Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
August 2012 Volume 41 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August 2012 Volume 41 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Promoter methylation of RASSF1A modulates the effect of the microtubule-targeting agent docetaxel in breast cancer

Retraction in: /10.3892/ijo.2025.5745
  • Authors:
    • Eun Young Gil
    • Uk Hyun Jo
    • Hoiseon Jeong
    • Young Mi Whang
    • Ok Hee Woo
    • Kyu Ran Cho
    • Jae Hong Seo
    • Aeree Kim
    • Eun Sook Lee
    • Insong Koh
    • Yeul Hong Kim
    • Kyong Hwa Park
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 611-620
    |
    Published online on: May 10, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1470
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Docetaxel is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer. To avert from significant toxicities with no clinical benefit, identification of predictive markers for response is one of the most important unsolved clinical needs. Therefore, the potential associations of RASSF1A hypermethylation and response to docetaxel-based chemotherapy were evaluated, and the underlying mechanism was studied. The expression of RASSF1A in breast cancer cell lines and tissues of normal breast, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and breast cancer (n=45) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of RASSF1A was frequently lost in primary breast cancers and human breast cancer cell lines, while normal breast tissues or DCIS displayed moderate to strong expression. Furthermore, quantitative methylation analysis of the RASSF1A promoter region in 45 primary breast cancers revealed that RASSF1A was frequently methylated in primary breast cancers (≥20% methylation in 53% of the patients), and prospective analysis in patients with locally advanced or recurrent breast cancer showed that the mean level of methylation of RASSF1A was significantly higher in patients who did not respond to docetaxel-based chemotherapy (30.6±8.5%) than patients with partial or complete response (20.1±11.2%, p=0.042). Finally, in vitro studies showed that RASSF1A had cooperative activity in suppression of cancer cell growth and proliferation by enhancing docetaxel-induced cell cycle arrest. Our results suggest that hypermethylated RASSF1A is an important modulating factor for the efficacy of docetaxel-based chemotherapy in breast cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Jung KW, Park S, Kong HJ, et al: Cancer statistics in Korea: incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2008. Cancer Res Treat. 43:1–11. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Rastogi P, Anderson SJ, Bear HD, et al: Preoperative chemotherapy: updates of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocols B-18 and B-27. J Clin Oncol. 26:778–785. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Mauri D, Pavlidis N and Ioannidis JP: Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic treatment in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 97:188–194. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Darb-Esfahani S, Loibl S, Muller BM, et al: Identification of biology-based breast cancer types with distinct predictive and prognostic features: role of steroid hormone and HER2 receptor expression in patients treated with neoadjuvant anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res. 11:R692009. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Chang HR, Glaspy J, Allison MA, et al: Differential response of triple-negative breast cancer to a docetaxel and carboplatin-based neoadjuvant treatment. Cancer. 116:4227–4237. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Christensen BC, Kelsey KT, Zheng S, et al: Breast cancer DNA methylation profiles are associated with tumor size and alcohol and folate intake. PLoS Genet. 6:e10010432010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Yan PS, Shi H, Rahmatpanah F, et al: Differential distribution of DNA methylation within the RASSF1A CpG island in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 63:6178–6186. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Yeo W, Wong WL, Wong N, Law BK, Tse GM and Zhong S: High frequency of promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A in tumorous and non-tumourous tissue of breast cancer. Pathology. 37:125–130. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Honorio S, Agathanggelou A, Schuermann M, et al: Detection of RASSF1A aberrant promoter hypermethylation in sputum from chronic smokers and ductal carcinoma in situ from breast cancer patients. Oncogene. 22:147–150. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Shukla S, Mirza S, Sharma G, Parshad R, Gupta SD and Ralhan R: Detection of RASSF1A and RARbeta hypermethylation in serum DNA from breast cancer patients. Epigenetics. 1:88–93. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Yazici H, Terry MB, Cho YH, et al: Aberrant methylation of RASSF1A in plasma DNA before breast cancer diagnosis in the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 18:2723–2725. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kioulafa M, Kaklamanis L, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V and Lianidou ES: Prognostic significance of RASSF1A promoter methylation in operable breast cancer. Clin Biochem. 42:970–975. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Karray-Chouayekh S, Trifa F, Khabir A, et al: Aberrant methylation of RASSF1A is associated with poor survival in Tunisian breast cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 136:203–210. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Martins AT, Monteiro P, Ramalho-Carvalho J, et al: High RASSF1A promoter methylation levels are predictive of poor prognosis in fine-needle aspirate washings of breast cancer lesions. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 129:1–9. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kim DH, Kim JS, Ji YI, et al: Hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter is associated with the age at starting smoking and a poor prognosis in primary non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 63:3743–3746. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wang J, Lee JJ, Wang L, et al: Value of p16INK4a and RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in prognosis of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 10:6119–6125. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Seidel C, Bartel F, Rastetter M, et al: Alterations of cancer-related genes in soft tissue sarcomas: hypermethylation of RASSF1A is frequently detected in leiomyosarcoma and associated with poor prognosis in sarcoma. Int J Cancer. 114:442–447. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Fischer JR, Ohnmacht U, Rieger N, et al: Promoter methylation of RASSF1A, RARbeta and DAPK predict poor prognosis of patients with malignant mesothelioma. Lung Cancer. 54:109–116. