Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
March-2026 Volume 57 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2026 Volume 57 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Yaling Dai
    • Qiuling Huang
    • Mengquan Tan
    • Zhifu Wang
    • Cai Jiang
    • Zheng Liu
    • Shenghang Zhang
    • Siyuan Song
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China, Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, P.R. China, Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China, Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Copyright: © Dai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 65
    |
    Published online on: January 21, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5736
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:


Abstract

Mangiferin (MGF) is a natural C‑glucosyl xanthone with multitarget activity relevant to metabolic, inflammatory and cancer diseases. Notably, MGF modulates AMP‑activated protein kinase, NF‑κB, PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling; through these pathways, it affects glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory responses. In metabolic disorders, MGF has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, support mitochondrial function and reduce diabetic complications. In cancer models, MGF suppresses proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, and can influence antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Anti‑inflammatory actions include decreased cytokine release and regulation of the NLR family pyrin domain‑containing 3 inflammasome. Notably, clinical translation remains limited due to its low aqueous solubility, poor oral bioavailability and rapid metabolism. However, benefits of nanocarrier delivery, structural optimization and combination therapy have been reported, which may improve exposure and efficacy in experimental systems. Furthermore, safety signals in animals are favorable at relevant doses, but clinical evidence remains limited. In conclusion, the present review summarizes the pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of MGF across major disease settings and identifies key gaps for translation. Priorities include standardized clinical trials, optimization of delivery strategies, and rigorous assessment of long‑term safety and efficacy.

View Figures

Figure 1

Chemical structure of mangiferin.

Figure 2

Diagram of the relevant
pharmacological properties of mangiferin and its potential
mechanism of action. The metabolic pathways include the following:
M1, deglycosylation to norathyriol; M2, 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone;
M3, methylation to 1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone; M4,
dehydroxylation to 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone; M5, further methylation
to methoxy dimethyl xanthone; M6, glucuronidation products; M7,
sulfated derivatives; M8, dithio-sulfate norathyriol; M9, sulfate
norathyriol glucoside; M10, norathyriol glucuronide sulfate; and
M11, norathyriol glucuronide.

Figure 3

Therapeutic effects of MGF on
diabetes. MGF restores islet function, promotes insulin secretion
and regulates glucose homeostasis. It enhances fatty acid
β-oxidation and glucose transporter 4 expression, alleviates
insulin resistance and reduces diabetic complications. The
AMPK/FoxO3/SIRT3 and PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathways are crucial targets
that contribute to protection against diabetic pulmonary fibrosis,
renal fibrosis and peripheral neuropathy. AMPK, AMP-activated
protein kinase; MGF, mangiferin; SIRT3, sirtuin 3.

Figure 4

Molecular mechanism of the anticancer
effect of MGF. MGF suppresses tumor growth by promoting apoptosis,
exerting anti-inflammatory effects, regulating mitochondrial
function, modulating autophagy and enhancing immune responses.
Upward and downward arrows indicate activation/upregulation or
inhibition/downregulation by MGF, respectively. Yellow circles
indicate activation of the indicated signaling nodes. GSH,
glutathione; IL-1R, IL-1 receptor; MGF, mangiferin; miR, microRNA;
Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; p-,
phosphorylated proteins; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TLRs,
Toll-like receptors; TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6.

Figure 5

Representative therapeutic
applications of MGF and its core molecular mechanisms. MGF exhibits
broad pharmacological activity across multiple organ systems, which
is primarily mediated through the attenuation of oxidative stress
and inflammatory signaling. The core mechanisms include a reduction
in ROS levels, suppression of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome
activation, and activation of the AMPK and SIRT1 pathways. These
convergent regulatory effects underpin the diverse protective
actions of MGF in inflammatory, neurodegenerative, ocular, renal,
cardiovascular, dermatological and infectious diseases. The listed
conditions represent key examples rather than an exhaustive account
of the therapeutic potential of MGF, highlighting its versatility
as a pleiotropic bioactive compound. AMPK, AMP-activated protein
kinase; MGF, mangiferin; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain-containing
3; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SIRT, sirtuin.
View References

1 

Wang M, Liang Y, Chen K, Wang M, Long X, Liu H, Sun Y and He B: The management of diabetes mellitus by mangiferin: Advances and prospects. Nanoscale. 14:2119–2135. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Bhattacharyya S, Ahmmed SM, Saha BP and Mukherjee PK: Soya phospholipid complex of mangiferin enhances its hepatoprotectivity by improving its bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. J Sci Food Agric. 94:1380–1388. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Mei S, Perumal M, Battino M, Kitts DD, Xiao J, Ma H and Chen X: Mangiferin: A review of dietary sources, absorption, metabolism, bioavailability, and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 63:3046–3064. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Morozkina SN, Nhung Vu TH, Generalova YE, Snetkov PP and Uspenskaya MV: Mangiferin as new potential anti-cancer agent and mangiferin-integrated polymer systems-a novel research direction. Biomolecules. 11:792021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Wang M, Zhang Z, Huo Q, Wang M, Sun Y, Liu H, Chang J, He B and Liang Y: Targeted polymeric nanoparticles based on mangiferin for enhanced protection of pancreatic β-cells and type 1 diabetes mellitus efficacy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 14:11092–11103. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Akkewar AS, Mishra KA and Sethi KK: Mangiferin: A natural bioactive immunomodulating glucosylxanthone with potential against cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 38:e237652024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Yehia RS and Altwaim SA: An insight into in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and apoptosis induction potential of mangiferin, a bioactive compound derived from mangifera indica. Plants (Basel). 12:15392023.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Xiang G, Guo S, Xing N, Du Q, Qin J, Gao H, Zhang Y and Wang S: Mangiferin, a potential supplement to improve metabolic syndrome: Current status and future opportunities. Am J Chin Med. 52:355–386. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Li HW, Lan TJ, Yun CX, Yang KD, Du ZC, Luo XF, Hao EW and Deng JG: Mangiferin exerts neuroprotective activity against lead-induced toxicity and oxidative stress via Nrf2 pathway. Chin Herb Med. 12:36–46. 2020.

10 

Aritomi M and Kawasaki T: A new xanthone C-glucoside, position isomer of mangiferin, from anemarrhena asphodeloides bunge. Tetrahedron Lett. 12:941–944. 1969. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Talamond P, Conejero GV, Verdeil JL and Poëssel JL: Isolation of C-glycosyl xanthones from coffea pseudozanguebariae and their location. Nat Prod Commun. 6:1885–1888. 2011.

