Open Access

Gene alterations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway as a mechanism of drug-resistance (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Sameh Hafsi
    • Franca Maria Pezzino
    • Saverio Candido
    • Giovanni Ligresti
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Zohra Soua
    • James A. McCubrey
    • Salvatore Travali
    • Massimo Libra
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: December 20, 2011     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2011.1312
  • Pages: 639-644
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Abstract

The most common therapeutic approach for many cancers is chemotherapy. However, many patients relapse after treatment due to the development of chemoresistance. Recently, targeted therapies represent novel approaches to destroy cancer cells. The PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in the regulation of cell growth. Dysregulated signaling of this pathway may be associated with activating mutations of PI3K-related genes. Analyses of these mutations reveal that they increase the PI3K signal, stimulate downstream Akt signaling, promote growth factor-independent growth and increase cell invasion and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway genetic alterations in cancer and their potential clinical applications.

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Journal Cover

March 2012
Volume 40 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

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Spandidos Publications style
Hafsi S, Pezzino FM, Candido S, Ligresti G, Spandidos DA, Soua Z, McCubrey JA, Travali S and Libra M: Gene alterations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway as a mechanism of drug-resistance (Review). Int J Oncol 40: 639-644, 2012
APA
Hafsi, S., Pezzino, F.M., Candido, S., Ligresti, G., Spandidos, D.A., Soua, Z. ... Libra, M. (2012). Gene alterations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway as a mechanism of drug-resistance (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 40, 639-644. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2011.1312
MLA
Hafsi, S., Pezzino, F. M., Candido, S., Ligresti, G., Spandidos, D. A., Soua, Z., McCubrey, J. A., Travali, S., Libra, M."Gene alterations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway as a mechanism of drug-resistance (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 40.3 (2012): 639-644.
Chicago
Hafsi, S., Pezzino, F. M., Candido, S., Ligresti, G., Spandidos, D. A., Soua, Z., McCubrey, J. A., Travali, S., Libra, M."Gene alterations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway as a mechanism of drug-resistance (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 40, no. 3 (2012): 639-644. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2011.1312