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Review Open Access

Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Marilena Vlachou
    • Angeliki Siamidi
    • Aikaterini Dedeloudi
    • Sofia K. Konstantinidou
    • Ioannis P. Papanastasiou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
    Copyright: © Vlachou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 47
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    Published online on: February 9, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4880
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Abstract

The beneficial properties of the pineal hormone, melatonin, as a neuroprotective and cardioprotective agent, have been previously identified. Furthermore, melatonin plays essential roles in biological rhythms resynchronization, sleep initiation/maintenance and metabolic, ocular, rheumatological diseases. In addition to these functions, melatonin is known to exert immunomodulation, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑oxidative effects. Due to these properties, coupled with its non‑toxic nature, melatonin has been suggested to limit viral infections; however, melatonin cannot be classified as a viricidal drug. In addition, the recent increase in the number of clinical trials on melatonin's role, as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19, has resurged the interest of the scientific community in this hormone. The present short review aimed to improve the understanding of the antiviral/anti‑COVID‑19 profile of melatonin and the clinical trials that have recently been conducted, with respect to its co‑administration in treating individuals with COVID‑19.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Vlachou M, Siamidi A, Dedeloudi A, Konstantinidou SK and Papanastasiou IP: Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 47: 47, 2021.
APA
Vlachou, M., Siamidi, A., Dedeloudi, A., Konstantinidou, S.K., & Papanastasiou, I.P. (2021). Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 47, 47. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4880
MLA
Vlachou, M., Siamidi, A., Dedeloudi, A., Konstantinidou, S. K., Papanastasiou, I. P."Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47.4 (2021): 47.
Chicago
Vlachou, M., Siamidi, A., Dedeloudi, A., Konstantinidou, S. K., Papanastasiou, I. P."Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47, no. 4 (2021): 47. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4880
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Vlachou M, Siamidi A, Dedeloudi A, Konstantinidou SK and Papanastasiou IP: Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 47: 47, 2021.
APA
Vlachou, M., Siamidi, A., Dedeloudi, A., Konstantinidou, S.K., & Papanastasiou, I.P. (2021). Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 47, 47. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4880
MLA
Vlachou, M., Siamidi, A., Dedeloudi, A., Konstantinidou, S. K., Papanastasiou, I. P."Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47.4 (2021): 47.
Chicago
Vlachou, M., Siamidi, A., Dedeloudi, A., Konstantinidou, S. K., Papanastasiou, I. P."Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47, no. 4 (2021): 47. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4880
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