Tumor necrosis factor‑α in systemic lupus erythematosus: Structure, function and therapeutic implications (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Farid Ghorbaninezhad
    • Patrizia Leone
    • Hajar Alemohammad
    • Basira Najafzadeh
    • Niloufar Sadat Nourbakhsh
    • Marcella Prete
    • Eleonora Malerba
    • Hossein Saeedi
    • Neda Jalili Tabrizi
    • Vito Racanelli
    • Behzad Baradaran
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 4, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5098
  • Article Number: 43
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Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) is a pleiotropic pro‑inflammatory cytokine that contributes to the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The specific role of TNF‑α in autoimmunity is not yet fully understood however, partially, in a complex disease such as SLE. Through the engagement of the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), both the two variants, soluble and transmembrane TNF‑α, can exert multiple biological effects according to different settings. They can either function as immune regulators, impacting B‑, T‑ and dendritic cell activity, modulating the autoimmune response, or as pro‑inflammatory mediators, regulating the induction and maintenance of inflammatory processes in SLE. The present study reviews the dual role of TNF‑α, focusing on the different effects that TNF‑α may have on the pathogenesis of SLE. In addition, the efficacy and safety of anti‑TNF‑α therapies in preclinical and clinical trials SLE are discussed.
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April-2022
Volume 49 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Ghorbaninezhad F, Leone P, Alemohammad H, Najafzadeh B, Nourbakhsh NS, Prete M, Malerba E, Saeedi H, Tabrizi NJ, Racanelli V, Racanelli V, et al: Tumor necrosis factor‑α in systemic lupus erythematosus: Structure, function and therapeutic implications (Review). Int J Mol Med 49: 43, 2022
APA
Ghorbaninezhad, F., Leone, P., Alemohammad, H., Najafzadeh, B., Nourbakhsh, N.S., Prete, M. ... Baradaran, B. (2022). Tumor necrosis factor‑α in systemic lupus erythematosus: Structure, function and therapeutic implications (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 49, 43. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5098
MLA
Ghorbaninezhad, F., Leone, P., Alemohammad, H., Najafzadeh, B., Nourbakhsh, N. S., Prete, M., Malerba, E., Saeedi, H., Tabrizi, N. J., Racanelli, V., Baradaran, B."Tumor necrosis factor‑α in systemic lupus erythematosus: Structure, function and therapeutic implications (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49.4 (2022): 43.
Chicago
Ghorbaninezhad, F., Leone, P., Alemohammad, H., Najafzadeh, B., Nourbakhsh, N. S., Prete, M., Malerba, E., Saeedi, H., Tabrizi, N. J., Racanelli, V., Baradaran, B."Tumor necrosis factor‑α in systemic lupus erythematosus: Structure, function and therapeutic implications (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49, no. 4 (2022): 43. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5098