12 

Vyas A, Syeda K, Ahmad A, Padhye S and Sarkar FH: Perspectives on medicinal properties of mangiferin. Mini Rev Med Chem. 12:412–425. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Du S, Liu H, Lei T, Xie X, Wang H, He X, Tong R and Wang Y: Mangiferin: An effective therapeutic agent against several disorders (review). Mol Med Rep. 18:4775–4786. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Kavitha M, Nataraj J, Essa MM, Memon MA and Manivasagam T: Mangiferin attenuates MPTP induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and improves motor impairment, redox balance and bcl-2/bax expression in experimental Parkinson's disease mice. Chem Biol Interact. 206:239–247. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Hudecová A, Kusznierewicz B, Hašplová K, Huk A, Magdolenová Z, Miadoková E, Gálová E and Dušinská M: Gentiana asclepiadea exerts antioxidant activity and enhances DNA repair of hydrogen peroxide- and silver nanoparticles-induced DNA damage. Food Chem Toxicol. 50:3352–3359. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Andreu GP, Delgado R, Velho JA, Curti C and Vercesi AE: Iron complexing activity of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate. Eur J Pharmacol. 513:47–55. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Gu PC, Wang L, Han MN, Peng J, Shang JC, Pan YQ and Han WL: Comparative pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats after oral and intravenous administration by UPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacology. 103:30–37. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Liu H, Wu B, Pan G, He L, Li Z, Fan M, Jian L, Chen M, Wang K and Huang C: Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 40:2109–2118. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Gelabert-Rebato M, Wiebe JC, Martin-Rincon M, Gericke N, Perez-Valera M, Curtelin D, Galvan-Alvarez V, Lopez-Rios L, Morales-Alamo D and Calbet JAL: Mangifera indica l. Leaf extract in combination with luteolin or quercetin enhances VO2peak and peak power output, and preserves skeletal muscle function during ischemia-reperfusion in humans. Front Physiol. 9:7402018. View Article : Google Scholar :

20 

Ehianeta TS, Laval SP and Yu B: Bio- and chemical syntheses of mangiferin and congeners. Biofactors. 42:445–458. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Tian X, Gao Y, Xu Z, Lian S, Ma Y, Guo X, Hu P, Li Z and Huang C: Pharmacokinetics of mangiferin and its metabolite-norathyriol, part 1: Systemic evaluation of hepatic first-pass effect in vitro and in vivo. Biofactors. 42:533–544. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Hasanah U, Miki K, Nitoda T and Kanzaki H: Aerobic bioconversion of c-glycoside mangiferin into its aglycone norathyriol by an isolated mouse intestinal bacterium. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 85:989–997. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Li X, Jafari SM, Zhou F, Hong H, Jia X, Mei X, Hou G, Yuan Y, Liu B, Chen S, et al: The intracellular fate and transport mechanism of shape, size and rigidity varied nanocarriers for understanding their oral delivery efficiency. Biomaterials. 294:1219952023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Furlanetto V, Kalyani DC, Kostelac A, Puc J, Haltrich D, Hällberg BM and Divne C: Structural and functional characterization of a gene cluster responsible for deglycosylation of C-glucosyl flavonoids and xanthonoids by deinococcus aerius. J Mol Biol. 436:1685472024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Pereira QC, Fortunato IM, Oliveira FS, Alvarez MC, Santos TWD and Ribeiro ML: Polyphenolic compounds: Orchestrating intestinal microbiota harmony during aging. Nutrients. 16:10662024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kaur P, Gupta RC, Dey A, Malik T and Pandey DK: Optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from swertia chirata. Sci Rep. 11:163462021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Suman RK, Borde MK, Mohanty IR and Singh HK: Mechanism of action of natural dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (berberine and mangiferin) in experimentally induced diabetes with metabolic syndrome. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 13:133–142. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Shimada T, Nagai E, Harasawa Y, Watanabe M, Negishi K, Akase T, Sai Y, Miyamoto K and Aburada M: Salacia reticulata inhibits differentiation of 3T3-l1 adipocytes. J Ethnopharmacol. 136:67–74. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Mao X, Liu L, Cheng L, Cheng R, Zhang L, Deng L, Sun X, Zhang Y, Sarmento B and Cui W: Adhesive nanoparticles with inflammation regulation for promoting skin flap regeneration. J Control Release. 297:91–101. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Yang CQ, Xu JH, Yan DD, Liu BL, Liu K and Huang F: Mangiferin ameliorates insulin resistance by inhibiting inflammation and regulatiing adipokine expression in adipocytes under hypoxic condition. Chin J Nat Med. 15:664–673. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Fan X, Jiao G, Pang T, Wen T, He Z, Han J, Zhang F and Chen W: Ameliorative effects of mangiferin derivative TPX on insulin resistance via PI3k/AKT and AMPK signaling pathways in human HepG2 and HL-7702 hepatocytes. Phytomedicine. 114:1547402023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Han J, Yi J, Liang F, Jiang B, Xiao Y, Gao S, Yang N, Hu H, Xie WF and Chen W: X-3, a mangiferin derivative, stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase and reduces hyperglycemia and obesity in db/db mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 405:63–73. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Fu TL, Li GR, Li DH, He RY, Liu BH, Xiong R, Xu CZ, Lu ZL, Song CK, Qiu HL, et al: Mangiferin alleviates diabetic pulmonary fibrosis in mice via inhibiting endothelial-mesenchymal transition through AMPK/FoxO3/SIRT3 axis. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 45:1002–1018. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Song Y, Liu W, Tang K, Zang J, Li D and Gao H: Mangiferin alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice through regulating the PTEN/PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. J Diabetes Res. 2020:94817202020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Shivam and Gupta AK: Neuroprotective effects of isolated mangiferin from swertia chirayita leaves regulating oxidative pathway on streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy in experimental rats. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 24:182–195. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Iqbal H, Inam-Ur-Raheem M, Munir S, Rabail R, Kafeel S, Shahid A, Mousavi Khaneghah A and Aadil RM: Therapeutic potential of mangiferin in cancer: unveiling regulatory pathways, mechanisms of action, and bioavailability enhancements-an updated review. Food Sci Nutr. 12:1413–1429. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Xiao J, Liu L, Zhong Z, Xiao C and Zhang J: Mangiferin regulates proliferation and apoptosis in glioma cells by induction of microRNA-15b and inhibition of MMP-9 expression. Oncol Rep. 33:2815–2820. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Gold-Smith F, Fernandez A and Bishop K: Mangiferin and cancer: Mechanisms of action. Nutrients. 8:3962016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Alharbi HOA, Alwanian WM, Alhunayhani BA, Algahtani M, Theyab A, Almansour NM, Algefary AN, et al: Role of mangiferin in management of cancers through modulation of signal transduction pathways. Biomedicines. 11:32052023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Takeda T, Tsubaki M, Sakamoto K, Ichimura E, Enomoto A, Suzuki Y, Itoh T, Imano M, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, et al: Mangiferin, a novel nuclear factor kappa b-inducing kinase inhibitor, suppresses metastasis and tumor growth in a mouse metastatic melanoma model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 306:105–112. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Jung JS, Jung K, Kim DH and Kim HES: Selective inhibition of MMP-9 gene expression by mangiferin in PMA-stimulated human astroglioma cells: involvement of PI3k/akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res. 66:95–103. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Dilshara MG, Kang CH, Choi YH and Kim GY: Mangiferin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and cellular invasion by suppressing nuclear factor-κB activity. BMB Rep. 48:559–564. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Shoji K, Tsubaki M, Yamazoe Y, Satou T, Itoh T, Kidera Y, Tanimori Y, Yanae M, Matsuda H, Taga A, et al: Mangiferin induces apoptosis by suppressing Bcl-xL and XIAP expressions and nuclear entry of NF-κB in HL-60 cells. Arch Pharm Res. 34:469–475. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Gong M, Li Y, Ye X, Zhang L, Wang Z, Xu X, Shen Y and Zheng C: Loss-of-function mutations in KEAP1 drive lung cancer progression via KEAP1/NRF2 pathway activation. Cell Commun Signal. 18:982020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