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Ahmed-Choudhury J, Agathanggelou A, Fenton SL, et al: Transcriptional regulation of cyclin A2 by RASSF1A through the enhanced binding of p120E4F to the cyclin A2 promoter. Cancer Res. 65:2690–2697. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Donninger H, Vos MD and Clark GJ: The RASSF1A tumor suppressor. J Cell Sci. 120:3163–3172. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Song MS, Song SJ, Ayad NG, et al: The tumour suppressor RASSF1A regulates mitosis by inhibiting the APC-Cdc20 complex. Nat Cell Biol. 6:129–137. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Liu L, Tommasi S, Lee DH, Dammann R and Pfeifer GP: Control of microtubule stability by the RASSF1A tumor suppressor. Oncogene. 22:8125–8136. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Whang YM, Park KH, Jung HY, Jo UH and Kim YH: Microtubule-damaging agents enhance RASSF1A-induced cell death in lung cancer cell lines. Cancer. 115:1253–1266. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Reu FJ, Bae SI, Cherkassky L, et al: Overcoming resistance to interferon-induced apoptosis of renal carcinoma and melanoma cells by DNA demethylation. J Clin Oncol. 24:3771–3779. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Reu FJ, Leaman DW, Maitra RR, et al: Expression of RASSF1A, an epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor, overcomes resistance to apoptosis induction by interferons. Cancer Res. 66:2785–2793. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al: New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 45:228–247. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Pallares J, Velasco A, Eritja N, et al: Promoter hypermethylation and reduced expression of RASSF1A are frequent molecular alterations of endometrial carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 21:691–699. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Ateeq B, Unterberger A, Szyf M and Rabbani SA: Pharmacological inhibition of DNA methylation induces proinvasive and prometastatic genes in vitro and in vivo. Neoplasia. 10:266–278. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Liu Z, Wu J, Xie Z, et al: Quantification of regional DNA methylation by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 391:106–113. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

McGrogan BT, Gilmartin B, Carney DN and McCann A: Taxanes, microtubules and chemoresistant breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1785:96–132. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Caudle AS, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Hunt KK, et al: Predictors of tumor progression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 28:1821–1828. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Coon JS, Marcus E, Gupta-Burt S, et al: Amplification and overexpression of topoisomerase IIalpha predict response to anthracycline-based therapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 8:1061–1067. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Gascoigne KE and Taylor SS: How do anti-mitotic drugs kill cancer cells? J Cell Sci. 122:2579–2585. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Gascoigne KE and Taylor SS: Cancer cells display profound intra- and interline variation following prolonged exposure to antimitotic drugs. Cancer Cell. 14:111–122. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Whang YM, Kim YH, Kim JS and Yoo YD: RASSF1A suppresses the c-Jun-NH2-kinase pathway and inhibits cell cycle progression. Cancer Res. 65:3682–3690. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Allan LA and Clarke PR: Phosphorylation of caspase-9 by CDK1/cyclin B1 protects mitotic cells against apoptosis. Mol Cell. 26:301–310. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gil EY, Jo UH, Jeong H, Whang YM, Woo OH, Cho KR, Seo JH, Kim A, Lee ES, Koh I, Koh I, et al: Promoter methylation of RASSF1A modulates the effect of the microtubule-targeting agent docetaxel in breast cancer Retraction in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5745. Int J Oncol 41: 611-620, 2012.
APA
Gil, E.Y., Jo, U.H., Jeong, H., Whang, Y.M., Woo, O.H., Cho, K.R. ... Park, K.H. (2012). Promoter methylation of RASSF1A modulates the effect of the microtubule-targeting agent docetaxel in breast cancer Retraction in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5745. International Journal of Oncology, 41, 611-620. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1470
MLA
Gil, E. Y., Jo, U. H., Jeong, H., Whang, Y. M., Woo, O. H., Cho, K. R., Seo, J. H., Kim, A., Lee, E. S., Koh, I., Kim, Y. H., Park, K. H."Promoter methylation of RASSF1A modulates the effect of the microtubule-targeting agent docetaxel in breast cancer Retraction in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5745". International Journal of Oncology 41.2 (2012): 611-620.
Chicago
Gil, E. Y., Jo, U. H., Jeong, H., Whang, Y. M., Woo, O. H., Cho, K. R., Seo, J. H., Kim, A., Lee, E. S., Koh, I., Kim, Y. H., Park, K. H."Promoter methylation of RASSF1A modulates the effect of the microtubule-targeting agent docetaxel in breast cancer Retraction in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5745". International Journal of Oncology 41, no. 2 (2012): 611-620. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1470
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gil EY, Jo UH, Jeong H, Whang YM, Woo OH, Cho KR, Seo JH, Kim A, Lee ES, Koh I, Koh I, et al: Promoter methylation of RASSF1A modulates the effect of the microtubule-targeting agent docetaxel in breast cancer Retraction in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5745. Int J Oncol 41: 611-620, 2012.
APA
Gil, E.Y., Jo, U.H., Jeong, H., Whang, Y.M., Woo, O.H., Cho, K.R. ... Park, K.H. (2012). Promoter methylation of RASSF1A modulates the effect of the microtubule-targeting agent docetaxel in breast cancer Retraction in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5745. International Journal of Oncology, 41, 611-620. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1470
MLA
Gil, E. Y., Jo, U. H., Jeong, H., Whang, Y. M., Woo, O. H., Cho, K. R., Seo, J. H., Kim, A., Lee, E. S., Koh, I., Kim, Y. H., Park, K. H."Promoter methylation of RASSF1A modulates the effect of the microtubule-targeting agent docetaxel in breast cancer Retraction in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5745". International Journal of Oncology 41.2 (2012): 611-620.
Chicago
Gil, E. Y., Jo, U. H., Jeong, H., Whang, Y. M., Woo, O. H., Cho, K. R., Seo, J. H., Kim, A., Lee, E. S., Koh, I., Kim, Y. H., Park, K. H."Promoter methylation of RASSF1A modulates the effect of the microtubule-targeting agent docetaxel in breast cancer Retraction in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5745". International Journal of Oncology 41, no. 2 (2012): 611-620. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1470
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team