Antihypertensive activity of oleanolic acid is mediated via downregulation of secretory phospholipase A2 and fatty acid synthase in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Zhang,Shiming; Liu,Yuecheng; Wang,Xiaoming; Tian,Zhenhua; Qi,Dongmei; Li,Yunlun; Jiang,Haiqiang

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4744

Antihypertensive activity of oleanolic acid is mediated via downregulation of secretory phospholipase A2 and fatty acid synthase in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Authors:
- Shiming Zhang
- Yuecheng Liu
- Xiaoming Wang
- Zhenhua Tian
- Dongmei Qi
- Yunlun Li
- Haiqiang Jiang
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Affiliations: Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
Published online on: September 30, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4744
Pages: 2019-2034
Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Oleanolic acid (OA) is reported to possess antihypertensive activity via the regulation of lipid metabolism; however, the mechanisms underlying lipid regulation by OA are yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms via which OA regulates lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) via ultra‑performance liquid chromatography‑quadrupole/Orbitrap‑mass spectrometry (MS)‑based lipidomics analysis. SHRs were treated with OA (1.08 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The liver tissues were excised, homogenized in dichloromethane and centrifuged, and subsequently the supernatant layer was collected and concentrated under vacuum to dryness. The dichloromethane extract was subjected to MS analysis and database searching, and comparison of standards was performed to identify potential biomarkers. Partial least squares‑discriminant analysis performed on the liver lipidome revealed a total of 14 endogenous metabolites that were significantly changed in the SHR model group (SH group) compared with Wistar Kyoto rats [normal control (NC group)], including glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and glycerides. Heatmaps revealed that the liver lipid profiles in the OA group were clustered more closely compared with those observed in the NC group, indicating that the antihypertensive effect of OA was mediated via regulation of liver lipid metabolites. It was observed that the protein levels of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were increased in the SH group compared with the NC group. In addition, the levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and triglycerides in the liver were elevated, whereas the levels of low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol were reduced in the SH group. Upon treatment with OA, the mRNA and protein levels of PLA2 and FAS were observed to be downregulated. Collectively, the present study indicated that the antihypertensive activity of OA was mediated via downregulation of sPLA2 and FAS in SHRs, and that treatment with OA resulted in significant improvements in blood pressure and associated abnormalities in the lipid metabolites.

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