-deficient mouse. J Appl Physiol Respir Enviroc Exerci Physiol. 54:680–686. 1983.
19	Hoffmann J, Yin J, Kukucka M, Yin N, Saarikko I, Sterner-Kock A, Fujii H, Leong-Poi H, Kuppe H, Schermuly RT and Kuebler WM: Mast cells promote lung vascular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 37:1400–1410. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
20	Gulliksson M, Carvalho RF, Ulleras E and Nilsson G: Mast cell survival and mediator secretion in response to hypoxia. PLoS One. 5:e123602010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Vajner L, Vytásek R, Lachmanová V, Uhlík J, Konrádová V, Novotná J, Hampl V and Herget J: Acute and chronic hypoxia as well as 7-day recovery from chronic hypoxia affects the distribution of pulmonary mast cells and their MMP-13 expression in rats. Int J Exp Pathol. 87:383–391. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Breitling S, Hui Z, Zabini D, Hu Y, Hoffmann J, Goldenberg NM, Tabuchi A, Dos Santos C and Kuebler WM: The mast cell-B cell axis in lung vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 312:L710–L721. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Bartelds B, van Loon RLE, Mohaupt S, Wijnberg H, Dickinson MG, Boersma B, Takens J, van Albada M and Berger RMF: Mast cell inhibition improves pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 141:651–660. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
24	Haurani MJ and Pagano PJ: Adventitial fibroblast reactive oxygen species as autacrine and paracrine mediators of remodeling: Bellwether for vascular disease? Cardiovas Res. 75:679–689. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar
25	Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E, Nemenoff RA and Das M: Hypoxic activation of adventitial fibroblasts: Role in vascular remodeling. Chest. 122(6 Suppl): S326–S334. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar
26	Wygrecka M, Dahal BK, Kosanovic D, Petersen F, Taborski B, von Gerlach S, Didiasova M, Zakrzewicz D, Preissner KT, Schermuly RT and Markart P: Mast cells and fibroblasts work in concert to aggravate pulmonary fibrosis: Role of transmembrane SCF and the PAR-2/PKC-alpha/Raf-1/p44/42 signaling pathway. Am J Pathol. 182:2094–2108. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Short M, Nemenoff RA, Zawada WM, Stenmark KR and Das M: Hypoxia induces differentiation of pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 286:C416–C425. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar
28	Farkas L, Gauldie J, Voelkel NF and Kolb M: Pulmonary hypertension and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A tale of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and growth factors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 45:1–15. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
29	Thenappan T, Chan SY and Weir EK: Role of extracellular matrix in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 315:H1322–H1331. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
30	Liu P, Yan S, Chen M, Chen A, Yao D, Xu X, Cai X, Wang L and Huang X: Effects of baicalin on collagen Iota and collagen IotaIotaIota expression in pulmonary arteries of rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Int J Mol Med. 35:901–908. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
31	Estrada KD and Chesler NC: Collagen-related gene and protein expression changes in the lung in response to chronic hypoxia. Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 8:263–272. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :
32	Wang Z, Schreier DA, Abid H, Hacker TA and Chesler NC: Pulmonary vascular collagen content, not cross-linking, contributes to right ventricular pulsatile afterload and overload in early pulmonary hypertension. J Appl Physiol (1985). 122:253–263. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar :
33	Safdar Z, Tamez E, Frost A, Guffey D, Minard CG and Entman ML: Collagen metabolism biomarkers and health related quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Cardiovas Res. 4:2015.
34	George J and D'Armiento J: Transgenic expression of human matrix metalloproteinase-9 augments monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice. J Hypertens. 29:299–308. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
35	Safdar Z, Tamez E, Chan W, Arya B, Ge Y, Deswal A, Bozkurt B, Frost A and Entman M: Circulating collagen biomarkers as indicators of disease severity in pulmonary arterial hypertension. JACC Heart Fail. 2:412–421. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI