Role of vitamins in the development and treatment of osteoporosis (Review)

Atkinson EG, Adaway M, Horan DJ, Korff C, Klunk A, Orr AL, Ratz K, Bellido T, Plotkin LI, Robling AG and Bidwell JP: Conditional loss of Nmp4 in mesenchymal stem progenitor cells enhances PTH-induced bone formation. J Bone Miner Res. 38:70–85. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Wang J, Shu B, Tang DZ, Li CG, Xie XW, Jiang LJ, Jiang XB, Chen BL, Lin XC, Wei X, et al: The prevalence of osteoporosis in China, a community based cohort study of osteoporosis. Front Public Health. 11:10840052023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kobayashi H, Ito N, Nakai Y, Katoh H, Okajima K, Zhang L, Tsuda Y and Tanaka S: Patterns of symptoms and insufficiency fractures in patients with tumour-induced osteomalacia. Bone Joint J. 105-B:568–574. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yang Z, Xing D, Dong Z, Wei J, Zhang L, Gao S and Li W: Epidemiological investigation of 387 individuals over 65 years old with osteoporotic fractures. Altern Ther Health Med. 29:207–211. 2023.PubMed/NCBI

Ju G and Liu X: A nomogram prediction model for refracture in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty. Eur Spine J. 32:3919–3926. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Deosthale P, Balanta-Melo J, Creecy A, Liu C, Marcial A, Morales L, Cridlin J, Robertson S, Okpara C, Sanchez DJ, et al: Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1), a novel inhibitor of osteoblast/osteocyte differentiation, regulates bone formation, mass, and strength in young and aged male and female mice. Bone Res. 11:252023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhang C, Li H, Li J, Hu J, Yang K and Tao L: Oxidative stress: A common pathological state in a high-risk population for osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother. 163:1148342023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Agliardi C, Guerini FR, Bolognesi E, Zanzottera M and Clerici M: VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and autoimmunity: A narrative review. Biology (Basel). 12:9162023.

Talib WH, Ahmed Jum'AH DA, Attallah ZS, Jallad MS, Al Kury LT, Hadi RW and Mahmod AI: Role of vitamins A, C, D, E in cancer prevention and therapy: Therapeutic potentials and mechanisms of action. Front Nutr. 10:12818792024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Prieto-de Lima TS, Rojas-Jimenez K and Vaglio C: Strategy for optimizing vitamin B12 production in pseudomonas putida KT2440 using metabolic modeling. Metabolites. 14:6362024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rizzi F, Panniello A, Comparelli R, Arduino I, Fanizza E, Iacobazzi RM, Perrone MG, Striccoli M, Curri ML, Scilimati A, et al: Luminescent alendronic acid-conjugated micellar nanostructures for potential application in the bone-targeted delivery of cholecalciferol. Molecules. 29:23672024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Parhiala M, Ukkonen M, Sand J and Laukkarinen J: Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common and insufficiently diagnosed among chronic pancreatitis patients. BMC Gastroenterol. 23:1242023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kirby BJ, Ma Y, Martin HM, Buckle Favaro KL, Karaplis AC and Kovacs CS: Upregulation of calcitriol during pregnancy and skeletal recovery after lactation do not require parathyroid hormone. J Bone Miner Res. 28:1987–2000. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

Rondanelli M, Tartara A, Fossari F, Vecchio V, Faliva MA, Naso M, Perna S, Nichetti M and Peroni G: Adequate intake and supplementation of B vitamins, in particular folic acid, can play a protective role in bone health. Curr Aging Sci. 15:110–120. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

Yang K, Cao F, Xue Y, Tao L and Zhu Y: Three classes of antioxidant defense systems and the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Front Physiol. 13:8402932022. View Article : Google Scholar :

Salma, Ahmad SS, Karim S, Ibrahim IM, Alkreathy HM, Alsieni M and Khan MA: Effect of vitamin K on bone mineral density and fracture risk in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedicines. 10:10482022. View Article : Google Scholar

Chen G, Weiskirchen S and Weiskirchen R: Vitamin A: Too good to be bad? Front Pharmacol. 14:11863362023. View Article : Google Scholar :

Yee MMF, Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S and Wong SK: Vitamin A and bone health: A review on current evidence. Molecules. 26:17572021. View Article : Google Scholar :

Tanumihardjo SA, Gannon BM, Kaliwile C, Chileshe J and Binkley NC: Restricting vitamin A intake increases bone formation in Zambian children with high liver stores of vitamin. Arch Osteoporos. 14:722019. View Article : Google Scholar

Baybutt RC, Standard JT, Dim D, Quinn T, Hamdan H, Lin D, Kunz K, Bomstein ZS, Estorge BJ, Herndon B, et al: Cod liver oil, but not retinoic acid, treatment restores bone thickness in a vitamin A-deficient rat. Nutrients. 14:4862022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lind T, Lugano R, Gustafson AM, Norgård M, van Haeringen A, Dimberg A, Melhus H, Robertson SP and Andersson G: Bones in human CYP26B1 deficiency and rats with hypervitaminosis A phenocopy Vegfa overexpression. Bone Rep. 9:27–36. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

Lionikaite V, Henning P, Drevinge C, Shah FA, Palmquist A, Wikström P, Windahl SH and Lerner UH: Vitamin A decreases the anabolic bone response to mechanical loading by suppressing bone formation. FASEB J. 33:5237–5247. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

Zhang X, Huang J, Zhou Y, Hong Z, Lin X, Chen S, Ye Y and Zhang Z: Vitamin A nutritional status is a key determinant of bone mass in children. Nutrients. 14:46942022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fraher D, Mann RJ, Dubuisson MJ, Ellis MK, Yu T, Walder K, Ward AC, Winkler C and Gibert Y: The endocannabinoid system and retinoic acid signaling combine to influence bone growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 529:1112672021. View Article : Google Scholar :

Zhang S, Chen X, Hu Y, Wu J, Cao Q, Chen S and Gao Y: All-trans retinoic acid modulates Wnt3A-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 422:243–253. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Navarro-Valverde C, Caballero-Villarraso J, Mata-Granados JM, Casado-Díaz A, Sosa-Henríquez M, Malouf-Sierra J, Nogués-Solán X, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Cortés-Gil X, Delgadillo-Duarte J and Quesada-Gómez JM: High serum retinol as a relevant contributor to low bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Calcif Tissue Int. 102:651–656. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

