Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
April-2022 Volume 49 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2022 Volume 49 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells

  • Authors:
    • So-Hee Han
    • Jae-Han Lee
    • Joong-Seok Woo
    • Gi-Hwan Jung
    • Soo-Hyun Jung
    • Eun-Ji Han
    • Young-Seok Park
    • Byeong-Soo Kim
    • Sang-Ki Kim
    • Byung-Kwon Park
    • Changsun Choi
    • Ji-Youn Jung
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-eup, Chungcheongnamdo 32439, Republic of Korea, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung‑ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 54
    |
    Published online on: February 25, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5110
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Myricetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, is known to have antioxidant and anticancer effects. However, the anticancer effects of myricetin on SK‑BR‑3 human breast cancer cells have not been elucidated. In the present study, the anticancer effects of myricetin were confirmed in human breast cancer SK‑BR‑3 cells. As the concentration of myricetin increased, the cell viability decreased. DAPI (4',6‑diamidino‑2‑phenylindole) and Annexin V/PI staining also revealed a significant increase in apoptotic bodies and apoptosis. Western blot analysis was performed to confirm the myricetin‑induced expression of apoptosis‑related proteins. The levels of cleaved PARP and Bax proteins were increased, and that of Bcl‑2 was decreased. The levels of proteins in the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were examined to confirm the mechanism of myricetin‑induced apoptosis, and it was found that the expression levels of phosphorylated c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (p‑JNK) and phosphorylated mitogen‑activated protein kinases (p‑p38) were increased, whereas that of phosphorylated extracellular‑regulated kinase (p‑ERK) was decreased. It was also demonstrated that myricetin induced autophagy by promoting autophagy‑related proteins such as microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3 (LC 3) and beclin 1. In addition, 3‑methyladenine (3‑MA) was used to evaluate the association between cell viability and autophagy in cells treated with myricetin. The results showed that simultaneous treatment with 3‑MA and myricetin promoted the apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, treatment with a JNK inhibitor reduced cell viability, promoted Bax expression, and reduced the expression of p‑JNK, Bcl‑2, and LC 3‑II/I. These results suggest that myricetin induces apoptosis via the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells. In conclusion, myricetin shows potential as a natural anticancer agent in SK‑BR‑3 cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration; Fitzmaurice C, Abate D, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdel-Rahman O, Abdelalim A, Abdoli A, Abdollahpour I, et al: Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. JAMA Oncol. 5:1749–1768. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Tao Z, Shi A, Lu C, Song T, Zhang Z and Zhao J: Breast cancer: Epidemiology and etiology. Cell Biochem Biophys. 72:333–338. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Brown LC, Mutter RW and Halyard MY: Benefits, risks, and safety of external beam radiation therapy for breast cancer. Int J Womens Health. 7:449–458. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Seltzer JH, Gintant G, Amiri-Kordestani L, Singer J, Koplowitz LP, Moslehi JJ, Barac A and Yu AF: Assessing cardiac safety in oncology drug development. Am Heart J. 214:125–133. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Mitra S and Dash R: Natural products for the management and prevention of breast cancer. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018:83246962018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Panche AN, Diwan AD and Chandra SR: Flavonoids: An overview. J Nutr Sci. 5:e472016. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Song X, Tan L, Wang M, Ren C, Guo C, Yang B, Ren Y, Cao Z, Li Y and Pei J: Myricetin: A review of the most recent research. Biomed Pharmacother. 134:1110172021. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Ross JA and Kasum CM: Dietary flavonoids: Bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety. Annu Rev Nutr. 22:19–34. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Devi KP, Rajavel T, Habtemariam S, Nabavi SF and Nabavi SM: Molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of myricetin. Life Sci. 142:19–25. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Masuda T, Miura Y, Inai M and Masuda A: Enhancing effect of a cysteinyl thiol on the antioxidant activity of flavonoids and identification of the antioxidative thiol adducts of myricetin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 77:1753–1758. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zheng AW, Chen YQ, Zhao LQ and Feng JG: Myricetin induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett. 13:4974–4978. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Ong KC and Khoo HE: Biological effects of myricetin. Gen Pharmacol. 29:121–126. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Phillips PA, Sangwan V, Borja-Cacho D, Dudeja V, Vickers SM and Saluja AK: Myricetin induces pancreatic cancer cell death via the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Cancer Lett. 308:181–188. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Li M, Chen J, Yu X, Xu S, Li D, Zheng Q and Yin Y: Myricetin suppresses the propagation of hepatocellular carcinoma via down-regulating expression of YAP. Cells. 8:3582019. View Article : Google Scholar :