DeBlasi JM, Falzone A, Caldwell S, Prieto-Farigua N, Prigge JR, Schmidt EE, Chio IIC, Karreth FA and DeNicola GM: Distinct nrf2 signaling thresholds mediate lung tumor initiation and progression. Cancer Res. 83:1953–1967. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Pal PB, Sinha K and Sil PC: Mangiferin attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated signaling cascade, TNFα related and mitochondrial dependent apoptotic pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PLoS One. 9:e1072202014. View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Du M, Wen G, Jin J, Chen Y, Cao J and Xu A: Mangiferin prevents the growth of gastric carcinoma by blocking the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Anticancer Drugs. 29:167–175. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Zou B, Wang H, Liu Y, Qi P, Lei T, Sun M and Wang Y: Mangiferin induces apoptosis in human ovarian adenocarcinoma OVCAR3 cells via the regulation of Notch3. Oncol Rep. 38:1431–1441. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Xia J, Li X, Yao J, Song D, Gu Z, Zheng G and Tu C: Mangiferin targets PFKFB3 to inhibit glioblastoma progression by suppressing glycolysis and PI3k/AKT/mTOR signaling. Brain Res Bull. 230:1115202025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Girón MD, Sevillano N, Salto R, Haidour A, Manzano M, Jiménez ML, Rueda R and López-Pedrosa JM: Salacia oblonga extract increases glucose transporter 4-mediated glucose uptake in L6 rat myotubes: Role of mangiferin. Clin Nutr. 28:565–574. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Apontes P, Liu Z, Su K, Benard O, Youn DY, Li X, Li W, Mirza RH, Bastie CC, Jelicks LA, et al: Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. Diabetes. 63:3626–3636. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Singh AK, Raj V, Keshari AK, Rai A, Kumar P, Rawat A, Maity B, Kumar D, Prakash A, De A, et al: Isolated mangiferin and naringenin exert antidiabetic effect via PPAR(γ)/GLUT4 dual agonistic action with strong metabolic regulation. Chem Biol Interact. 280:33–44. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Mistry J, Biswas M, Sarkar S and Ghosh S: Antidiabetic activity of mango peel extract and mangiferin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Future J Pharm. 9:222023. View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Alsaedi AQ, Nader MA, El-Kashef DH and Abdelmageed ME: Mangiferin mitigates dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rats: Insight into vascular dysfunction and hepatic steatosis. Front Pharmacol. 16:15727582025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Żuryń A, Krajewski A, Szulc D, Litwiniec A and Grzanka A: Activity of cyclin B1 in HL-60 cells treated with etoposide. Acta Histochem. 118:537–543. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Shi W, Deng J, Tong R, Yang Y, He X, Lv J, Wang H, Deng S, Qi P, Zhang D and Wang Y: Molecular mechanisms underlying mangiferin-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep. 13:3423–3432. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Pal-Ghosh R, Xue D, Warburton R, Hill N, Polgar P and Wilson JL: CDC2 is an important driver of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via FOXM1 and PLK1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Mol Sci. 22:69432021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Gonnella R, Zarrella R, Di Crosta M, Benedetti R, Arena A, Santarelli R, Gilardini Montani MS, D'Orazi G and Cirone M: HSP110 inhibition in primary effusion lymphoma cells: One molecule, many pro-survival targets. Cancers (Basel). 15:56512023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Huysentruyt J, Steels W, Ruiz Perez M, Verstraeten B, Vadi M, Divert T, Flies K, Takahashi N, Lambrecht BN, Declercq W, et al: RIPK1 protects naive and regulatory T cells from TNFR1-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 31:820–832. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Liu Z, Li Y, Zhu Y, Li N, Li W, Shang C, Song G, Li S, Cong J, Li T, et al: Apoptin induces pyroptosis of colorectal cancer cells via the GSDME-dependent pathway. Int J Biol Sci. 18:717–730. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Pan LL, Wang AY, Huang YQ, Luo Y and Ling M: Mangiferin induces apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 and bax expression in the CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 15:7065–7068. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Kim H, Kim H, Mosaddik A, Gyawali R, Ahn KS and Cho SK: Induction of apoptosis by ethanolic extract of mango peel and comparative analysis of the chemical constitutes of mango peel and flesh. Food Chem. 133:416–422. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Budakoti M, Panwar AS, Molpa D, Singh RK, Busselberg D, Mishra AP, Coutinho HDM and Nigam M: Micro-RNA: The darkhorse of cancer. Cell Signal. 83:1099952021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Maclean JA II, King ML, Okuda H and Hayashi K: WNT7a regulation by mir-15b in ovarian cancer. PLoS One. 11:e01561092016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Li M, Ma H, Yang L and Li P: Mangiferin inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is correlated with downregulation of b-cell lymphoma-2 and upregulation of microRNA-182. Oncol Lett. 11:817–822. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Chi XJ, Meng JJ, Lin CY, Su QS, Qin YY, Wei RH, Lan D and Huang C: Mangiferin inhibits human lung adenocarcinoma by suppressing MiR-27b and MiR-92a. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021:28229502021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Green DR: The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis: Part I: MOMP and beyond. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 14:a0410382022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Bhat TA, Chaudhary AK, Kumar S, O'Malley J, Inigo JR, Kumar R, Yadav N and Chandra D: Endoplasmic reticulum-mediated unfolded protein response and mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 1867:58–66. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

69 

Rodriguez-Gonzalez JC, Hernández-Balmaseda I, Declerck K, Pérez-Novo C, Logie E, Theys C, Jakubek P, Quiñones-Maza OL, Dantas-Cassali G, Carlos Dos Reis D, et al: Antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic therapy response by mangiferin in a syngeneic immunocompetent colorectal cancer mouse model involves changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism. Front Pharmacol. 12:6701672021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Rajendran P, Ekambaram G and Sakthisekaran D: Effect of mangiferin on benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in experimental swiss albino mice. Nat Prod Res. 22:672–680. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Tang Z, Lai CC, Luo J, Ding YT, Chen Q and Guan ZZ: Mangiferin prevents the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and an increase in oxidative stress caused by excessive fluoride in SH-SY5Y cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 35:e227052021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Hajam YA, Rani R, Ganie SY, Sheikh TA, Javaid D, Qadri SS, Pramodh S, Alsulimani A, Alkhanani MF, Harakeh S, et al: Oxidative stress in human pathology and aging: molecular mechanisms and perspectives. Cells. 11:5522022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Ren J, Su D, Li L, Cai H, Zhang M, Zhai J, Li M, Wu X and Hu K: Anti-inflammatory effects of aureusidin in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via suppressing NF-κB and activating ROS- and MAPKs-dependent Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 387:1148462020. View Article : Google Scholar

74 

Qin ZZ, Ruan J, Lee MR, Sun K, Chen P, Chen Y, Hong M, Xia LH, Fang J and Tang H: Mangiferin promotes bregs level, activates Nrf2 antioxidant signaling, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokine expression in murine splenic mononuclear cells in vitro. Curr Med Sci. 41:454–464. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Zhao J, Zhang B, Li S, Zeng L, Chen Y and Fang J: Mangiferin increases nrf2 protein stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation in human HL60 myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Mol Med. 33:1348–1354. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Kavitha M, Manivasagam T, Essa MM, Tamilselvam K, Selvakumar GP, Karthikeyan S, Thenmozhi JA and Subash S: Mangiferin antagonizes rotenone: induced apoptosis through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem Res. 39:668–676. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Walia V, Chaudhary SK and Kumar Sethiya N: Therapeutic potential of mangiferin in the treatment of various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int. 143:1049392021. View Article : Google Scholar

78 

Rui R, Zhou L and He S: Cancer immunotherapies: Advances and bottlenecks. Front Immunol. 14:12124762023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Yang G, Shang X, Cui G, Zhao L, Zhao H and Wang N: Mangiferin attenuated diethynitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in sprague-dawley rats via alteration of oxidative stress and apoptotic pathway. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 38:1–12. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Abdul-Aziz Ahmed K, Jabbar AAJ, Abdulla MA, Zuhair Alamri Z, Ain Salehen N, Abdel Aziz Ibrahim I, Almaimani G, Bamagous GA, Almaimani RA, Almasmoum HA, et al: Mangiferin (mango) attenuates AOM-induced colorectal cancer in rat's colon by augmentation of apoptotic proteins and antioxidant mechanisms. Sci Rep. 14:8132024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Padma VV, Kalaiselvi P, Yuvaraj R and Rabeeth M: Mangiferin induces cell death against rhabdomyosarcoma through sustained oxidative stress. Integr Med Res. 4:66–75. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Song J, Li Y, Song J, Hou F, Liu B and Li A: Mangiferin protects mitochondrial function by preserving mitochondrial hexokinase-II in vessel endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 1863:1829–1839. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Imran M, Arshad MS, Butt MS, Kwon JH, Arshad MU and Sultan MT: Mangiferin: A natural miracle bioactive compound against lifestyle related disorders. Lipids Health Dis. 16:842017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Trachootham D, Alexandre J and Huang P: Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: A radical therapeutic approach? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 8:579–591. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

85 

Ismail MB, Rajendran P, Abuzahra HM and Veeraraghavan VP: Mangiferin inhibits apoptosis in doxorubicin-induced vascular endothelial cells via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 22:42592021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

86 

Kucharczyk K, Florczak A, Kaminska A, Guzniczak N, Sikorska A, Deptuch T and Dams-Kozlowska H: MMPs-responsive silk spheres for controlled drug release within tumor microenvironment. Int J Biol Macromol. 269:1320162024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

Chen J, Liu Z, Fang H, Su Q, Fan Y, Song L and He S: Therapeutic efficacy of a novel self-assembled immunostimulatory siRNA combining apoptosis promotion with RIG-I activation in gliomas. J Transl Med. 22:3952024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

88 

Gálvez-Rodríguez A, Ferino-Pérez A, Rodríguez-Riera Z, Guerra IR and Jáuregui-Haza UJ: In silico evaluation of new mangiferin-based positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals through the inhibition of metalloproteinase-9. J Mol Graph Model. 124:1085692023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Delgado-Hernández R, Hernández-Balmaseda I, Rodeiro-Guerra I, Cesar Rodriguez Gonzalez J, De Wever O, Logie E, Declerck K, Pérez-Novo C and Vanden Berghe W: Anti-angiogenic effects of mangiferin and mechanism of action in metastatic melanoma. Melanoma Res. 30:39–51. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

90 

Prata C, Angeloni C and Maraldi T: Strategies to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic-degenerative diseases 2.0. Int J Mol Sci. 25:50262024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Ghodsi A, Hidalgo A and Libreros S: Lipid mediators in neutrophil biology: Inflammation, resolution and beyond. Curr Opin Hematol. 31:175–192. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

Lu C, Deng S, Liu Y, Yang S, Qin D, Zhang L, Wang RR and Zhang Y: Inhibition of macrophage MAPK/NF-κB pathway and th2 axis by mangiferin ameliorates MC903-induced atopic dermatitis. Int Immunopharmacol. 133:1120382024. View Article : Google Scholar

93 

Nilkhet S, Mongkolpobsin K, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Wongsirojkul N, Tencomnao T and Chuchawankul S: M1 macrophages polarized by crude polysaccharides isolated from auricularia polytricha exhibit anti-tumor effect on human breast cancer cells. Sci Rep. 14:81792024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

94 

Li SZ, Shu QP, Zhou HM, Liu YY, Fan MQ, Liang XY, Qi LZ, He YN, Liu XY, Du XH, et al: CLK2 mediates IκBα-independent early termination of NF-κB activation by inducing cytoplasmic redistribution and degradation. Nat Commun. 15:39012024. View Article : Google Scholar

95 

Wu Y, Yao X, Shi X, Xu Z, Ren J, Shi M, Li M, Liu J and Du X: Myeloma extracellular vesicle-derived RAGE increases inflammatory responses and myotube atrophy in multiple myeloma through activation of the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. Apoptosis. 29:849–864. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar

96 

Cui Y, Li Z, Ni L, Yu S, Shan X, Hu P, Ji Z, Jing W, Zhou Y, Wang B, et al: Induction of MTHFD2 in macrophages inhibits reactive oxygen species-mediated NF-κB activation and protects against inflammatory responses. J Immunol. 212:1345–1356. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

97 

Zheng M, Liu W, Zhang R, Jiang D, Shi Y, Wu Y, Ge F and Chen C: E3 ubiquitin ligase BCA2 promotes breast cancer stemness by up-regulation of SOX9 by LPS. Int J Biol Sci. 20:2686–2697. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

