Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 46 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 46 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Yi‑Feng Yuan
    • Wen‑Xiong Zhu
    • Tao Liu
    • Ju‑Qiao He
    • Qing Zhou
    • Xing Zhou
    • Xi Zhang
    • Jing Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yuan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 311-319
    |
    Published online on: April 8, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4569
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Stromal‑epithelial interaction serves a pivotal role in normal prostate growth, as well as the onset of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The present study aimed to explore the role of cyclopamine in the proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial and stromal cells in rats with BPH by blocking the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Cyclopamine (an inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway) was administered in a rat model of BPH, and the expression of Ki67 (proliferation factor) was determined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, epithelial and stromal cells were separated and cultured in order to investigate the role of cyclopamine in the progression of BPH. The expression of Hedgehog signaling pathway‑ and apoptosis‑related genes, including basic fibroblastic growth factor (b‑FGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF‑β), was evaluated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using an MTT assay and flow cytometry. We identified upregulated Ki67 expression and activated Hedgehog signaling pathway in rats with BPH. Cyclopamine inhibited the activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In response to cyclopamine treatment, epithelial and stromal cell proliferation was inhibited; this was concomitant with decreased Ki67, TGF‑β, and b‑FGF expression. On the other hand, epithelial cell apoptosis was enhanced, which was associated with increased Bax and reduced Bcl‑2 expression. Based on these findings, we proposed that cyclopamine may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of BPH. Cyclopamine could inhibit epithelial and stromal cell proliferation, and induce epithelial cell apoptosis by suppressing the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Kristal AR, Arnold KB, Schenk JM, Neuhouser ML, Goodman P, Penson DF and Thompson IM: Dietary patterns, supplement use, and the risk of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: Results from the prostate cancer prevention trial. Am J Epidemiol. 167:925–934. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

De Nunzio C, Kramer G, Marberger M, Montironi R, Nelson W, Schröder F, Sciarra A and Tubaro A: The controversial relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: The role of inflammation. Eur Urol. 60:106–117. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

McVary KT, Roehrborn CG, Avins AL, Barry MJ, Bruskewitz RC, Donnell RF, Foster HE Jr, Gonzalez CM, Kaplan SA, Penson DF, et al: Update on AUA guideline on the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 185:1793–1803. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Neuhouser ML, Schenk J, Song YJ, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Pollak M, Penson DF, Thompson IM and Kristal AR: Insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and risk of benign prostate hyperplasia in the prostate cancer prevention trial. Prostate. 68:1477–1486. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Kaplan SA, Walmsley K and Te AE: Tolterodine extended release attenuates lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 174:2273–2275; discussion 2275-2276. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Keehn A, Taylor J and Lowe FC: Phytotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Urol Rep. 17:532016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ok CY, Singh RR and Vega F: Aberrant activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway in malignant hematological neoplasms. Am J Pathol. 180:2–11. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

8 

Yoo YA, Kang MH, Kim JS and Oh SC: Sonic hedgehog signaling promotes motility and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells through TGF-beta-mediated activation of the ALK5-Smad 3 pathway. Carcinogenesis. 29:480–490. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Chen Q, Gao G and Luo S: Hedgehog signaling pathway and ovarian cancer. Chin J Cancer Res. 25:346–353. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Taylor R, Long J, Yoon JW, Childs R, Sylvestersen KB, Nielsen ML, Leong KF, Iannaccone S, Walterhouse DO, Robbins DJ and Iannaccone P: Regulation of GLI1 by cis DNA elements and epigenetic marks. DNA Repair (Amst). 79:10–21. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Skoda AM, Simovic D, Karin V, Kardum V, Vranic S and Serman L: The role of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer: A comprehensive review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 18:8–20. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar :

12 

Bar EE, Chaudhry A, Lin A, Fan X, Schreck K, Matsui W, Piccirillo S, Vescovi AL, DiMeco F, Olivi A and Eberhart CG: Cyclopamine-mediated hedgehog pathway inhibition depletes stem-like cancer cells in glioblastoma. Stem Cells. 25:2524–2533. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kumar SK, Roy I, Anchoori RK, Fazli S, Maitra A, Beachy PA and Khan SR: Targeted inhibition of hedgehog signaling by cyclopamine prodrugs for advanced prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem. 16:2764–2768. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Atkins D, Reiffen KA, Tegtmeier CL, Winther H, Bonato MS and Störkel S: Immunohistochemical detection of EGFR in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues: Variation in staining intensity due to choice of fixative and storage time of tissue sections. J Histochem Cytochem. 52:893–901. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhang X, Harrington N, Moraes RC, Wu MF, Hilsenbeck SG and Lewis MT: Cyclopamine inhibition of human breast cancer cell growth independent of Smoothened (Smo). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 115:505–521. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Slusarz A, Shenouda NS, Sakla MS, Drenkhahn SK, Narula AS, MacDonald RS, Besch-Williford CL and Lubahn DB: Common botanical compounds inhibit the hedgehog signaling pathway in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 70:3382–3390. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Chen JK, Taipale J, Cooper MK and Beachy PA: Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling by direct binding of cyclopamine to Smoothened. Genes Dev. 16:2743–2748. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Palumbo A, Casanova LM, Corrêa MFP, Da Costa NM, Nasciutti LE and Costa SS: Potential therapeutic effects of underground parts of Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri on benign prostatic hyperplasia. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019:63407572019. View Article : Google Scholar :

