Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
October 2012 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October 2012 Volume 41 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia

  • Authors:
    • Denis G. Alferez
    • Robert A. Goodlad
    • Rajesh Odedra
    • Patrizia  Sini
    • Claire  Crafter
    • Anderson J. Ryan
    • Stephen R. Wedge
    • Nicholas   A. Wright
    • Elizabeth Anderson
    • Robert W. Wilkinson
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Histopathology Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK, Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
  • Pages: 1475-1485
    |
    Published online on: July 31, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1580
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The Aurora family of kinases, play a fundamental role in cell division and are overexpressed in several cancers including colon. The activity of barasertib-hQPA, a selective inhibitor of Aurora-B kinase (ABK) was investigated in a range of preclinical models of gastrointestinal cancer. Treatment with barasertib-hQPA produced anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects across a panel of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines in vitro. Prodrug, barasertib [48-h subcutaneous (s.c.) infusion; 150 mg/kg/day] inhibited the growth of SW620, Colo205, HCT116 human colorectal tumor xenografts in nude mice significantly (Student's t-test, P<0.05, n=10-12 per group). Flow cytometric analysis of single cells from disaggregated barasertib-treated SW620 tumors revealed a decrease in phosphorylated histone H3 (phH3) and an increase in tumor cells with ≥4N DNA content P<0.05). The activity of barasertib was then examined in ApcMin/+ mice, a spontaneous model of early intestinal neoplasia. Macroscopic evaluation of the small intestine revealed that barasertib treatment [25 mg/kg intra-peritoneal (i.p.) Q1Dx4 each week for 3 weeks] of 8-week old ApcMin/+ mice produced a 39% reduction in macroadenoma number (P=0.02) and a 43% reduction in overall adenoma burden (P=0.02) compared with vehicle-treated controls. Quantification of microscopic adenomas revealed a >64% reduction in the number of adenomas spanning more than one villus. Histological analysis of these adenomas revealed a number of distinct changes in barasertib-treated ApcMin/+ mice, including a 94% reduction in the proportion of phospho-histone H3-positive cells (P<0.001) and a 53% reduction in the number of cells per adenoma (P=0.001). These results provide a scientific rationale for investigating ABK inhibitors as a treatment for intestinal cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J and Thun MJ: Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin. 59:225–249. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Chee CE and Sinicrope FA: Targeted therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 39:601–613. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Keen N and Taylor S: Aurora-kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Nat Rev Cancer. 4:927–936. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Yang KT, Li SK, Chang CC, et al: Aurora-C kinase deficiency causes cytokinesis failure in meiosis I and production of large polyploid oocytes in mice. Mol Biol Cell. 21:2371–2383. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Bischoff JR, Anderson L, Zhu Y, et al: A homologue of Drosophila Aurora kinase is oncogenic and amplified in human colorectal cancers. EMBO J. 17:3052–3065. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Pohl A, Azuma M, Zhang W, et al: Pharmacogenetic profiling of Aurora kinase B is associated with overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer. Pharmacogenomics J. 11:93–99. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Fearon ER and Vogelstein B: A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell. 61:759–767. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ilyas M, Straub J, Tomlinson IP and Bodmer WF: Genetic pathways in colorectal and other cancers. Eur J Cancer. 35:1986–2002. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Senda T, Iizuka-Kogo A, Onouchi T and Shimomura A: Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) plays multiple roles in the intestinal and colorectal epithelia. Med Mol Morphol. 40:68–81. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hanson CA and Miller JR: Non-traditional roles for the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein. Gene. 361:1–12. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Boman BM, Walters R, Fields JZ, et al: Colonic crypt changes during adenoma development in familial adenomatous polyposis: immunohistochemical evidence for expansion of the crypt base cell population. Am J Pathol. 165:1489–1498. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Zhang T, Fields JZ, Opdenaker L, et al: Survivin-induced Aurora-B kinase activation: A mechanism by which APC mutations contribute to increased mitoses during colon cancer development. Am J Pathol. 177:2816–2826. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Wilkinson RW, Odedra R, Heaton SP, et al: AZD1152, a selective inhibitor of Aurora B kinase, inhibits human tumor xenograft growth by inducing apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res. 13:3682–3688. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Preston S, Leedham S, Oukrif D, et al: The development of duodenal microadenomas in FAP patients: the human correlate of the Min mouse. J Pathol. 214:294–301. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Minde DP, Anvarian Z, Rüdiger SG and Maurice MM: Messing up disorder: how do missense mutations in the tumor suppressor protein APC lead to cancer? Mol Cancer. 10:1012011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Chen LC, Hao CY, Chiu YS, et al: Alteration of gene expression in normal-appearing colon mucosa of APC(min) mice and human cancer patients. Cancer Res. 64:3694–3700. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Corpet DE and Pierre F: How good are rodent models of carcinogenesis in predicting efficacy in humans? A systematic review and meta-analysis of colon chemoprevention in rats, mice and men. Eur J Cancer. 41:1911–1922. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Mortlock AA, Foote KM, Heron NM, et al: Discovery, synthesis, and in vivo activity of a new class of pyrazoloquinazolines as selective inhibitors of aurora B kinase. J Med Chem. 50:2213–2224. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Cummings J, Hodgkinson C, Odedra R, et al: Preclinical evaluation of M30 and M65 ELISAs as biomarkers of drug induced tumor cell death and antitumor activity. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:455–463. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Wedge SR, Ogilvie DJ, Dukes M, et al: ZD4190: an orally active inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling with broad-spectrum antitumor efficacy. Cancer Res. 60:970–975. 2000.