Zhuang Y, Sun X, Liu B, Hou H and Sun Y: Effects of rambutan peel (nepheliumlappaceum) PhenolicExtract on RANKL-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts and retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis in rats. Nutrients. 12:8832020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang S, Bi W, Liu Y, Cheng J, Sun W, Wu G and Xu X: The antagonist of retinoic acid receptor α, ER-50891 antagonizes the inhibitive effect of all-trans retinoic acid and rescues bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblastogenic differentiation. Drug Des Devel Ther. 14:297–308. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar :

Zhao S, Niu F, Xu CY, Liu Y, Ye L, Bi GB, Chen L, Tian G and Nie TH: Diosgenin prevents bone loss on retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis in rats. Ir J Med Sci. 185:581–587. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Liu RH, Kang X, Xu LP, Nian HL, Yang XW, Shi HT and Wang XJ: Effects of the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone mineral content and bone turnover in osteoporotic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 15:1122015. View Article : Google Scholar

Krutzen CLJM, Roa LA, Bloemen M and Von den Hoff JW: Excess vitamin a might contribute to submucous clefting by inhibiting WNT-mediated bone formation. Orthod Craniofac Res. 26:132–139. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Charkos TG, Liu Y, Oumer KS, Vuong AM and Yang S: Effects of β-carotene intake on the risk of fracture: A Bayesian meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 21:7112020. View Article : Google Scholar

Gao SS and Zhao Y: The effects of β-carotene on osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoporos Int. 34:627–639. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Ahn TK, Kim JO, An HJ, Park HS, Choi UY, Sohn S, Kim KT, Kim NK and Han IB: 3′-UTR polymorphisms of vitamin B-related genes are associated with osteoporosis and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) in postmenopausal women. Genes (Basel). 11:6122020. View Article : Google Scholar

Dai Z and Koh WP: B-vitamins and bone health-a review of the current evidence. Nutrients. 7:3322–3346. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhang L, Jiao G, You Y, Li X, Liu J, Sun Z, Li Q, Dai Z, Ma J, Zhou H, et al: Arginine methylation of PPP1CA by CARM1 regulates glucose metabolism and affects osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastic differentiation. Clin Transl Med. 13:e13692023. View Article : Google Scholar

Ma Q, Liang M, Wang Y, Ding N, Wu Y, Duan L, Yu T, Lu Y, Xu J, Kang F and Dou C: Non-coenzyme role of vitamin B1 in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomy induced osteoporosis. J Cell Biochem. 121:3526–3536. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wan M, Wu H, Wang X, Gu Y, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Zhang J, Sun S, Jia Q, et al: There is a significantly inverse relationship between dietary riboflavin intake and prevalence of osteoporosis in women but not in men: Results from the TCLSIH cohort study. Front Nutr. 10:11120282023. View Article : Google Scholar

Guo M and Zhang J: Vitamin B₂ prevents glucocorticoid-caused damage of blood vessels in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Biomed Res Int. 2022:40061842022. View Article : Google Scholar

Chaves Neto AH, Yano CL, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Machado D, Justo GZ, Peppelenbosch MP and Ferreira CV: Riboflavin and photoproducts in MC3T3-E1 differentiation. Toxicol In Vitro. 24:1911–1919. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Welan R: Effect of vitamin B6 on osteoporosis fracture. J Bone Metab. 30:141–147. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li CG, Zhang H, Wang Q, Qi X, Qiao L, Da WW, Cui XJ, et al: Association between serum vitamin B₆ concentration and risk of osteoporosis in the middle-aged and older people in China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 9:e0281292019. View Article : Google Scholar

Lee JS, Kim K, Park JP, Cho SW and Lee H: Role of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate at the titanium implant interface in vivo: Increased hemophilicity, inactive platelet adhesion, and osteointegration. Adv Healthc Mater. 6:16009622017. View Article : Google Scholar

Dodds RA, Catterall A, Bitensky L and Chayen J: Abnormalities in fracture healing induced by vitamin B6-deficiency in rats. Bone. 7:489–495. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar

Santos C, Gomes P, Duarte JA, Almeida MM, Costa MEV and Fernandes MH: Development of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles loaded with folic acid to induce osteoblastic differentiation. Int J Pharm. 516:185–195. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Georgiou KR, Nadhanan RR, Fan CM and Xian CJ: Methotrexate-induced bone marrow adiposity is mitigated by folinic acid supplementation through the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. J Cell Physiol. 230:648–656. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Clements M, Heffernan M, Ward M, Hoey L, Doherty LC, Hack Mendes R, Clarke MM, Hughes CF, Love I, Murphy S, et al: A 2-year randomized controlled trial with low-dose B-vitamin supplementation shows benefits on bone mineral density in adults with lower B12 status. J Bone Miner Res. 37:2443–2455. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

Hussain SIB, AlKhenizan A, Mahmoud A and Qashlaq H: The correlation between vitamin B12 and folate levels and bone mineral density among the Saudi population in a primary care setting. J Family Med Prim Care. 12:1063–1068. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ates Bulut E, Soysal P, Aydin AE, Dokuzlar O, Kocyigit SE and Isik AT: Vitamin B12 deficiency might be related to sarcopenia in older adults. Exp Gerontol. 95:136–140. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Stone KL, Lui LY, Christen WG, Troen AM, Bauer DC, Kado D, Schambach C, Cummings SR and Manson JE: Effect of combination folic acid, vitamin B₆, and vitamin B₁₂ fracture risk in women: A randomized, controlled trial. J supplementation on Bone Miner Res. 32:2331–2338. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Herrmann M, Schmidt J, Umanskaya N, Colaianni G, Al Marrawi F, Widmann T, Zallone A, Wildemann B and Herrmann W: Stimulation of osteoclast activity by low B-vitamin concentrations. Bone. 41:584–591. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

Su S, Zhang D, Liu J, Zhao H, Tang X, Che H, Wang Q, Ren W and Zhen D: Folate ameliorates homocysteine-induced osteoblast dysfunction by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated PERK/ATF-4/CHOP pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Bone Miner Metab. 40:422–433. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rondanelli M, Peroni G, Fossari F, Vecchio V, Faliva MA, Naso M, Perna S, Di Paolo E, Riva A, Petrangolini G, et al: Evidence of a positive link between consumption and supplementation of ascorbic acid and bone mineral density. Nutrients. 13:10122021. View Article : Google Scholar

Yang K, Cao F, Qiu S, Jiang W, Tao L and Zhu Y: Metformin promotes differentiation and attenuates H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage of osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Front Pharmacol. 13:8298302022. View Article : Google Scholar

