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Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Hidenori Shiraha
    • Kazuhide Yamamoto
    • Masayoshi Namba
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan, Niimi College, Nishikata 1263-2, Niimi 718-8585, Japan
    Copyright: © Shiraha et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 1133-1138
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    Published online on: February 19, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1829
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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide; and its incidence rate is increasing. Clinical and molecular medical analyses have revealed substantial information on hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a stepwise process during which multiple genes are altered. Genetic changes and their biological consequences in human HCC can be divided into at least 4 groups: i) tumor suppressor genes (p53, retinoblastoma, phosphatase tensin homolog and runt-related transcription factor 3), ii) oncogenes (myc, K-ras, BRAF), iii) reactivation of developmental pathways (Wnt, hedgehog), and iv) growth factors and their receptors (transforming growth factor-α, insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor). An experimental model of human hepatocarcinogenesis such as in vitro neoplastic transformation of human hepatocytes has not been successfully achieved yet, but several immortalized human hepatocyte cell lines have been established. These immortalized human hepatocytes will become useful tools for the elucidation of hepatocarcinogenesis, especially for the initial step of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Spandidos Publications style
Shiraha H, Yamamoto K and Namba M: Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (Review) . Int J Oncol 42: 1133-1138, 2013.
APA
Shiraha, H., Yamamoto, K., & Namba, M. (2013). Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (Review) . International Journal of Oncology, 42, 1133-1138. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1829
MLA
Shiraha, H., Yamamoto, K., Namba, M."Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (Review) ". International Journal of Oncology 42.4 (2013): 1133-1138.
Chicago
Shiraha, H., Yamamoto, K., Namba, M."Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (Review) ". International Journal of Oncology 42, no. 4 (2013): 1133-1138. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1829
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shiraha H, Yamamoto K and Namba M: Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (Review) . Int J Oncol 42: 1133-1138, 2013.
APA
Shiraha, H., Yamamoto, K., & Namba, M. (2013). Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (Review) . International Journal of Oncology, 42, 1133-1138. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1829
MLA
Shiraha, H., Yamamoto, K., Namba, M."Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (Review) ". International Journal of Oncology 42.4 (2013): 1133-1138.
Chicago
Shiraha, H., Yamamoto, K., Namba, M."Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (Review) ". International Journal of Oncology 42, no. 4 (2013): 1133-1138. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1829
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