21 

Widrow RJ, Rabinovitch PS, Cho K and Laird CD: Separation of cells at different times within G2 and mitosis by cyclin B1 flow cytometry. Cytometry. 27:250–254. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Alferez D, Ryan A, Goodlad R, Wright N and Wilkinson R: Effects of vandetanib on adenoma formation in a dextran sodium sulphate enhanced ApcMIN/+ mouse model. Int J Oncol. 37:767–772. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Alferez D, Wilkinson RW, Watkins J, et al: Dual inhibition of VEGFR and EGFR signaling reduces the incidence and size of intestinal adenomas in Apc(Min/+) mice. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:590–598. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Goodlad RA, Ryan AJ, Wedge SR, et al: Inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling reduces tumor burden in the ApcMin/+ mouse model of early intestinal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 27:2133–2139. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Alferez D and Goodlad R: To best measure cell proliferation in samples from the intestine. Cell Prolif. 40:231–240. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Nair JS, Ho AL, Tse AN, et al: Aurora B kinase regulates the postmitotic endoreduplication checkpoint via phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein at serine 780. Mol Biol Cell. 20:2218–2228. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Ditchfield C, Johnson VL, Tighe A, et al: Aurora B couples chromosome alignment with anaphase by targeting BubR1, Mad2, and Cenp-E to kinetochores. J Cell Biol. 161:267–280. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Ota T, Suto S, Katayama H, et al: Increased mitotic phosphorylation of histone H3 attributable to AIM-1/Aurora-B overexpression contributes to chromosome number instability. Cancer Res. 62:5168–5177. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Lens SM, Voest EE and Medema RH: Shared and separate functions of polo-like kinases and aurora kinases in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 10:825–841. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Oke A, Pearce D, Wilkinson RW, et al: AZD1152 rapidly and negatively affects the growth and survival of human acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. 69:4150–4158. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Aihara A, Tanaka S, Yasen M, et al: The selective Aurora B kinase inhibitor AZD1152 as a novel treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 52:63–71. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Nair JS, de Stanchina E and Schwartz GK: The topoisomerase I poison CPT-11 enhances the effect of the aurora B kinase inhibitor AZD1152 both in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res. 15:2022–2030. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Azzariti A, Bocci G, Porcelli L, et al: Aurora B kinase inhibitor AZD1152: determinants of action and ability to enhance chemotherapeutics effectiveness in pancreatic and colon cancer. Br J Cancer. 104:769–780. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Grundy M, Seedhouse C, Russell NH and Pallis M: P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein in acute myeloid leukaemia cells treated with the aurora-B kinase inhibitor barasertib-hQPA. BMC Cancer. 11:2542011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Tentler JJ, Bradshaw-Pierce EL, Serkova NJ, et al: Assessment of the in vivo antitumor effects of ENMD-2076, a novel multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, against primary and cell line-derived human colorectal cancer xenograft models. Clin Cancer Res. 16:2989–2998. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Girdler F, Gascoigne KE, Eyers PA, et al: Validating Aurora B as an anti-cancer drug target. J Cell Sci. 119:3664–3675. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Boivin GP, Washington K, Yang K, et al: Pathology of mouse models of intestinal cancer: consensus report and recommendations. Gastroenterology. 124:762–777. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Paulsen JE: Modulation by dietary factors in murine FAP models. Toxicol Lett. 112–113:403–409. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Rhodes JM and Campbell BJ: Inflammation and colorectal cancer: IBD-associated and sporadic cancer compared. Trends Mol Med. 8:10–16. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Alison M: The Cancer Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester; West Sussex, Hoboken, NJ: 2007