Jain SK, McLean WE, Stevens CM and Dhawan R: The positive association of plasma levels of vitamin C and inverse association of VCAM-1 and total adiponectin with bone mineral density in subjects with diabetes. Nutrients. 14:38932022. View Article : Google Scholar

Malmir H, Shab-Bidar S and Djafarian K: Vitamin C intake in relation to bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture and osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Br J Nutr. 119:847–858. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

Zeng LF, Luo MH, Liang GH, Yang WY, Xiao X, Wei X, Yu J, Guo D, Chen HY, Pan JK, et al: Can dietary intake of vitamin C-oriented foods reduce the risk of osteoporosis, fracture, and BMD loss? Systematic review with meta-analyses of recent studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 10:8442020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sarkar N, Morton H and Bose S: Effects of vitamin C on osteoblast proliferation and osteosarcoma inhibition using plasma coated hydroxyapatite on titanium implants. Surf Coat Technol. 394:1257932020. View Article : Google Scholar

Xie Y, Bao Z, Wang Z, Du D, Chen G, Liu C, Wang H, Feng N, Xiao X, Wang S, et al: Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate promotes bone formation via CaMKII signaling. J Bone Miner Res. 38:1015–1031. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Choi HK, Kim GJ, Yoo HS, Song DH, Chung KH, Lee KJ, Koo YT and An JH: Vitamin C activates osteoblastogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis via Wnt/β-catenin/ATF4 signaling pathways. Nutrients. 11:5062019. View Article : Google Scholar

Smith-Cortinez N, Fagundes RR, Gomez V, Kong D, de Waart DR, Heegsma J, Sydor S, Olinga P, de Meijer VE, Taylor CT, et al: Collagen release by human hepatic stellate cells requires vitamin C and is efficiently blocked by hydroxylase inhibition. FASEB J. 35:e212192021. View Article : Google Scholar

Bellissimo MP, Roberts JL, Jones DP, Liu KH, Taibl KR, Uppal K, Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R, Drissi H, Ziegler TR and Alvarez JA: Metabolomic associations with serum bone turnover markers. Nutrients. 12:31612020. View Article : Google Scholar

Okajima LS, Martinez EF, Pinheiro IF, Fonseca Silva AS and Demasi APD: Effect of sodium ascorbyl phosphate on osteoblast viability and differentiation. J Periodontal Res. 55:660–666. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Liu G, Li W, Zhang L, Zhou C and Cong R: The role of vitamin D on rotator cuff tear with osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 13:10178352022. View Article : Google Scholar

Ryan BA, McGregor NE, Kirby BJ, Al-Tilissi A, Poulton IJ, Sims NA and Kovacs CS: Calcitriol-dependent and -independent regulation of intestinal calcium absorption, osteoblast function, and skeletal mineralization during lactation and recovery in mice. J Bone Miner Res. 37:2483–2497. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Beckett E: More than bone health: The many roles for vitamin D. Nutrients. 12:23882020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Imai K, Neuman MW, Kawase T and Saito S: Calcium in osteoblast-enriched bone cells. Bone. 13:217–223. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Al Saedi A, Myers DE, Stupka N and Duque G: 1,25(OH)₂D₃ ameliorates palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in human primary osteoblasts leading to improved viability and function. Bone. 141:1156722020. View Article : Google Scholar

Posa F, Di Benedetto A, Colaianni G, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Brunetti G, Porro C, Trotta T, Grano M and Mori G: Vitamin D effects on osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from dental tissues. Stem Cells Int. 2016:91508192016. View Article : Google Scholar :

Kanemoto Y, Iwaki M, Sawada T, Nojiri K, Kurokawa T, Tsutsumi R, Nagasawa K and Kato S: Advances in the administration of vitamin D analogues to support bone health and treat chronic diseases. J Bone Metab. 30:219–229. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mansell JP, Tanatani A and Kagechika H: An N-cyanoamide derivative of lithocholic acid co-operates with lysophosphatidic acid to promote human osteoblast (MG63) differentiation. Biomolecules. 13:11132023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nakamichi Y, Liu Z, Mori T, He Z, Yasuda H, Takahashi N and Udagawa N: The vitamin D receptor in osteoblastic cells but not secreted parathyroid hormone is crucial for soft tissue calcification induced by the proresorptive activity of 1,25(OH)₂D₃. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 232:1063512023. View Article : Google Scholar

Mondockova V, Kovacova V, Zemanova N, Babikova M, Martiniakova M, Galbavy D and Omelka R: Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms affect osteoporosis-related traits and response to antiresorptive therapy. Genes (Basel). 14:1932023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Haeri NS, Perera S and Greenspan SL: The association of vitamin D with bone microarchitecture, muscle strength, and mobility performance in older women in long-term care. Bone. 176:1168672023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Waterhouse M, Ebeling PR, McLeod DSA, English D, Romero BD, Baxter C, Armstrong BK, Hartel G, Kimlin M, O'Connell RL, et al: The effect of monthly vitamin D supplementation on fractures: a tertiary outcome from the population-based, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled D-health trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 11:324–332. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gallagher JC and Rosen CJ: Vitamin D: 100 Years of discoveries, yet controversy continues. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 11:362–374. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Mansur JL, Oliveri B, Giacoia E, Fusaro D and Costanzo PR: Vitamin D: Before, during and after pregnancy: Effect on neonates and children. Nutrients. 14:19002022. View Article : Google Scholar

Zainal Z, Khaza'ai H, Kutty Radhakrishnan A and Chang SK: Therapeutic potential of palm oil vitamin E-derived tocotrienols in inflammation and chronic diseases: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Food Res Int. 156:1111752022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wong SK, Chin KY and Ima-Nirwana S: The effects of tocotrienol on bone peptides in a rat model of osteoporosis induced by metabolic syndrome: The possible communication between bone cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16:33132019. View Article : Google Scholar :

Holvik K, Gjesdal CG, Tell GS, Grimnes G, Schei B, Apalset EM, Samuelsen SO, Blomhoff R, Michaëlsson K and Meyer HE: Low serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol are associated with increased risk of hip fracture. A NOREPOS study. Osteoporos Int. 25:2545–2554. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Xu W, Li Y, Feng R, He P and Zhang Y: γ-Tocotrienol induced the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through the stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Food Funct. 13:398–410. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

