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Review Open Access

Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Jia Xu
    • Ziwei Chen
    • Shengyao Li
    • Xiaoya Wang
    • Ming Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China, School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China, Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 111
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    Published online on: March 3, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5782
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Abstract

The kidney is a vital organ for maintaining metabolic balance within the body and facilitating excretion. Its complex tissue structure comprises diverse cell types, including glomerular, tubular, interstitial and immune cells. The highly differentiated nature of these cells presents challenges for investigating kidney disease mechanisms. In recent years, the rapid advancement of single‑cell omics technologies has provided novel perspectives for renal research. These techniques have revealed the diversity and heterogeneity of renal cells, enabling precise identification of multiple immune cell types within the kidney. These findings further elucidate the dynamic changes in renal immune cells during disease progression and their interactions with other renal cells, laying a foundation for in‑depth analysis of renal disease pathogenesis. The present review aims to summarize the current applications of single‑cell omics technologies in renal ageing and kidney diseases, providing crucial insights for deciphering disease mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets.
View Figures

Figure 1

Development and applications of
single-cell omics technologies. (A) The single-cell sequencing
workflow includes cell capture, preparation and separation of
single-cell suspensions, library construction, sequencing and data
analysis. (B) Traditional sequencing technologies involve
sequencing pooled RNA from a population of cells, followed by batch
analysis to obtain average information about the cell population.
(C) Single-cell transcriptomics utilizes microfluidic chips to
encapsulate individual cells alongside gel beads bearing unique
barcodes and UMIs within oil droplets. Within these droplets, mRNA
released from lysed cells binds to primers on the gel beads,
triggering reverse transcription to generate barcode- and
UMI-labelled cDNA, which is subsequently amplified and sequenced.
(D) Metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and spatial omics
technologies are collectively used to advance the exploration of
kidney disease mechanisms. UMIs, unique molecular identifiers.

Figure 2

Applications of single-cell omics
technologies in kidney research. (A) Analysis of cellular
heterogeneity within complex kidney tissues. (B) Mapping of kidney
cell atlases. (C) Elucidation of the mechanisms of kidney cell
senescence. (D) Exploration of immune mechanisms in kidney
diseases. (E) Identification of non-invasive biomarkers. (F)
Identification of clinical therapeutic targets.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu J, Chen Z, Li S, Wang X and Chen M: Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 57: 111, 2026.
APA
Xu, J., Chen, Z., Li, S., Wang, X., & Chen, M. (2026). Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 57, 111. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5782
MLA
Xu, J., Chen, Z., Li, S., Wang, X., Chen, M."Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 57.5 (2026): 111.
Chicago
Xu, J., Chen, Z., Li, S., Wang, X., Chen, M."Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 57, no. 5 (2026): 111. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5782
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu J, Chen Z, Li S, Wang X and Chen M: Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 57: 111, 2026.
APA
Xu, J., Chen, Z., Li, S., Wang, X., & Chen, M. (2026). Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 57, 111. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5782
MLA
Xu, J., Chen, Z., Li, S., Wang, X., Chen, M."Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 57.5 (2026): 111.
Chicago
Xu, J., Chen, Z., Li, S., Wang, X., Chen, M."Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 57, no. 5 (2026): 111. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5782
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