Open Access

Challenges and perspectives for immunotherapy in oesophageal cancer: A look to the future (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Andrea Lampis
    • Margherita Ratti
    • Michele Ghidini
    • Milko B. Mirchev
    • Ali Fuat Okuducu
    • Nicola Valeri
    • Jens Claus Hahne
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: April 8, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4930
  • Article Number: 97
  • Copyright : © Lampis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].

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Abstract

Oesophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options, thus resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. With 5‑year survival rates of only 5‑10%, oesophageal cancer holds a dismal prognosis for patients. In order to improve overall survival, the early diagnosis and tools for patient stratification for personalized treatment are urgent needs. A minority of oesophageal cancers belong to the spectrum of Lynch syndrome‑associated cancers and are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI). Microsatellite instability is a consequence of defective mismatch repair protein functions and it has been well characterized in other gastrointestinal tumours, such as colorectal and gastric cancer. In the latter, high levels of MSI are associated with a better prognosis and with an increased benefit to immune‑based therapies. Therefore, similar therapeutic approaches could offer an opportunity of treatment for oesophageal cancer patients with MSI. Apart from immune checkpoint inhibitors, other immunotherapies such as adoptive T‑cell transfer, peptide vaccine and oncolytic viruses are under investigation in oesophageal cancer patients. In the present review, the rationale and current knowledge about immunotherapies in oesophageal cancer are summarised.
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June-2021
Volume 47 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Lampis A, Ratti M, Ghidini M, Mirchev MB, Okuducu AF, Valeri N and Hahne JC: Challenges and perspectives for immunotherapy in oesophageal cancer: A look to the future (Review). Int J Mol Med 47: 97, 2021
APA
Lampis, A., Ratti, M., Ghidini, M., Mirchev, M.B., Okuducu, A.F., Valeri, N., & Hahne, J.C. (2021). Challenges and perspectives for immunotherapy in oesophageal cancer: A look to the future (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 47, 97. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4930
MLA
Lampis, A., Ratti, M., Ghidini, M., Mirchev, M. B., Okuducu, A. F., Valeri, N., Hahne, J. C."Challenges and perspectives for immunotherapy in oesophageal cancer: A look to the future (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47.6 (2021): 97.
Chicago
Lampis, A., Ratti, M., Ghidini, M., Mirchev, M. B., Okuducu, A. F., Valeri, N., Hahne, J. C."Challenges and perspectives for immunotherapy in oesophageal cancer: A look to the future (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47, no. 6 (2021): 97. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4930