Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
April-2020 Volume 45 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2020 Volume 45 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes

Corrigendum in: /10.3892/ijmm.2020.4786
Corrigendum in: /10.3892/ijmm.2022.5085
  • Authors:
    • Yubiao Zhang
    • Weisong Cai
    • Guangtao Han
    • Siqi Zhou
    • Jianping Li
    • Mao Chen
    • Haohuan Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1225-1236
    |
    Published online on: February 6, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4491
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are active extracts obtained from the P. notoginseng plant. PNS exhibit various anti‑inflammatory, anti‑oxidant and anti‑aging pharmacological properties in some cells. However, the effects of PNS on senescence and apoptosis in chondrocytes have not been studied to date. In the present study, whether PNS could limit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α‑induced senescence and apoptosis in chondrocytes and whether they could slow down cartilage degeneration in a surgery‑induced rat osteoarthritis (OA) model by regulating the phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K)‑protein kinase B (AKT)‑mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was examined. A potential mechanism underlying these effects was further elucidated. The present in vitro experiments showed that PNS significantly inhibited senescence and apoptosis in OA chondrocytes and prevented a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and excessive mitochondrial permeability. In addition, the expression levels of autophagy‑related proteins and the anti‑apoptotic protein Bcl‑2 were significantly increased in PNS‑treated OA chondrocytes, but the expression levels of Bax and caspase‑3 were decreased; these effects were concentration‑dependent. TNF‑α significantly increased the expression of p‑PI3K/p‑AKT/p‑mTOR in OA chondrocytes, whereas PNS reduced PI3K, AKT and mTOR phosphorylation. The results of the in vivo experiments demonstrated that PNS significantly inhibited the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR signaling pathway and collagen II degradation, as well as reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑3 and MMP‑13 expression in chondrocytes in a rat OA model, thus attenuating cartilage destruction in OA. The results obtained in the rat model were consistent with the in vitro experimental results. Furthermore, histological analyses and ultrastructural observations confirmed these results. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that PNS may protect osteoarthritic chondrocytes from senescence and apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K‑AKT pathway, thus delaying the degradation of articular cartilage.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Guilak F, Nims RJ, Dicks A, Wu CL and Meulenbelt I: Osteoarthritis as a disease of the cartilage pericellular matrix. Matrix Biol. 71-72:40–50. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Rahmati M, Mobasheri A and Mozafari M: Reply to 'Comment on: Inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis: A critical review of the state-of-the art, prospects, and future challenges'. Bone. 105:3112017. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Englund M, Guermazi A, Gale D, Hunter DJ, Aliabadi P, Clancy M and Felson DT: Incidental meniscal findings on knee MRI in middle-aged and elderly persons. N Engl J Med. 359:1108–1115. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Prieto-Alhambra D, Judge A, Javaid MK, Cooper C, Diez-Perez A and Arden NK: Incidence and risk factors for clinically diagnosed knee, hip and hand osteoarthritis: Influences of age, gender and osteoarthritis affecting other joints. Ann Rheum Dis. 73:1659–1664. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Greene MA and Loeser RF: Aging-related inflammation in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 23:1966–1971. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

McCulloc K, Litherland GJ and Rai TS: Cellular senescence in osteoarthritis pathology. Aging Cell. 16:210–218. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Jeon OH, David N, Campisi J and Elisseeff JH: Senescent cells and osteoarthritis: A painful connection. J Clin Invest. 128:1229–1237. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Calcinotto A, Kohli J, Zagato E, Pellegrini L, Demaria M and Alimonti A: Cellular senescence: Aging, cancer, and injury. Physiol Rev. 99:1047–1078. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Wodarz D: Effect of stem cell turnover rates on protection against cancer and aging. J Theor Biol. 245:449–458. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Goessler UR, Bieback K, Bugert P, Heller T, Sadick H, Hörmann K and Riedel F: In vitro analysis of integrin expression during chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes upon dedifferentiation in cell culture. Int J Mol Med. 17:301–307. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Hou A, Chen P, Tang H, Meng H, Cheng X, Wang Y, Zhang Y and Peng J: Cellular senescence in osteoarthritis and anti-aging strategies. Mech Ageing Dev. 175:83–87. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Ashkavand Z, Malekinejad H and Vishwanath BS: The patho-physiology of osteoarthritis. J Pharm Res. 7:132–138. 2013.

13 

Muñoz-Espín D and Serrano M: Cellular senescence: From physiology to pathology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15:482–496. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Levine B and Kroemer G: Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease. Cell. 132:27–42. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

LoPiccolo J, Blumenthal GM, Bernstein WB and Dennis PA: Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: Effective combinations and clinical considerations. Drug Resist Update. 11:32–50. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Jones SA, Mills KH and Harris J: Autophagy and inflammatory diseases. Immunol Cell Biol. 91:250–258. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Chen Z, Jin T and Lu Y: AntimiR-30b inhibits TNF-α mediated apoptosis and attenuated cartilage degradation through enhancing autophagy. Cell Physiol Biochem. 40:883–894. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Choi AM, Ryter SW and Levine B: Autophagy in human health and disease. N Engl J Med. 368:651–662. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Green DR, Galluzzi L and Kroemer G: Mitochondria and the autophagy-inflammation-cell death axis in organismal aging. Science. 333:1109–1112. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Duan L, Xiong X, Hu J, Liu Y, Li J and Wang J: Panax notoginseng saponins for treating coronary artery disease: A functional and mechanistic overview. Front Pharmacol. 8:7022017. View Article : Google Scholar :

21 

Haiping Z, Ziping H, Guangwen L, Sijia Z and Yumin L: Therapeutic potential and cellular mechanisms of Panax notoginseng on prevention of aging and cell senescence-associated diseases. Aging Dis. 8:721–739. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Xu ZM, Li CB, Liu QL, Li P and Yang H: Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through the inhibition of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Int J Mol Sci. 19:E36582018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Zhou P, Weijie X, He S, Sun Y, Meng X, Sun G and Sun X: Ginsenoside Rb1 as an anti-diabetic agent and its underlying mechanism analysis. Cells. 8:2042019. View Article : Google Scholar :

24 

Liu MW, Wei R, Su MX, Li H, Fang TW and Zhang W: Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on severe acute pancreatitis through the regulation of mTOR/Akt and caspase-3 signaling pathway by upregulating miR-181b expression in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 18:512018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Kikuchi M, Matsuura K, Matsumoto Y, Inagaki T and Ueda R: Bibliographical investigation of complementary alternative medicines for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 9:29–40. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Marcus DM: Therapy: Herbals and supplements for rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 5:299–300. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wang T, Guo R, Zhou G, Zhou X, Kou Z, Sui F, Li C, Tang L and Wang Z: Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F H Chen: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 188:234–258. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Rhule A, Navarro S, Smith JR and Shepherd DM: Panax notoginseng attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 106:121–128. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Peng XD, Dai LL, Huang CQ, He CM, Yang B and Chen LJ: Relationship between anti-fibrotic effect of Panax notoginseng saponins and serum cytokines in rat hepatic fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 388:31–34. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Qiang H, Zhang C, Shi ZB, Yang HQ and Wang KZ: Protective effects and mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins on oxidative stress-induced damage and apoptosis of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells. Chin J Integr Med. 16:525–530. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Youle RJ and Narendra DP: Mechanisms of mitophagy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 12:9–14. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Zhang Y, Vasheghani F, Li YH, Blati M, Simeone K, Fahmi H, Lussier B, Roughley P, Lagares D, Pelletier JP, et al: Cartilage-specific deletion of mTOR upregulates autophagy and protects mice from osteoarthritis. J Ann Rheum Dis. 74:1432–1440. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

López de Figueroa P, Lotz MK, Blanco FJ and Caramés B: Autophagy activation protects from mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67:966–976. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Jung CH, Ro SH, Cao J, Otto NM and Kim DH: mTOR regulation of autophagy. FEBS Lett. 584:1287–1295. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Xue JF, Shi ZM, Zou J and Li XL: Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway promotes autophagy of articular chondrocytes and attenuates inflammatory response in rats with osteoarthritis. Biomed Pharmacother. 89:1252–1261. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Pal B, Endisha H, Zhang Y and Kapoor M: Mtor: A potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis? Drugs R D. 15:27–36. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Caramés B, Hasegawa A, Taniguchi N, Miyaki S, Blanco FJ and Lotz M: Autophagy activation by rapamycin reduces severity of experimental osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 71:575–581. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

39 

Kapoor M, Martelpelletier J, Lajeunesse D, Pelletier JP and Fahmi H: Role of proinflammatory cytokines in the patho-physiology of osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 7:33–42. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Gianluigi Z, Paola T, Paolo R, Simona G, Luigino B and Antonio L: Systemic and nonrenal adverse effects occurring in renal transplant patients treated with mTOR inhibitors. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013:4032802013.

41 

Fosang AJ and Little CB: Drug insight: Aggrecanases as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 4:420–427. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Creel PA: Management of mTOR inhibitor side effects. J Clin J Oncol Nurs. 13(Suppl): S19–S23. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Mandl LA: Osteoarthritis year in review 2018: Clinical. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 27:359–364. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Miyaki S and Lotz MK: Extracellular vesicles in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 30:129–135. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar :

45 

Rai MF, Cotton R and Sandell LJ: Chemokines modulate chondrocyte homeostasis: Implications in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 20(Suppl): S2402012. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Y, Cai W, Han G, Zhou S, Li J, Chen M and Li H: Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2020.4786 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2022.5085. Int J Mol Med 45: 1225-1236, 2020.
APA
Zhang, Y., Cai, W., Han, G., Zhou, S., Li, J., Chen, M., & Li, H. (2020). Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2020.4786 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2022.5085. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 45, 1225-1236. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4491
MLA
Zhang, Y., Cai, W., Han, G., Zhou, S., Li, J., Chen, M., Li, H."Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2020.4786 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2022.5085". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 45.4 (2020): 1225-1236.
Chicago
Zhang, Y., Cai, W., Han, G., Zhou, S., Li, J., Chen, M., Li, H."Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2020.4786 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2022.5085". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 45, no. 4 (2020): 1225-1236. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4491
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Y, Cai W, Han G, Zhou S, Li J, Chen M and Li H: Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2020.4786 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2022.5085. Int J Mol Med 45: 1225-1236, 2020.
APA
Zhang, Y., Cai, W., Han, G., Zhou, S., Li, J., Chen, M., & Li, H. (2020). Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2020.4786 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2022.5085. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 45, 1225-1236. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4491
MLA
Zhang, Y., Cai, W., Han, G., Zhou, S., Li, J., Chen, M., Li, H."Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2020.4786 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2022.5085". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 45.4 (2020): 1225-1236.
Chicago
Zhang, Y., Cai, W., Han, G., Zhou, S., Li, J., Chen, M., Li, H."Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2020.4786 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ijmm.2022.5085". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 45, no. 4 (2020): 1225-1236. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4491
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team