Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)

Calina,Daniela; Docea,Anca Oana; Petrakis,Demetrios; Egorov,Alex M.; Ishmukhametov,Aydar A.; Gabibov,Alexsandr G.; Shtilman,Michael I.; Kostoff,Ronald; Carvalho,Félix; Vinceti,Marco; Spandidos,Demetrios A.; Tsatsakis,Aristidis

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4596

Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)

Authors:
- Daniela Calina
- Anca Oana Docea
- Demetrios Petrakis
- Alex M. Egorov
- Aydar A. Ishmukhametov
- Alexsandr G. Gabibov
- Michael I. Shtilman
- Ronald Kostoff
- Félix Carvalho
- Marco Vinceti
- Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, FSBSI ‘Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune‑ and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences’, 108819 Moscow, Russia, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‑313 Porto, Portugal, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125 Modena, Italy, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
Published online on: May 6, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4596
Pages: 3-16
Copyright: © Calina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

In the current context of the pandemic triggered by SARS-COV-2, the immunization of the population through vaccination is recognized as a public health priority. In the case of SARS‑COV‑2, the genetic sequencing was done quickly, in one month. Since then, worldwide research has focused on obtaining a vaccine. This has a major economic impact because new technological platforms and advanced genetic engineering procedures are required to obtain a COVID‑19 vaccine. The most difficult scientific challenge for this future vaccine obtained in the laboratory is the proof of clinical safety and efficacy. The biggest challenge of manufacturing is the construction and validation of production platforms capable of making the vaccine on a large scale.

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