Wan Hasan WN, Chin KY, Abd Ghafar N and Soelaiman IN: Annatto-derived tocotrienol promotes mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by enhancing BMP-2 protein expression via inhibiting RhoA activation and HMG-CoA reductase gene expression. Drug Des Devel Ther. 14:969–976. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wan Hasan WN, Abd Ghafar N, Chin KY and Ima-Nirwana S: Annatto-derived tocotrienol stimulates osteogenic activity in preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells: A temporal sequential study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 12:1715–1726. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hagan ML, Bahraini A, Pierce JL, Bass SM, Yu K, Elsayed R, Elsalanty M, Johnson MH, McNeil A, McNeil PL and McGee-Lawrence ME: Inhibition of osteocyte membrane repair activity via dietary vitamin E deprivation impairs osteocyte survival. Calcif Tissue Int. 104:224–234. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar :

Mohamad NV, Soelaiman IN and Chin KY: Effects of tocotrienol from Bixa orellana (annatto) on bone histomorphometry in a male osteoporosis model induced by buserelin. Biomed Pharmacother. 103:453–462. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mohamad Hazir NS, Yahaya NHM, Zawawi MSF, Damanhuri HA, Mohamed N and Alias E: Changes in metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics during polyethylene-induced osteoclastogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 23:83312022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Vallibhakara SAO, Nakpalat K, Sophonsritsuk A, Tantitham C and Vallibhakara O: Effect of vitamin E supplement on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteopenic women: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 13:42262021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fujiwara Y, Ko Y, Sonoda M, Ichi I and Ishikawa T: Effects of vitamin E and dietary conditions on the differentiation and maturation of osteoclast. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 68:73–77. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Piscaer I, Janssen R, Franssen FME, Schurgers LJ and Wouters EFM: The pleiotropic role of vitamin K in multimorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Med. 12:12612023. View Article : Google Scholar :

He J, Xie H, Yan C, Sun Y, Xu Z and Zhang X: Genetic variation in VKORC1 and risk for osteoporosis. Arch Med Res. 52:211–216. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

Urano A, Hotta M, Ohwada R and Araki M: Vitamin K deficiency evaluated by serum levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin in patients with anorexia nervosa with bone loss. Clin Nutr. 34:443–448. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Lee AS, Sung MJ, Son SJ, Han AR, Hong SM and Lee SH: Effect of menaquinone-4 on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. J Med Food. 26:128–134. 2023.

Popa DS, Bigman G and Rusu ME: The role of vitamin K in humans: Implication in aging and age-associated diseases. Antioxidants (Basel). 10:5662021. View Article : Google Scholar

Alonso N, Meinitzer A, Fritz-Petrin E, Enko D and Herrmann M: Role of vitamin K in bone and muscle metabolism. Calcif Tissue Int. 112:178–196. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Stock M and Schett G: Vitamin K-dependent proteins in skeletal development and disease. Int J Mol Sci. 22:93282021. View Article : Google Scholar

Wang J, Shao L, Wu X, Liu C, Ni S, Dai T, Liu H and Zhao H: Electrospun sandwich mesh structures loaded with naringenin and vitamin K₂ polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofibers synergistically promote bone regeneration. Mater Today Bio. 23:1007942023. View Article : Google Scholar

Giordani C, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Valli D, Scarpa ES, Antonelli A, Sabbatinelli J, Giacchetti G, Sabatelli S, Olivieri F and Rippo MR: Pro-osteogenic and anti-inflammatory synergistic effect of orthosilicic acid, vitamin K2, curcumin, polydatin and quercetin combination in young and senescent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Int J Mol Sci. 24:88202023. View Article : Google Scholar :

Wang H, Li L, Zhang N and Ma Y: Vitamin K2 improves osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting STAT1 via the Bcl-6 and IL-6/JAK in C3H10 T1/2 clone 8 cells. Nutrients. 14:29342022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Castaneda M, Strong JM, Alabi DA and Hernandez CJ: The gut microbiome and bone strength. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 18:677–683. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ozaki D, Kubota R, Maeno T, Abdelhakim M and Hitosugi N: Association between gut microbiota, bone metabolism, and fracture risk in postmenopausal Japanese women. Osteoporos Int. 32:145–156. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

Li W, Zhang S, Liu J, Liu Y and Liang Q: Vitamin K2 stimulates MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation and mineralization through autophagy induction. Mol Med Rep. 19:3676–3684. 2019.

AlHajri L, Ayoub A, Ahmed H and AlMulla M: Effect of vitamin K2 alone or in combination on various bone turnover markers amongst postmenopausal females. J Bone Metab. 28:11–26. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Capozzi A, Scambia G and Lello S: Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K2, and magnesium supplementation and skeletal health. Maturitas. 140:55–63. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Marietta M, Coluccio V, Boriani G and Luppi M: Effects of anti-vitamin k oral anticoagulants on bone and cardiovascular health. Eur J Intern Med. 79:1–11. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

Grili PPDF, Vidigal CV, Cruz GFD, Albergaria BH, Marques-Rocha JL, Pereira TSS and Guandalini VR: Nutrient patterns and risk of osteopenia in postmenopausal women. Nutrients. 15:16702023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhang R, Ni Z, Wei M, Cui Y, Zhou H, Di D and Wang Q: Composite dietary antioxidant intake and osteoporosis likelihood in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: A population-based study in the United States. Menopause. 30:529–538. 2023.

Nguyen HD: Interactions between nutrient intake and comorbidities for quality of life in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause. 29:1285–1295. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

Bakker MF, Peeters PH, Klaasen VM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Jansen EH, Ros MM, Travier N, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, et al: Plasma carotenoids, vitamin C, tocopherols, and retinol and the risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 103:454–464. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Feskanich D, Singh V, Willett WC and Colditz GA: Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA. 287:47–54. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

El Maghraoui A, Ghozlani I, Mounach A, Rezqi A, Oumghar K, Achemlal L, Bezza A and Ouzzif Z: Homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels and vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women. J Clin Densitom. 15:328–333. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

Salari P, Abdollahi M, Heshmat R, Meybodi HA and Razi F: Effect of folic acid on bone metabolism: A randomized double blind clinical trial in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Daru. 22:622014. View Article : Google Scholar

Zhang H, Tao X and Wu J: Association of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 289:1003–1009. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

Murray AA, Molinek MD, Baker SJ, Kojima FN, Smith MF, Hillier SG and Spears N: Role of ascorbic acid in promoting follicle integrity and survival in intact mouse ovarian follicles in vitro. Reproduction. 121:89–96. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

McSorley PT, Young IS, Bell PM, Fee JP and McCance DR: Vitamin C improves endothelial function in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Climacteric. 6:238–247. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Moreau KL, Hildreth KL, Klawitter J, Blatchford P and Kohrt WM: Decline in endothelial function across the menopause transition in healthy women is related to decreased estradiol and increased oxidative stress. Geroscience. 42:1699–1714. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