98 

Eisa NH, Helmy SA, El-Kashef DH, El-Sherbiny M and Elsherbiny NM: Pramipexole protects against diabetic neuropathy: effect on oxidative stress, TLR4/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/NF-κB and downstream inflammatory mediators. Int Immunopharmacol. 128:1115142024. View Article : Google Scholar

99 

García-Rivera D, Delgado R, Bougarne N, Haegeman G and Berghe WV: Gallic acid indanone and mangiferin xanthone are strong determinants of immunosuppressive anti-tumour effects of mangifera indica l. Bark in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 305:21–31. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

Dai C, Yu L, Wang Z, Deng P, Li L, Gu Z, He X, Wang J and Yuan J: Mangiferin and taurine ameliorate MSRV infection by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Microbiol Spectr. 11:e05146222023. View Article : Google Scholar

101 

Gálvez-Rodríguez A, Ferino-Pérez A, Rodríguez-Riera Z, Rodeiro Guerra I, řeha D, Minofar B and Jáuregui-Haza UJ: Explaining the interaction of mangiferin with MMP-9 and NF-κβ: A computational study. J Mol Model. 28:2662022. View Article : Google Scholar

102 

Chen Q, Wang S, Bao R, Wang D, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu M and Wang T: Combination of mangiferin and T0901317 targeting autophagy promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cell in atherosclerosis. Chin Med. 19:52024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

103 

Zhu P, Liu C, Li B, Zhao C, Zhou T, Xue X and Zhang B: Mangiferin attenuates IL-1β-induced chondrocytes apoptosis. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 46:25–31. 2021.In Chinese, English. PubMed/NCBI

104 

Deng Q, Tian YX and Liang J: Mangiferin inhibits cell migration and invasion through Rac1/WAVE2 signalling in breast cancer. Cytotechnology. 70:593–601. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

105 

Shang HS, Chen CJ, Shih YL, Peng SF, Chen YL, Liu KC, Huang HC, Hsueh SC, Chen KW, Lu HF, et al: Mangiferin induces immune responses and evaluates the survival rate in WEHI-3 cell generated mouse leukemia in vivo. Environ Toxicol. 36:77–85. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

106 

Jeong JJ, Jang SE, Hyam SR, Han MJ and Kim DH: Mangiferin ameliorates colitis by inhibiting IRAK1 phosphorylation in NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Eur J Pharmacol. 740:652–661. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

107 

Kammalla AK, Ramasamy MK, Inampudi J, Dubey GP, Agrawal A and Kaliappan I: Comparative pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin after oral administration of pure mangiferin and US patented polyherbal formulation to rats. AAPS PharmSciTech. 16:250–258. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

108 

Reddeman RA, Glávits R, Endres JR, Clewell AE, Hirka GB, Vértesi A, Béres E and Szakonyiné IP: A toxicological evaluation of mango leaf extract (mangifera indica) containing 60% mangiferin. J Toxicol. 2019:47630152019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

109 

Zhang Q, Kong X, Yuan H, Guan H, Li Y and Niu Y: Mangiferin improved palmitate-induced-insulin resistance by promoting free fatty acid metabolism in HepG2 and c2c12 cells via PPARα: mangiferin improved insulin resistance. J Diabetes Res. 2019:20526752019. View Article : Google Scholar

110 

Jeyakodi S, Krishnakumar A, Dalal M and Shetty BS: Assessment of efficacy and safety of mangifera indica extract (stadice®) for cognitive function: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cureus. 16:e657512024.

111 

Bulugonda RK, Kumar KA, Gangappa D, Beeda H, Philip GH, Muralidhara Rao D and Faisal SM: Mangiferin from pueraria tuberosa reduces inflammation via inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Sci Rep. 7:426832017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

112 

Jyotshna, Khare P and Shanker K: Mangiferin: A review of sources and interventions for biological activities. Biofactors. 42:504–514. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

113 

Irshad N, Naeem H, Shahbaz M, Imran M, Mujtaba A, Hussain M, Al Abdulmonem W, Alsagaby SA, Yehuala TF, Abdelgawad MA, et al: Mangiferin: An effective agent against human malignancies. Food Sci Nutr. 12:7137–7157. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

114 

Prado Y, Merino N, Acosta J, Herrera JA, Luque Y, Hernández I, Prado E, Garrido G, Delgado R and Rodeiro I: Acute and 28-day subchronic toxicity studies of mangiferin, a glucosyl xanthone isolated from mangifera indica L. Stem bark. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res. 3:13–23. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

115 

Feng ST, Wang ZZ, Yuan YH, Sun HM, Chen NH and Zhang Y: Mangiferin: a multipotent natural product preventing neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease models. Pharmacol Res. 146:1043362019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

116 

Santonocito D, Vivero-Lopez M, Lauro MR, Torrisi C, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG and Puglia C: Design of nanotechnological carriers for ocular delivery of mangiferin: Preformulation study. Molecules. 27:13282022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

117 

Suchal K, Malik S, Khan SI, Malhotra RK, Goyal SN, Bhatia J, Kumari S, Ojha S and Arya DS: Protective effect of mangiferin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Role of AGE-RAGE/MAPK pathways. Sci Rep. 7:420272017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

118 

Espinosa-Espinosa L, Garduño-Siciliano L, Rodriguez-Canales M, Hernandez-Portilla LB, Canales-Martinez MM and Rodriguez-Monroy MA: The wound-healing effect of mango peel extract on incision wounds in a murine model. Molecules. 27:2592022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

119 

Pal PB, Sinha K and Sil PC: Mangiferin, a natural xanthone, protects murine liver in Pb(II) induced hepatic damage and cell death via MAP kinase, NF-κB and mitochondria dependent pathways. PLoS One. 8:e568942013. View Article : Google Scholar

120 

Chen X and Huang J: Mangiferin inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med. 22:12202021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Sadhukhan P, Saha S, Dutta S and Sil PC: Mangiferin ameliorates cisplatin induced acute kidney injury by upregulating Nrf-2 via the activation of PI3K and exhibits synergistic anticancer activity with cisplatin. Front Pharmacol. 9:6382018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

122 

Li W, Wang K, Liu Y, Wu H, He Y, Li C, Wang Q, Su X, Yan S, Su W, et al: A novel drug combination of mangiferin and cinnamic acid alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting TLR4/NFκB/NLRP3 activation-induced pyroptosis. Front Immunol. 13:9129332022. View Article : Google Scholar

123 

Radu AF and Bungau SG: Management of rheumatoid arthritis: An overview. Cells. 10:28572021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

124 

Yong Z, Ruiqi W, Hongji Y, Ning M, Chenzuo J, Yu Z, Zhixuan X, Qiang L, Qibing L, Weiying L and Xiaopo Z: Mangiferin ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD through regulation of the AMPK and NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathways. J Immunol Res. 2021:40845662021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

