Open Access

Current and innovative methods for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Luca Falzone
    • Giuseppe Gattuso
    • Aristidis Tsatsakis
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Massimo Libra
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: April 12, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4933
  • Article Number: 100
  • Copyright: © Falzone et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic has forced the scientific community to rapidly develop highly reliable diagnostic methods in order to effectively and accurately diagnose this pathology, thus limiting the spread of infection. Although the structural and molecular characteristics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) were initially unknown, various diagnostic strategies useful for making a correct diagnosis of COVID‑19 have been rapidly developed by private research laboratories and biomedical companies. At present, rapid antigen or antibody tests, immunoenzymatic serological tests and molecular tests based on RT‑PCR are the most widely used and validated techniques worldwide. Apart from these conventional methods, other techniques, including isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas (CRISPR/Cas)‑based approaches or digital PCR methods are currently used in research contexts or are awaiting approval for diagnostic use by competent authorities. In order to provide guidance for the correct use of COVID‑19 diagnostic tests, the present review describes the diagnostic strategies available which may be used for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection in both clinical and research settings. In particular, the technical and instrumental characteristics of the diagnostic methods used are described herein. In addition, updated and detailed information about the type of sample, the modality and the timing of use of specific tests are also discussed.
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June-2021
Volume 47 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Falzone L, Gattuso G, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA and Libra M: Current and innovative methods for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection (Review). Int J Mol Med 47: 100, 2021
APA
Falzone, L., Gattuso, G., Tsatsakis, A., Spandidos, D.A., & Libra, M. (2021). Current and innovative methods for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 47, 100. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4933
MLA
Falzone, L., Gattuso, G., Tsatsakis, A., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Current and innovative methods for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47.6 (2021): 100.
Chicago
Falzone, L., Gattuso, G., Tsatsakis, A., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Current and innovative methods for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47, no. 6 (2021): 100. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4933