Sugiura M, Nakamura M, Ogawa K, Ikoma Y and Yano M: High vitamin C intake with high serum β-cryptoxanthin associated with lower risk for osteoporosis in post-menopausal Japanese female subjects: Mikkabi cohort study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 62:185–191. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Mangano KM, Noel SE, Dawson-Hughes B and Tucker KL: Sufficient plasma vitamin C is related to greater bone mineral density among postmenopausal women from the boston puerto rican health study. J Nutr. 151:3764–3772. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bae YJ: Fruit intake and osteosarcopenic obesity in Korean postmenopausal women aged 50-64 years. Maturitas. 134:41–46. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hassanein MM, Huri HZ, Abduelkarem AR and Baig K: Therapeutic effects of vitamin D on vaginal, sexual, and urological functions in postmenopausal women. Nutrients. 15:38042023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Alinia T, Sabour S, Hashemipour M, Hovsepian S, Pour HR and Jahanfar S: Relationship between vitamin D levels and age of menopause and reproductive lifespan: Analysis based on the National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2001-2018. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 289:183–189. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Shi JW, Wu JN, Zhu XY, Zhou WH, Yang JY and Li MQ: Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among postmenopausal females: Results from NHANES. J Transl Med. 21:6292023. View Article : Google Scholar

Begga A, Mehaoudi RI, Ghozlani A, Azzoug S and Soltani Y: The risk of metabolic syndrome is associated with vitamin D and inflammatory status in premenopausal and postmenopausal Algerian women. Ir J Med Sci. 193:615–626. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar

Anagnostis P, Livadas S, Goulis DG, Bretz S, Ceausu I, Durmusoglu F, Erkkola R, Fistonic I, Gambacciani M, Geukes M, et al: EMAS position statement: Vitamin D and menopausal health. Maturitas. 169:2–9. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Chan CY, Subramaniam S, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Ramli FF, Ima-Nirwana S and Chin KY: Circulating biomarkers related to osteocyte and calcium homeostasis between postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 21:2273–2280. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mata-Granados JM, Cuenca-Acevedo JR, Luque de Castro MD, Holick MF and Quesada-Gómez JM: Vitamin D insufficiency together with high serum levels of vitamin A increases the risk for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Arch Osteoporos. 8:1242013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Li C, Liang C, Kong Z, Su Y, Ren W, Dong H, Wu Y, Yang N, Liu R, Wu J and Zheng Y: Determination of vitamin K1, MK-4, MK-7, and D levels in human serum of postmenopausal osteoporosis women based on high stability LC-MS/MS: MK-7 may be a new marker of bone metabolism. Ann Nutr Metab. 79:334–342. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Jeong C, Ha J, Yoo JI, Lee YK, Kim JH, Ha YC, Min YK, Byun DW, Baek KH and Chung HY: Effects of bazedoxifene/vitamin D combination therapy on serum vitamin D levels and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Metab. 30:189–199. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Reis AR, Santos RKF, Dos Santos CB, Santos BDC, de Carvalho GB, Brandão-Lima PN, de Oliveira E Silva AM and Pires LV: Supplementation of vitamin D isolated or calcium-associated with bone remodeling and fracture risk in postmenopausal women without osteoporosis: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutrition. 116:1121512023. View Article : Google Scholar

Dell Aquila LP, Morales A, Moreira P, Cendoroglo MS, Elias RM and Dalboni MA: Prospective effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on irisin levels in sedentary postmenopausal women: A pilot study. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 34:1003242023.PubMed/NCBI

Samare-Najaf M, Zal F and Safari S: Primary and secondary markers of doxorubicin-induced female infertility and the alleviative properties of quercetin and vitamin E in a rat model. Reprod Toxicol. 96:316–326. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Feduniw S, Korczyńska L, Górski K, Zgliczyńska M, Bączkowska M, Byrczak M, Kociuba J, Ali M and Ciebiera M: The effect of vitamin E supplementation in postmenopausal women-A systematic review. Nutrients. 15:1602022. View Article : Google Scholar

Ibrahim N, Mohd Noor H, Shuid AN, Mohamad S, Abdul Malik MM, Jayusman PA, Shuid AN and Naina Mohamed I: Osteoprotective effects in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model: Oral tocotrienol vs intraosseous injection of tocotrienol-poly lactic-co-glycolic acid combination. Front Pharmacol. 12:7067472021. View Article : Google Scholar

Mohamad NV, Ima-Nirwana S and Chin KY: Self-emulsified annatto tocotrienol improves bone histomorphometric parameters in a rat model of oestrogen deficiency through suppression of skeletal sclerostin level and RANKL/OPG ratio. Int J Med Sci. 18:3665–3673. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Johnson SA, Feresin RG, Soung do Y, Elam ML and Arjmandi BH: Vitamin E suppresses ex vivo osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized rats. Food Funct. 7:1628–1633. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Shen CL, Yang S, Tomison MD, Romero AW, Felton CK and Mo H: Tocotrienol supplementation suppressed bone resorption and oxidative stress in postmenopausal osteopenic women: A 12-week randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 29:881–891. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

Rangel LBA, de Siqueira D, Soares ODR, Santana HS, Miguel EC, da Cunha M, Oliveira ALA, Pedrosa DF, Resgala LCR, Neto HAR, et al: Vitamin K supplementation modulates bone metabolism and ultra-structure of ovariectomized mice. Cell Physiol Biochem. 51:356–374. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

Wang H, Zhang N, Li L, Yang P and Ma Y: Menaquinone 4 reduces bone loss in ovariectomized mice through dual regulation of bone remodeling. Nutrients. 13:25702021. View Article : Google Scholar :

Wasilewski GB, Vervloet MG and Schurgers LJ: the bone-vasculature axis: Calcium supplementation and the role of vitamin K. Front Cardiovasc Med. 6:62019. View Article : Google Scholar

Jaghsi S, Hammoud T and Haddad S: Relation between circulating vitamin K1 and osteoporosis in the lumbar spine in syrian post-menopausal women. Open Rheumatol J. 12:1–9. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Moore AE, Kim E, Dulnoan D, Dolan AL, Voong K, Ahmad I, Gorska R, Harrington DJ and Hampson G: Serum vitamin K₁ (phylloquinone) is associated with fracture risk and hip strength in post-menopausal osteoporosis: A cross-sectional study. Bone. 141:1156302020. View Article : Google Scholar