125 

Wang H, Zhu YY, Wang L, Teng T, Zhou M, Wang SG, Tian YZ, Du L, Yin XX and Sun Y: Mangiferin ameliorates fatty liver via modulation of autophagy and inflammation in high-fat-diet induced mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 96:328–335. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

126 

Li N, Xiong R, He R, Liu B, Wang B and Geng Q: Mangiferin mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Inflamm Res. 14:2289–2300. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

127 

Saccà SC, Cutolo CA, Ferrari D, Corazza P and Traverso CE: The eye, oxidative damage and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutrients. 10:6682018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

128 

Kim SJ, Sung MS, Heo H, Lee JH and Park SWO: Mangiferin protects retinal ganglion cells in ischemic mouse retina via SIRT1. Curr Eye Res. 41:844–855. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

129 

Fung TH, Patel B, Wilmot EG and Amoaku WM: Diabetic retinopathy for the non-ophthalmologist. Clin Med (Lond). 22:112–116. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

130 

Shi J, Lv H, Tang C, Li Y, Huang J and Zhang H: Mangiferin inhibits cell migration and angiogenesis via PI3k/AKT/mTOR signaling in high glucose- and hypoxia-induced RRCECs. Mol Med Rep. 23:4732021. View Article : Google Scholar :

131 

Li X, Cui X, Wang J, Yang J, Sun X, Li X, Zhu Q and Li W: Rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides counteracts diabetic ophthalmopathy progression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res. 27:1243–1250. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

132 

Hayes MT: Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. Am J Med. 132:802–807. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

133 

Li Y, Xia Y, Yin S, Wan F, Hu J, Kou L, Sun Y, Wu J, Zhou Q, Huang J, et al: Targeting microglial α-synuclein/TLRs/NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in Parkinson's disease. Front Immunol. 12:7198072021. View Article : Google Scholar

134 

Chu YC, Yang CS, Cheng MJ, Fu SL and Chen JJ: Comparison of various solvent extracts and major bioactive components from unsalt-fried and salt-fried rhizomes of anemarrhena asphodeloides for antioxidant, anti-α-glucosidase, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. Antioxidants (Basel). 11:3852022. View Article : Google Scholar

135 

Chen M, Wang Z, Zhou W, Lu C, Ji T, Yang W, Jin Z, Tian Y, Lei W, Wu S, et al: SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling activation by mangiferin attenuates cerebral hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in neuroblastoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 907:1742362021. View Article : Google Scholar

136 

Arora MK, Kisku A and Jangra A: Mangiferin ameliorates intracerebroventricular-quinolinic acid-induced cognitive deficits, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in wistar rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 52:296–305. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

137 

Liu T, Song Y and Hu A: Neuroprotective mechanisms of mangiferin in neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Dev Res. 82:494–502. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

138 

Du Z, Fanshi F, Lai YH, Chen JR, Hao E, Deng J and Hsiao CD: Mechanism of anti-dementia effects of mangiferin in a senescence accelerated mouse (SAMP8) model. Biosci Rep. 39:BSR201904882019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

139 

López-Ríos L, Wiebe JC, Vega-Morales T and Gericke N: Central nervous system activities of extract mangifera indica L. J Ethnopharmacol. 260:1129962020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

140 

Ho HJ and Shirakawa H: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Cells. 12:882022. View Article : Google Scholar

141 

Wang B, Wan J, Gong X, Kuang G, Cheng X and Min S: Mangiferin attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammation and inducing adenosine production. Int Immunopharmacol. 25:148–154. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

142 

Zhang D, Han S, Zhou Y, Qi B and Wang X: Therapeutic effects of mangiferin on sepsis-associated acute lung and kidney injuries via the downregulation of vascular permeability and protection of inflammatory and oxidative damages. Eur J Pharm Sci. 152:1054002020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

143 

Samsu N: Diabetic nephropathy: Challenges in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Biomed Res Int. 2021:14974492021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

144 

Xu GK, Sun CY, Qin XY, Han Y, Li Y, Xie GY and Min-Jian Q: Effects of ethanol extract of bombax ceiba leaves and its main constituent mangiferin on diabetic nephropathy in mice. Chin J Nat Med. 15:597–605. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

145 

Wang X, Gao L, Lin H, Song J, Wang J, Yin Y, Zhao J, Xu X, Li Z and Li L: Mangiferin prevents diabetic nephropathy progression and protects podocyte function via autophagy in diabetic rat glomeruli. Eur J Pharmacol. 824:170–178. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

146 

Chen L, Li S, Zhu J, You A, Huang X, Yi X and Xue M: Mangiferin prevents myocardial infarction-induced apoptosis and heart failure in mice by activating the Sirt1/FoxO3a pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 25:2944–2955. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

147 

Han J, Yang N, Zhang F, Zhang C, Liang F, Xie W and Chen W: Rhizoma anemarrhenae extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetic rodents. J Ethnopharmacol. 172:368–376. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

148 

Wang Y, Karmakar T, Ghosh N, Basak S and Gopal Sahoo N: Targeting mangiferin loaded n-succinyl chitosan-alginate grafted nanoparticles against atherosclerosis-a case study against diabetes mediated hyperlipidemia in rat. Food Chem. 370:1313762022. View Article : Google Scholar

149 

Hou J, Zheng D, Fung G, Deng H, Chen L, Liang J, Jiang Y and Hu Y: Mangiferin suppressed advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through NF-κB deactivation and displayed anti-inflammatory effects in streptozotocin and high fat diet-diabetic cardiomyopathy rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 94:332–340. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

150 

Zhao Y, Wang W, Wu X, Ma X, Qu R, Chen X, Liu C, Liu Y, Wang X, Yan P, et al: Mangiferin antagonizes TNF-α-mediated inflammatory reaction and protects against dermatitis in a mice model. Int Immunopharmacol. 45:174–179. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

151 

Gunter NV, Teh SS, Lim YM and Mah SH: Natural xanthones and skin inflammatory diseases: Multitargeting mechanisms of action and potential application. Front Pharmacol. 11:5942022020. View Article : Google Scholar

152 

Kumar M, Saurabh V, Tomar M, Hasan M, Changan S, Sasi M, Maheshwari C, Prajapati U, Singh S, Prajapat RK, et al: Mango (mangifera indica l.) Leaves: nutritional composition, phytochemical profile, and health-promoting bioactivities. Antioxidants (Basel). 10:2292021.