15 

Ye C, Zhang C, Huang H, Yang B, Xiao G, Kong D, Tian Q, Song Q, Song Y, Tan H, et al: The natural compound myricetin effectively represses the malignant progression of prostate cancer by inhibiting PIM1 and disrupting the PIM1/CXCR4 interaction. Cell Physiol Biochem. 48:1230–1244. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Jo S, Ha TK, Han SH, Kim ME, Jung I, Lee HW, Bae SK and Lee JS: Myricetin induces apoptosis of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells via mitochondria dysfunction. Anticancer Res. 37:1705–1710. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Jiao D and Zhang XD: Myricetin suppresses p21-activated kinase 1 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through downstream signaling of the β-catenin pathway. Oncol Rep. 36:342–348. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Soleimani M and Sajedi N: Myricetin apoptotic effects on T47D breast cancer cells is a P53-independent approach. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 21:3697–3704. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Knickle A, Fernando W, Greenshields AL, Rupasinghe HPV and Hoskin DW: Myricetin-induced apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells is mediated by the iron-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species from hydrogen peroxide. Food Chem Toxicol. 118:154–167. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Morales P and Haza AI: Selective apoptotic effects of piceatannol and myricetin in human cancer cells. J Appl Toxicol. 32:986–993. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Green DR and Reed JC: Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science. 281:1309–1312. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Elumalai P, Gunadharini DN, Senthilkumar K, Banudevi S, Arunkumar R, Benson CS, Sharmila G and Arunakaran J: Induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by nimbolide through extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. Toxicol Lett. 215:131–142. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Boulares AH, Yakovlev AG, Ivanova V, Stoica BA, Wang G, Iyer S and Smulson M: Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in apoptosis. Caspase 3-resistant PARP mutant increases rates of apoptosis in transfected cells. J Biol Chem. 274:22932–22940. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Murphy KM, Ranganathan V, Farnsworth ML, Kavallaris M and Lock RB: Bcl-2 inhibits Bax translocation from cytosol to mitochondria during drug-induced apoptosis of human tumor cells. Cell Death Differ. 7:102–111. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Chang L and Karin M: Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Naturey. 410:37–40. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Lu Z and Xu S: ERK1/2 MAP kinases in cell survival and apoptosis. IUBMB Life. 58:621–631. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Dhanasekaran DN and Reddy EP: JNK signaling in apoptosis. Oncogene. 27:6245–6251. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Cuenda A and Rousseau S: p38 MAP-kinases pathway regulation, function and role in human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1773:1358–1375. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ouyang L, Shi Z, Zhao S, Wang FT, Zhou TT, Liu B and Bao JK: Programmed cell death pathways in cancer: A review of apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis. Cell Prolif. 45:487–498. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

He C and Levine B: The beclin 1 interactome. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 22:140–149. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Oberstein A, Jeffrey PD and Shi Y: Crystal structure of the Bcl-XL-beclin 1 peptide complex: Beclin 1 is a novel BH3-only protein. J Biol Chem. 282:13123–13132. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Parzych KR and Klionsky DJ: An overview of autophagy: Morphology, mechanism, and regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 20:460–473. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

33 

Huang H, Chen AY, Ye X, Li B, Rojanasakul Y, Rankin GO and Chen YC: Myricetin inhibits proliferation of cisplatin-resistant cancer cells through a p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Int J Oncol. 47:1494–1502. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Cummings BS, Wills LP and Schnellmann RG: Measurement of cell death in Mammalian cells. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 56:12.8.1–12.8.24. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Yoo GS, Lee JM, Lee CH, Jang JB and Lee KS: Study of apoptosis by scirpi tuber in Hela cell and MCF-7 cell. J Korean Obstet Gynecol. 24:1–13. 2011.

36 

Kale J, Osterlund EJ and Andrews DW: BCL-2 family proteins: Changing partners in the dance towards death. Cell Death Differ. 25:65–80. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Innajak S, Mahabusrakum W and Watanapokasin R: Goniothalamin induces apoptosis associated with autophagy activation through MAPK signaling in SK-BR-3 cells. Oncol Rep. 35:2851–2858. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Traganos F and Darzynkiewicz Z: Lysosomal proton pump activity: Supravital cell staining with acridine orange differentiates leukocyte subpopulations. Methods Cell Biol. 41:185–194. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Jung CH, Ro SH, Cao J, Otto NM and Kim DH: mTOR regulation of autophagy. FEBS Lett. 584:1287–1295. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Zhu ML, Zhang PM, Jiang M, Yu SW and Wang L: Myricetin induces apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling in human colon cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther. 20:2092020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Yu H, Wu CL, Wang X, Ban Q, Quan C, Liu M, Dong H, Li J, Kim GY, Choi YH, et al: SP600125 enhances C-2-induced cell death by the switch from autophagy to apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 38:4482019. View Article : Google Scholar :

42 

Chen S, Dobrovolsky VN, Liu F, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Mei N and Guo L: The role of autophagy in usnic acid-induced toxicity in hepatic cells. Toxicol Sci. 142:33–44. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Jin HO, Hong SE, Park JA, Chang YH, Hong YJ, Park IC and Lee JK: Inhibition of JNK-mediated autophagy enhances NSCLC cell sensitivity to mTORC1/2 inhibitors. Sci Rep. 6:289452016. View Article : Google Scholar :

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Han S, Lee J, Woo J, Jung G, Jung S, Han E, Park Y, Kim B, Kim S, Park B, Park B, et al: Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells. Int J Mol Med 49: 54, 2022.
APA
Han, S., Lee, J., Woo, J., Jung, G., Jung, S., Han, E. ... Jung, J. (2022). Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 49, 54. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5110
MLA
Han, S., Lee, J., Woo, J., Jung, G., Jung, S., Han, E., Park, Y., Kim, B., Kim, S., Park, B., Choi, C., Jung, J."Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49.4 (2022): 54.
Chicago
Han, S., Lee, J., Woo, J., Jung, G., Jung, S., Han, E., Park, Y., Kim, B., Kim, S., Park, B., Choi, C., Jung, J."Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49, no. 4 (2022): 54. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5110
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Han S, Lee J, Woo J, Jung G, Jung S, Han E, Park Y, Kim B, Kim S, Park B, Park B, et al: Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells. Int J Mol Med 49: 54, 2022.
APA
Han, S., Lee, J., Woo, J., Jung, G., Jung, S., Han, E. ... Jung, J. (2022). Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 49, 54. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5110
MLA
Han, S., Lee, J., Woo, J., Jung, G., Jung, S., Han, E., Park, Y., Kim, B., Kim, S., Park, B., Choi, C., Jung, J."Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49.4 (2022): 54.
Chicago
Han, S., Lee, J., Woo, J., Jung, G., Jung, S., Han, E., Park, Y., Kim, B., Kim, S., Park, B., Choi, C., Jung, J."Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49, no. 4 (2022): 54. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5110
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team