Ma ML, Ma ZJ, He YL, Sun H, Yang B, Ruan BJ, Zhan WD, Li SX, Dong H and Wang YX: Efficacy of vitamin K2 in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Public Health. 10:9796492022. View Article : Google Scholar :

Zhou M, Han S, Zhang W and Wu D: Efficacy and safety of vitamin K2 for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at a long-term follow-up: Meta-analysis and systematic review. J Bone Miner Metab. 40:763–772. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Pan X, Ren Z, Liang W, Dong X, Li J, Wang L, Bhatia M, Pan LL and Sun J: Thiamine deficiency aggravates experimental colitis in mice by promoting glycolytic reprogramming in macrophages. Br J Pharmacol. 182:1897–1911. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Biegstraaten M, Mengel E, Maródi L, Petakov M, Niederau C, Giraldo P, Hughes D, Mrsic M, Mehta A, Hollak CEM and van Schaik IN: Peripheral neuropathy in adult type 1 Gaucher disease: A 2-year prospective observational study. Brain. 133:2909–2919. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Al-Daghri NM, Alharbi M, Wani K, Abd-Alrahman SH, Sheshah E and Alokail MS: Biochemical changes correlated with blood thiamine and its phosphate esters levels in patients with diabetes type 1 (DMT1). Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 8:13483–13488. 2015.

Al-Attas O, Al-Daghri N, Alokail M, Abd-Alrahman S, Vinodson B and Sabico S: Metabolic benefits of six-month thiamine supplementation in patients with and without diabetes mellitus type 2. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 7:1–6. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Al Quran T, Khader A, Allan H, Al-Momani R, Aqel HT, Alsaleh M and Bataineh Z: Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetic patients taking metformin, a cross-sectional study in primary healthcare. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 14:12267982023. View Article : Google Scholar :

Ekeuku SO, Chong PN, Chan HK, Mohamed N, Froemming GRA and Okechukwu PN: Spirulina supplementation improves bone structural strength and stiffness in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. J Tradit Complement Med. 12:225–234. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

Toraman A, Arabaci T, Aytekin Z, Albayrak M and Bayir Y: Effects of vitamin C local application on ligature-induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. J Appl Oral Sci. 28:e202004442020. View Article : Google Scholar :

Mason SA, Della Gatta PA, Snow RJ, Russell AP and Wadley GD: Ascorbic acid supplementation improves skeletal muscle oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes: Findings of a randomized controlled study. Free Radic Biol Med. 93:227–238. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hao L, Lu A, Gao H, Niu J, Prabahar K, Seraj SS and Pan Y: The effects of vitamin D on markers of glucose and obesity in postmenopausal women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Ther. 45:913–920. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ji Y, Geng N, Niu Y, Zhao H, Fei W, Chen S and Ren LP: Relationship between geriatric nutritional risk index and osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes in Northern China. BMC Endocr Disord. 22:3082022. View Article : Google Scholar :

Zhang J, Li Y, Lai D, Lu D, Lan Z, Kang J, Xu Y and Cai S: Vitamin D status is negatively related to insulin resistance and bone turnover in Chinese non-osteoporosis patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cross-section research. Front Public Health. 9:7271322022. View Article : Google Scholar :

Luo W, Jiang Y, Yi Z, Wu Y, Gong P and Xiong Y: 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ promotes osteogenesis by down-regulating FGF23 in diabetic mice. J Cell Mol Med. 25:4148–4156. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Jiang Y, Luo W, Wang B, Yi Z, Gong P and Xiong Y: 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorates diabetes-induced bone loss by attenuating FoxO1-mediated autophagy. J Biol Chem. 296:1002872021. View Article : Google Scholar

Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Yuan Y, Guo Q, Gong P and Wu Y: 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ increases implant osseointegration in diabetic mice partly through FoxO1 inactivation in osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 494:626–633. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Shen CL, Kaur G, Wanders D, Sharma S, Tomison MD, Ramalingam L, Chung E, Moustaid-Moussa N, Mo H and Dufour JM: Annatto-extracted tocotrienols improve glucose homeostasis and bone properties in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice by decreasing the inflammatory response. Sci Rep. 8:113772018. View Article : Google Scholar :

Jin C, Tan K, Yao Z, Lin BH, Zhang DP, Chen WK, Mao SM, Zhang W, Chen L, Lin Z, et al: A novel anti-osteoporosis mechanism of VK2: Interfering with ferroptosis via AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis. J Agric Food Chem. 71:2745–2761. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Poon CCW, Li RWS, Seto SW, Kong SK, Ho HP, Hoi MPM, Lee SMY, Ngai SM, Chan SW, Leung GPH and Kwan YW: In vitro vitamin K(2) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) combination enhances osteoblasts anabolism of diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 767:30–40. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Carioca AAF, Verde SMM, Luzia LA, Rondó PHC, Latorre MRDO, Ellery THP and Damasceno NRT: Association of oxidative stress biomarkers with adiposity and clinical staging in women with breast cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr. 69:1256–1261. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Fenzl A, Kulterer OC, Spirk K, Mitulović G, Marculescu R, Bilban M, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kautzky-Willer A, Kenner L, Plutzky J, et al: Intact vitamin A transport is critical for cold-mediated adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. Mol Metab. 42:1010882020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Daneshzad E, Farsad-Naeimi A, Heshmati J, Mirzaei K, Maghbooli Z and Keshavarz SA: The association between dietary antioxidants and adipokines level among obese women. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 13:1369–1373. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Högström M, Nordström A and Nordström P: Retinol, retinol-binding protein 4, abdominal fat mass, peak bone mineral density, and markers of bone metabolism in men: The northern osteoporosis and obesity (NO2) study. Eur J Endocrinol. 158:765–770. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

He H, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Yang Y and Chen J: Folic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced osteoporosis through the AMPK signaling pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol. 9:7918802022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fu L, Wang Y and Hu YQ: Causal effects of B vitamins and homocysteine on obesity and musculoskeletal diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr. 9:10481222022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Jeon S, Lee J, Shin Y and Yoon M: Ascorbic acid reduces insulin resistance and pancreatic steatosis by regulating adipocyte hypertrophy in obese ovariectomized mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 101:294–303. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Rahman F, Bordignon B, Culerrier R, Peiretti F, Spicuglia S, Djabali M, Landrier JF and Fontes M: Ascorbic acid drives the differentiation of mesoderm-derived embryonic stem cells. Involvement of p38 MAPK/CREB and SVCT2 transporter. Mol Nutr Food Res. 61:16005062017. View Article : Google Scholar