153 

Ouf SA, Galal AMF, Ibrahim HS, Hassan AZ, Mekhael MKG, El-Yasergy KF, El-Ghany MNA, Rizk MA and Hanna AG: Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigation of the leaves of five egyptian mango cultivars and evaluation of their essential oils as preservatives materials. J Food Sci Technol. 58:3130–3142. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

154 

Saifi S, Ashraf A, Hasan GM, Shamsi A and Hassan MI: Insights into the preventive actions of natural compounds against klebsiella pneumoniae infections and drug resistance. Fitoterapia. 173:1058112024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

155 

Li H, Wang Q, Ding Y, Bao C and Li W: Mangiferin ameliorates porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis by inhibiting phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB and janus kinase 1-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. J Periodontal Res. 52:1–7. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

156 

Angusamy A, Balasubramanian V, Arunmurugan B, Arunachalam K, Issac Abraham SVP, Murugesan S, Krishnasamy B, Sundaram J and Arumugam VR: Anti-infective potential of plant-derived quorum sensing inhibitors against multi-drug resistant human and aquatic bacterial pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 39:1472023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

157 

Ma H, Chen H, Sun L, Tong L and Zhang T: Improving permeability and oral absorption of mangiferin by phospholipid complexation. Fitoterapia. 93:54–61. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

158 

Pacheco-Ordaz RN, Antunes-Ricardo M, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA and González-Aguilar GA: Intestinal permeability and cellular antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from mango (mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo) peels. Int J Mol Sci. 19:5142018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

159 

Hou S, Wang F, Li Y, Li Y, Wang M, Sun D and Sun C: Pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in human plasma after oral administration. Food Chem. 132:289–294. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

160 

Bunt D, Schwalbe M, Hayeeawaema F and El Aidy S: Gut microbiota-mediated conversion of mangiferin to norathyriol alters short chain fatty acid and urate metabolism. Gut Microbes. 17:25084222025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

161 

Barakat S, Nasr M, Ahmed RF, Badawy S and Mortada N: Recent formulation advances of mangiferin. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 32:871–882. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

162 

Guo X, Cheng M, Hu P, Shi Z, Chen S, Liu H, Shi H, Xu Z, Tian X and Huang C: Absorption, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics profiles of norathyriol, an aglycone of mangiferin, in rats by HPLC-MS/MS. J Agric Food Chem. 66:12227–12235. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

163 

Lin A, Li J, Li D, Jin H and Liu Y: Tissue distribution study of mangiferin after intragastric administration of mangiferin monomer, rhizoma anemarrhenae, and rhizoma anemarrhenae-phellodendron decoctions in normal or type 2 diabetic rats by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 1122-1123:18–28. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

164 

Al-Madhagi H: From nature to nanotechnology: The bioactivities of mangiferin explored. Nanotechnol Sci Appl. 18:277–294. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

165 

Shaikh I and Tatapudi HK: A review on formulation and analytical aspect of mangiferin a natural phenolic xanthonoid. Discov Chem. 2:1152025. View Article : Google Scholar

166 

Fuentes-Rios D, Sanchez-Rodriguez A, Lopez-Rios L, Garcia-Gonzalez E, Martinez-Canton M, Galvan-Alvarez V, Gallego-Selles A, Martin-Rincon M, Calbet JAL and Vega-Morales T: Human pharmacokinetic profiling and comparative analysis of mangiferin and its monosodium derivative from mangifera indica extracts using UHPLC-MS/MS with (1)h NMR and MALDI-TOF confirmation. Molecules. 30:4612025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

167 

Zhou H, Song S, Lan X, Li Y, Yuan X, Yang J, Li M, Cao T and Zhang J: Comprehensive profiling of mangiferin metabolites in vivo and in vitro based on the 'drug metabolite clusters' analytical strategy. ACS Omega. 8:9934–9946. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

168 

van der Merwe JD, Joubert E, Manley M, de Beer D, Malherbe CJ and Gelderblom WCA: Mangiferin glucuronidation: Important hepatic modulation of antioxidant activity. Food Chem Toxicol. 50:808–815. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

169 

Souza JR, Trevisan MTS, Feitosa JP, Ricardo NGM, Hull WE, Erben G, Würtele G, Breuer A, Frei E and Ulrich CM: Transformation of mangiferin to norathyriol by human fecal matrix in anaerobic conditions: Comprehensive NMR of the xanthone metabolites, antioxidant capacity, and comparative cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. Nat Prod Commun. Mar 5–2020.Epub ahead of print.

170 

Sarfraz M, Khan A, Batiha GE, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Ajiboye BO, Kamal M, Ali A, Alotaibi NM, Aaghaz S, et al: Nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches of mangiferin: Promises, reality and challenges in cancer chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel). 15:41942023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

171 

Shaikenov RO, Klimshina VI, Morozkina SN and Snetkov PP: Polymeric matrices for mangiferin delivery: Ways to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic effect. Eng Proc. 87:782025.

172 

Razura-Carmona FF, Pérez-Larios A, González-Silva N, Herrera-Martínez M, Medina-Torres L, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG and Sánchez-Burgos JA: Mangiferin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles: Optical characterization, effect of anti-topoisomerase I, and cytotoxicity. Cancers (Basel). 11:19652019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

173 

Samadarsi R and Dutta D: Anti-oxidative effect of mangiferin-chitosan nanoparticles on oxidative stress-induced renal cells. Int J Biol Macromol. 151:36–46. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

174 

Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Nie D, Liu C and Gan Y: Ligand-modified nanocarriers for oral drug delivery: Challenges, rational design, and applications. J Control Release. 352:813–832. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

175 

Ejazi SA, Louisthelmy R and Maisel K: Mechanisms of nanoparticle transport across intestinal tissue: An oral delivery perspective. ACS Nano. 17:13044–13061. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

176 

Wang H, Shao W, Lu X, Gao C, Fang L, Yang X and Zhu P: Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro anti-tumor activity studies of the hyaluronic acid-mangiferin-methotrexate nanodrug targeted delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol. 239:1242082023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

177 

Guo H, Chen M, Li M, Hu M, Chen B and Zhou C: Pharmacokinetic comparisons of mangiferin and mangiferin monosodium salt in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. J Chem. Nov 14–2019.Epub ahead of print. View Article : Google Scholar

178 

Lin H, Teng H, Wu W, Li Y, Lv G, Huang X, Yan W and Lin Z: Pharmacokinetic and metabolomic analyses of mangiferin calcium salt in rat models of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 21:592020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

179 

Faria M, Björnmalm M, Thurecht KJ, Kent SJ, Parton RG, Kavallaris M, Johnston APR, Gooding JJ, Corrie SR, Boyd BJ, et al: Minimum information reporting in bio-nano experimental literature. Nat Nanotechnol. 13:777–785. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

180 

Sellamuthu PS, Muniappan BP, Perumal SM and Kandasamy M: Antihyperglycemic effect of mangiferin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Health Sci. 55:206–214. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

181 

Rodeiro I, José Gómez-Lechón M, Perez G, Hernandez I, Herrera JA, Delgado R, Castell JV and Teresa Donato M: Mangifera indica L. Extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome p450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Phytother Res. 27:745–752. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