19 

Kogan-Sakin I, Cohen M, Paland N, Madar S, Solomon H, Molchadsky A, Brosh R, Buganim Y, Goldfinger N, Klocker H, et al: Prostate stromal cells produce CXCL-1, CXCL-2, CXCL-3 and IL-8 in response to epithelia-secreted IL-1. Carcinogenesis. 30:698–705. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Liu XY, Liu X, Xu L, Gui B, Yang QY, Yan JY and Sun ZY: A mathematical model for predicting putative association between E2/T ratio and the development of benign prostate hyperplasia in rats. Biol Reprod. 100:133–138. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Shaw A and Bushman W: Hedgehog signaling in the prostate. J Urol. 177:832–838. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Wang L, Yang JR, Yang LY and Liu ZT: Chronic inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia: Implications for therapy. Med Hypotheses. 70:1021–1023. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Kobayashi S, Tomiyama Y, Tatemichi S, Hoyano Y, Kobayashi M and Yamazaki Y: Effects of silodosin and tamsulosin on the urethra and cardiovascular system in young and old dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur J Pharmacol. 613:135–140. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Adisa JO, Egbujo EC, Ibrahim B, Musa B and Madukwe J: Expression of some selected cytokeratins and Ki67 protein in prostatic tumor: Can these be used as tumor markers. Pan Afr Med J. 20:462015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Seligson DB, Yu H, Tze S, Said J, Pantuck AJ, Cohen P and Lee KW: IGFBP-3 nuclear localization predicts human prostate cancer recurrence. Horm Cancer. 4:12–23. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar :

27 

Fonseca-Alves CE, Kobayashi PE, Palmieri C and Laufer-Amorim R: Investigation of c-KIT and Ki67 expression in normal, preneoplastic and neoplastic canine prostate. BMC Vet Res. 13:3802017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Zheng H, Xu W, Lin J, Peng J and Hong Z: Qianliening capsule treats benign prostatic hyperplasia via induction of prostatic cell apoptosis. Mol Med Rep. 7:848–854. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Vezina CM and Bushman AW: Hedgehog signaling in prostate growth and benign prostate hyperplasia. Curr Urol Rep. 8:275–280. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Wang X, Fan G, Wei F, Bu Y and Huang W: Hyperoside protects rat ovarian granulosa cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury by sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact. 310:1087592019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Sharma A, De R, Javed S, Srinivasan R, Pal A and Bhattacharyya S: Sonic hedgehog pathway activation regulates cervical cancer stem cell characteristics during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. J Cell Physiol Feb. 4:Epub ahead of print.

32 

Penna G, Fibbi B, Amuchastegui S, Corsiero E, Laverny G, Silvestrini E, Chavalmane A, Morelli A, Sarchielli E, Vannelli GB, et al: The vitamin D receptor agonist elocalcitol inhibits IL-8-dependent benign prostatic hyperplasia stromal cell proliferation and inflammatory response by targeting the RhoA/Rho kinase and NF-kappaB pathways. Prostate. 69:480–493. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Oue T, Yoneda A, Uehara S, Yamanaka H and Fukuzawa M: Increased expression of the hedgehog signaling pathway in pediatric solid malignancies. J Pediatr Surg. 45:387–392. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Lin J, Zhou J, Xu W, Hong Z and Peng J: Qianliening capsule inhibits benign prostatic hyperplasia angiogenesis via the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med. 8:118–124. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Iacopino F, Angelucci C, Lama G, Zelano G, La Torre G, D'Addessi A, Giovannini C, Bertaccini A, Macaluso MP, Martorana G and Sica G: Apoptosis-related gene expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 26:1849–1854. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Shariat SF, Ashfaq R, Roehrborn CG, Slawin KM and Lotan Y: Expression of survivin and apoptotic biomarkers in benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 174:2046–2050. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Shum CF, Lau W and Teo CPC: Medical therapy for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: α-1 antagonists, 5α reductase inhibitors and their combination. Asian J Urol. 4:185–190. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Zhang G, Zhu F, Han G, Li Z, Yu Q, Li Z and Li J: Silencing of URG11 expression inhibits the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in benign prostatic hyperplasia cells via the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Mol Med Rep. 18:391–398. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Wang Z, Xiao X, Ge R, Li J, Johnson CW, Rassoulian C and Olumi AF: Metformin inhibits the proliferation of benign prostatic epithelial cells. PLoS One. 12:e01733352017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yuan YF, Zhu WX, Liu T, He JQ, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zhang X and Yang J: Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 46: 311-319, 2020.
APA
Yuan, Y., Zhu, W., Liu, T., He, J., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X. ... Yang, J. (2020). Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 311-319. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4569
MLA
Yuan, Y., Zhu, W., Liu, T., He, J., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., Zhang, X., Yang, J."Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.1 (2020): 311-319.
Chicago
Yuan, Y., Zhu, W., Liu, T., He, J., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., Zhang, X., Yang, J."Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 1 (2020): 311-319. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4569
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yuan YF, Zhu WX, Liu T, He JQ, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zhang X and Yang J: Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 46: 311-319, 2020.
APA
Yuan, Y., Zhu, W., Liu, T., He, J., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X. ... Yang, J. (2020). Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 311-319. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4569
MLA
Yuan, Y., Zhu, W., Liu, T., He, J., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., Zhang, X., Yang, J."Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.1 (2020): 311-319.
Chicago
Yuan, Y., Zhu, W., Liu, T., He, J., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., Zhang, X., Yang, J."Cyclopamine functions as a suppressor of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inhibiting epithelial and stromal cell proliferation via suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 1 (2020): 311-319. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4569
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team