Alzahrani BA, Badri ZA, Aljuhani JA, Alshamrani RM, Ahmed ME and Jari Alshumrani M: A comparison of magnesium levels in obese versus normal-weight children. Cureus. 15:e440532023.PubMed/NCBI

Li J, Gao Y, Yu T, Lange JK, LeBoff MS, Gorska A, Luu S, Zhou S and Glowacki J: Obesity and leptin influence vitamin D metabolism and action in human marrow stromal cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 198:1055642020. View Article : Google Scholar

Xu SM, Lu K, Yang XF, Ye YW, Xu MZ, Shi Q, Gong YQ and Li C: Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with lipid profiles in osteoporosis patients: A retrospective cross-sectional study. J Orthop Surg Res. 18:5972023. View Article : Google Scholar

Chin KY, Pang KL and Soelaiman IN: Tocotrienol and its role in chronic diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 928:97–130. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ima-Nirwana S and Suhaniza S: Effects of tocopherols and tocotrienols on body composition and bone calcium content in adrenalectomized rats replaced with dexamethasone. J Med Food. 7:45–51. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

Ilich JZ: Osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome update and the role of associated minerals and vitamins. Proc Nutr Soc. 80:344–355. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kim M, Na W and Sohn C: Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 53:108–113. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Shi HY, Yan SM, Guo YM, Zhang BQ, Guo XY and Shi BL: Vitamin A pretreatment protects NO-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells from oxidative stress by modulating Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. J Anim Sci. 96:1305–1316. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar :

Jiang WD, Zhang L, Feng L, Wu P, Liu Y, Kuang SY, Li SW, Tang L, Mi HF, Zhang L and Zhou XQ: New insight on the immune modulation and physical barrier protection caused by vitamin A in fish gills infected with flavobacterium columnare. Front Immunol. 13:8334552022. View Article : Google Scholar :

Behr GA, Schnorr CE and Moreira JCF: Increased blood oxidative stress in experimental menopause rat model: The effects of vitamin A low-dose supplementation upon antioxidant status in bilateral ovariectomized rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 26:235–249. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

Xu LL, Zhao B, Sun SL, Yu SF, Wang YM, Ji R, Yang ZT, Ma L, Yao Y, Chen Y, et al: High-dose vitamin C alleviates pancreatic injury via the NRF2/NQO1/HO-1 pathway in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis. Ann Transl Med. 8:8522020. View Article : Google Scholar :

Ulas M and Cay M: 17β-Estradiol and vitamin E modulates oxidative stress-induced kidney toxicity in diabetic ovariectomized rat. Biol Trace Elem Res. 144:821–831. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Farshbaf-Khalili A, Ostadrahimi A, Mirghafourvand M, Ataei-Almanghadim K, Dousti S and Iranshahi AM: Clinical efficacy of curcumin and vitamin E on inflammatory-oxidative stress biomarkers and primary symptoms of menopause in healthy postmenopausal women: A triple-blind randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Metab. 2022:63397152022. View Article : Google Scholar :

Liu J, Tang Y, Peng B, Tian C and Geng B: Bone mineral density is associated with composite dietary antioxidant index among US adults: Results from NHANES. Osteoporos Int. 34:2101–2110. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Zhou Q, Chen X, Chen Q and Hao L: Independent and combined associations of dietary antioxidant intake with bone mineral density and risk of osteoporosis among elderly population in United States. J Orthop Sci. 29:1064–1072. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar

Arnold M, Rajagukguk YV and Gramza-Michałowska A: Functional food for elderly high in antioxidant and chicken eggshell calcium to reduce the risk of osteoporosis-A narrative review. Foods. 10:6562021. View Article : Google Scholar

Zhou P, Shao R, Wang H, Miao J and Wang X: Dietary vitamin A, C, and E intake and subsequent fracture risk at various sites: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 99:e208412020. View Article : Google Scholar

Zinnuroglu M, Dincel AS, Kosova F, Sepici V and Karatas GK: Prospective evaluation of free radicals and antioxidant activity following 6-month risedronate treatment in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Rheumatol Int. 32:875–880. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

Scioli MG, Coniglione F, Greggi C, Evangelista L, Fiorelli E, Savino L, Ferlosio A, Piccirilli E, Gasbarra E, Iundusi R, et al: Ascorbic acid reduces Ropivacaine-induced myotoxicity in cultured human osteoporotic skeletal muscle cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 24:5762023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Deyhim F, Strong K, Deyhim N, Vandyousefi S, Stamatikos A and Faraji B: Vitamin C reverses bone loss in an osteopenic rat model of osteoporosis. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 88:58–64. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

Nojiri H, Saita Y, Morikawa D, Kobayashi K, Tsuda C, Miyazaki T, Saito M, Marumo K, Yonezawa I, Kaneko K, et al: Cytoplasmic superoxide causes bone fragility owing to low-turnover osteoporosis and impaired collagen cross-linking. J Bone Miner Res. 26:2682–2694. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Sangani R, Naime M, Zakhary I, Ahmad S, Chutkan N, Zhu A, Ha Y, Hamrick M, Isales C, Elsalanty M, et al: Regulation of vitamin C transporter in the type 1 diabetic mouse bone and bone marrow. Exp Mol Pathol. 95:298–306. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fulzele S, Chothe P, Sangani R, Chutkan N, Hamrick M, Bhattacharyya M, Prasad PD, Zakhary I, Bowser M, Isales C and Ganapathy VC: Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter SVCT2: Expression and function in bone marrow stromal cells and in osteogenesis. Stem Cell Res. 10:36–47. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

Massaccesi L, Ragone V, Papini N, Goi G, Corsi Romanelli MM and Galliera E: Effects of vitamin E-stabilized ultra high molecular weight polyethylene on oxidative stress response and osteoimmunological response in human osteoblast. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 10:2032019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Casado-Díaz A, Túnez-Fiñana I, Mata-Granados JM, Ruiz-Méndez MV, Dorado G, Romero-Sánchez MC, Navarro-Valverde C and Quesada-Gómez JM: Serum from postmenopausal women treated with a by-product of olive-oil extraction process stimulates osteoblastogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC). Exp Gerontol. 90:71–78. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Casati L, Pagani F, Limonta P, Vanetti C, Stancari G and Sibilia V: Beneficial effects of δ-tocotrienol against oxidative stress in osteoblastic cells: Studies on the mechanisms of action. Eur J Nutr. 59:1975–1987. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

Quigley M, Rieger S, Capobianco E, Wang Z, Zhao H, Hewison M and Lisse TS: Vitamin D modulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and mTOR enforces stress adaptations and anticancer responses. JBMR Plus. 6:e105722021. View Article : Google Scholar

Yüksek V, Dede S, Çetin S, Usta A and Taşpınar M: Vitamin D may assist the UPR against sodium fluoride-induced damage by reducing RIPK1, ATG5, BECN1, oxidative stress and increasing caspase-3 in the osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cell line. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 80:1272932023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Xu P, Lin B, Deng X, Huang K, Zhang Y and Wang N: VDR activation attenuates osteoblastic ferroptosis and senescence by stimulating the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway in age-related osteoporosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 193:720–735. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

Ma Q, Liang M, Tang X, Luo F and Dou C: Vitamin B5 inhibit RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomy induced osteoporosis by scavenging ROS generation. Am J Transl Res. 11:5008–5018. 2019.