182 

Sun D, Zhang CZ, Ran RX, Cao YF, Du Z, Fu ZW, Huang CT, Zhao ZY, Zhang WH and Fang ZZ: In vitro comparative study of the inhibitory effects of mangiferin and its aglycone norathyriol towards UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) isoforms. Molecules. 22:10082017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

183 

Chieli E, Romiti N, Rodeiro I and Garrido G: In vitro effects of mangifera indica and polyphenols derived on ABCB1/p-glycoprotein activity. Food Chem Toxicol. 47:2703–2710. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

184 

Shang Y, Tian J, Zhang Z, Luo L, Saeheng S, Qiu S, Zhou R, Chen J and Li L: Mangiferin: Sources, anti-inflammatory activities, and molecular mechanisms. J Agric Food Chem. 73:27145–27160. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

185 

Na L, Zhang Q, Jiang S, Du S, Zhang W, Li Y, Sun C and Niu Y: Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 5:103442015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

186 

Peng ZG, Yao YB, Yang J, Tang YL and Huang X: Mangiferin induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase through ATR-Chk1 pathway in HL-60 leukemia cells. Genet Mol Res. 14:4989–5002. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

187 

Li J, Liu M, Yu H, Wang W, Han L, Chen Q, Ruan J, Wen S, Zhang Y and Wang T: Mangiferin improves hepatic lipid metabolism mainly through its metabolite-norathyriol by modulating SIRT-1/AMPK/SREBP-1c signaling. Front Pharmacol. 9:2012018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

188 

Bhatia J, Suchal K, Bhargava P, Malik S and Arya D: Evaluation of the cardioprotective effect of mangiferin in an experimental model of ischemia reperfusion injury. J Hypertens. 39:e2802021. View Article : Google Scholar

189 

Zivković J, Kumar KA, Rushendran R, Ilango K, Fahmy NM, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M, Ezzat SM, Melgar-Lalanne G, Romero-Montero A, et al: Pharmacological properties of mangiferin: Bioavailability, mechanisms of action and clinical perspectives. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 397:763–781. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar

190 

Ren K, Li H, Zhou HF, Liang Y, Tong M, Chen L, Zheng XL and Zhao GJ: Mangiferin promotes macrophage cholesterol efflux and protects against atherosclerosis by augmenting the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Aging (Albany NY). 11:10992–11009. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

191 

Minniti G, Laurindo LF, Machado NM, Duarte LG, Guiguer EL, Araujo AC, Dias JA, Lamas CB, Nunes YC, Bechara MD, et al: Mangifera indica L., By-products, and mangiferin on cardio-metabolic and other health conditions: A systematic review. Life (Basel). 13:22702023.PubMed/NCBI

192 

Shen JM, Xu L, Lu Y, Cao HM, Xu ZG, Chen T and Zhang HX: Chitosan-based luminescent/magnetic hybrid nanogels for insulin delivery, cell imaging, and antidiabetic research of dietary supplements. Int J Pharm. 427:400–409. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

193 

Khurana RK, Bansal AK, Beg S, Burrow AJ, Katare OP, Singh KK and Singh B: Enhancing biopharmaceutical attributes of phospholipid complex-loaded nanostructured lipidic carriers of mangiferin: Systematic development, characterization and evaluation. Int J Pharm. 518:289–306. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

194 

Zhao C, Pu Z, Gao J, Liu C, Xing J, Lang W, Chen J, Yuan C and Zhou C: 'Multiomics' analyses combined with systems pharmacology reveal the renoprotection of mangiferin monosodium salt in rats with diabetic nephropathy: Focus on improvements in renal ferroptosis, renal inflammation, and podocyte insulin resistance. J Agric Food Chem. 71:358–381. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

195 

Vishwakarma KK, Hafeez A, Usmani SA, Noor L and Khan IR: Nanocarrier-based delivery approaches of mangiferin: an updated review on leveraging biopharmaceutical characteristics of the bioactive. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. Sep 23–2024.Epub ahead of print. PubMed/NCBI

196 

Melo-Betances E, Rodríguez-Bautista CC and Núñez-Sellés AJ: Synthesis of mangiferin derivatives, complexes, and carriers as potential therapeutic candidates for cancer treatment: An update. Front Pharmacol. 16:15987192025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

197 

Wondrak GT: Redox-directed cancer therapeutics: Molecular mechanisms and opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal. 11:3013–3069. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

198 

Li L, Dong Y, Liu X and Wang M: Mangiferin for the management of liver diseases: A review. Foods. 12:24692023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

199 

Mei S, Ma H and Chen X: Anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of mangiferin: A review of its molecular mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol. 149:1119972021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

200 

du Plessis-Stoman D, du Preez J and van de Venter M: Combination treatment with oxaliplatin and mangiferin causes increased apoptosis and downregulation of NFκB in cancer cell lines. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 8:177–184. 2011.

201 

Mu F, Liu T, Zheng H, Xie X, Lei T, He X, Du S, Tong R and Wang Y: Mangiferin induces radiosensitization in glioblastoma cells by inhibiting nonhomologous end joining. Oncol Rep. 40:3663–3673. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

202 

Wei Z, Yan L, Chen Y, Bao C and Deng J and Deng J: Mangiferin inhibits macrophage classical activation via downregulating interferon regulatory factor 5 expression. Mol Med Rep. 14:1091–1098. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Dai Y, Huang Q, Tan M, Wang Z, Jiang C, Liu Z, Zhang S and Song S: <p>Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)</p>. Int J Mol Med 57: 65, 2026.
APA
Dai, Y., Huang, Q., Tan, M., Wang, Z., Jiang, C., Liu, Z. ... Song, S. (2026). <p>Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)</p>. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 57, 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5736
MLA
Dai, Y., Huang, Q., Tan, M., Wang, Z., Jiang, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., Song, S."<p>Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)</p>". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 57.3 (2026): 65.
Chicago
Dai, Y., Huang, Q., Tan, M., Wang, Z., Jiang, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., Song, S."<p>Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)</p>". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 57, no. 3 (2026): 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5736
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Dai Y, Huang Q, Tan M, Wang Z, Jiang C, Liu Z, Zhang S and Song S: <p>Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)</p>. Int J Mol Med 57: 65, 2026.
APA
Dai, Y., Huang, Q., Tan, M., Wang, Z., Jiang, C., Liu, Z. ... Song, S. (2026). <p>Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)</p>. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 57, 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5736
MLA
Dai, Y., Huang, Q., Tan, M., Wang, Z., Jiang, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., Song, S."<p>Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)</p>". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 57.3 (2026): 65.
Chicago
Dai, Y., Huang, Q., Tan, M., Wang, Z., Jiang, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., Song, S."<p>Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)</p>". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 57, no. 3 (2026): 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5736
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team