41 

Boss DS, Witteveen PO, van der Sar J, et al: Clinical evaluation of AZD1152, an i.v. inhibitor of Aurora B kinase, in patients with solid malignant tumors. Ann Oncol. 22:431–437. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Alferez DG, Goodlad RA, Odedra R, Sini P, Crafter C, Ryan A , Wedge SR, Wright NA, Anderson E, Wilkinson RW, Wilkinson RW, et al: Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia. Int J Oncol 41: 1475-1485, 2012.
APA
Alferez, D.G., Goodlad, R.A., Odedra, R., Sini, P., Crafter, C., Ryan, A. . ... Wilkinson, R.W. (2012). Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia. International Journal of Oncology, 41, 1475-1485. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1580
MLA
Alferez, D. G., Goodlad, R. A., Odedra, R., Sini, P., Crafter, C., Ryan, A. ., Wedge, S. R., Wright, N. A., Anderson, E., Wilkinson, R. W."Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia". International Journal of Oncology 41.4 (2012): 1475-1485.
Chicago
Alferez, D. G., Goodlad, R. A., Odedra, R., Sini, P., Crafter, C., Ryan, A. ., Wedge, S. R., Wright, N. A., Anderson, E., Wilkinson, R. W."Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia". International Journal of Oncology 41, no. 4 (2012): 1475-1485. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1580
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Alferez DG, Goodlad RA, Odedra R, Sini P, Crafter C, Ryan A , Wedge SR, Wright NA, Anderson E, Wilkinson RW, Wilkinson RW, et al: Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia. Int J Oncol 41: 1475-1485, 2012.
APA
Alferez, D.G., Goodlad, R.A., Odedra, R., Sini, P., Crafter, C., Ryan, A. . ... Wilkinson, R.W. (2012). Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia. International Journal of Oncology, 41, 1475-1485. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1580
MLA
Alferez, D. G., Goodlad, R. A., Odedra, R., Sini, P., Crafter, C., Ryan, A. ., Wedge, S. R., Wright, N. A., Anderson, E., Wilkinson, R. W."Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia". International Journal of Oncology 41.4 (2012): 1475-1485.
Chicago
Alferez, D. G., Goodlad, R. A., Odedra, R., Sini, P., Crafter, C., Ryan, A. ., Wedge, S. R., Wright, N. A., Anderson, E., Wilkinson, R. W."Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia". International Journal of Oncology 41, no. 4 (2012): 1475-1485. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1580
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team