Bădilă AE, Rădulescu DM, Ilie A, Niculescu AG, Grumezescu AM and Rădulescu AR: Bone regeneration and oxidative stress: An updated overview. Antioxidants (Basel). 11:3182022. View Article : Google Scholar

Cui Y, Zhang W, Yang P, Zhu S, Luo S and Li M: Menaquinone-4 prevents medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw through the SIRT1 signaling-mediated inhibition of cellular metabolic stresses-induced osteoblast apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 206:33–49. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Torres HM, Arnold KM, Oviedo M, Westendorf JJ and Weaver SR: Inflammatory processes affecting bone health and repair. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 21:842–853. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Moazen M, Mazloom Z, Tanideh N, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Rahmdel S, Azarpira N and Fararouei M: Osteoprotective effects of kefir fortified with omega-3 and vitamin C in ovariectomized rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 93:200–209. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

Shevchuk S, Marynych L, Malovana T and Denyshchych L: Vitamin D level in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Its relationship to disease course and bone mineral density. Lupus Sci Med. 10:e0009682023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Shen CL, Mo H, Dunn DM and Watkins BA: Tocotrienol Supplementation led to higher serum levels of lysophospholipids but lower acylcarnitines in postmenopausal women: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Nutr. 8:7667112021. View Article : Google Scholar

Liang G, Kow ASF, Tham CL, Ho YC and Lee MT: Ameliorative effect of tocotrienols on perimenopausal-associated osteoporosis-A review. Antioxidants (Basel). 11:21792022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nazrun Shuid A, Das S and Mohamed IN: Therapeutic effect of vitamin E in preventing bone loss: An evidence-based review. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 89:357–370. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

Jadhav N, Ajgaonkar S, Saha P, Gurav P, Pandey A, Basudkar V, Gada Y, Panda S, Jadhav S, Mehta D and Nair S: Molecular pathways and roles for vitamin K2-7 as a health-beneficial nutraceutical: Challenges and opportunities. Front Pharmacol. 13:8969202022. View Article : Google Scholar

Myneni VD and Mezey E: Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin K2: Implications for bone health. Oral Dis. 24:67–71. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Guo L, Zhang Y, Liu H, Cheng Q, Yang S and Yang D: All-trans retinoic acid inhibits the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells by promoting IL-1β production via NF-κB signaling. Int Immunopharmacol. 108:1087572022. View Article : Google Scholar

Ahmed N, Sammons J, Khokher MA and Hassan HT: Retinoic acid suppresses interleukin 6 production in normal human osteoblasts. Cytokine. 12:289–293. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yang K, Wang X, Zhang C, Liu D and Tao L: Metformin improves HPRT1-targeted purine metabolism and repairs NR4A1-mediated autophagic flux by modulating FoxO1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cell Death Dis. 15:7952024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Li Y, Hou B, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chu Y and Li X: In vivo quantitative assessment of proximal femoral cortical bone microstructure using double-echo ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 14:9323–9334. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

McClung MR: Sequential and long-term therapy for osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 23:152025. View Article : Google Scholar

Li P, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang C, Zhu Y, Zhou Z, Chao Y, Long Y, Gao Y, et al: Substrate transport and drug interaction of human thiamine transporters SLC19A2/A3. Nat Commun. 15:109242024. View Article : Google Scholar

Mydlárová Blaščáková M, Lőrinczová Z, Anderková L, Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Mikulová Ľ, Hrušovská H, Jędrzejkiewicz B and Piotrowska A: Relationship between vitamin D Receptor gene bsmi polymorphism and 25-hydroxyvitamin D total levels in slovak postmenopausal women with reduced bone mineral density. Genes (Basel). 16:3372025. View Article : Google Scholar

Wu Z, Ye Q, Zhang S, Hu LP, Wang XQ, Yao LL, Zhu L, Xiao SY, Duan ZH, Zhang XL, et al: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 1 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression through stabilizing oncoprotein KRAS and tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR. Clin Transl Med. 15:e701912025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rupp T, Butscheidt S, Vettorazzi E, Oheim R, Barvencik F, Amling M and Rolvien T: High FGF23 levels are associated with impaired trabecular bone microarchitecture in patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 30:1655–1662. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

Cui A, Xiao P, Fan Z, Zeng Y, Wang H and Zhuang Y: Associations between vitamin E status and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: Evidence based on NHANES 2005-2006, 2017-2018. PLoS One. 18:e02831272023. View Article : Google Scholar

Orhadje E, Berg K, Hauser B and Ralston SH: Clinical features, incidence and treatment outcome in pregnancy-associated osteoporosis: A single-centre experience over two decades. Calcif Tissue Int. 113:591–596. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar :

Li H, Wang C, Jin Y, Cai Y, Sun H and Liu M: The integrative analysis of competitive endogenous RNA regulatory networks in osteoporosis. Sci Rep. 12:95492022. View Article : Google Scholar :

Li S, Liu F, Zheng K, Wang W, Qiu E, Pei Y, Wang S, Zhang J and Zhang X: CircDOCK1 promotes the tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance of osteogenic sarcoma via the miR-339-3p/IGF1R axis. Mol Cancer. 20:1612021. View Article : Google Scholar

Guan Y, Zhang W, Mao Y and Li S: Nanoparticles and bone microenvironment: A comprehensive review for malignant bone tumor diagnosis and treatment. Mol Cancer. 23:2462024. View Article : Google Scholar :

Zhu X and Li S: Nanomaterials in tumor immunotherapy: New strategies and challenges. Mol Cancer. 22:942023. View Article : Google Scholar

Chen Z, Yue Z, Yang K and Li S: Nanomaterials: Small particles show huge possibilities for cancer immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology. 20:4842022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI