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Article

Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9

Expression of Concern in: /10.3892/ijo.2025.5812
  • Authors:
    • Mei Ling Jin
    • Sun Young Park
    • Young Hun Kim
    • Geuntae Park
    • Sang Joon Lee
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea, Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea, Institute for Research and Industry Cooperation, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 309-318
    |
    Published online on: October 31, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2157
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Abstract

Halofuginone (HF) is extracted from Dichroa febrifuga, a plant used in traditional medicine. We report that the HF extract inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells and induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, an important feature of potential anticancer agents. In addition, HF significantly reduces the migration and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells after 12-O-tetraecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulation. As matrix metalloproteinase-9 plays a critical role in tumor metastasis, we analyzed its expression with the HF extract treatment. Western blot analysis and gelatin zymography showed that HF suppresses MMP-9 expression and activity concentration-dependently. HF also decreases the nuclear protein levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and c-fos (AP-1), critical transcription factors regulating MMP-9 expression through binding the MMP-9 promoter region. Luciferase assays showed that HF decreases TPA-induced MMP-9 promoter binding activities of NF-κB and AP-1. Taken together, these are the first results indicating that halofuginone may represent a promising new agent for breast cancer chemotherapy.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jin ML, Park SY, Kim YH, Park G and Lee SJ: Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 Expression of Concern in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5812. Int J Oncol 44: 309-318, 2014.
APA
Jin, M.L., Park, S.Y., Kim, Y.H., Park, G., & Lee, S.J. (2014). Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 Expression of Concern in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5812. International Journal of Oncology, 44, 309-318. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2157
MLA
Jin, M. L., Park, S. Y., Kim, Y. H., Park, G., Lee, S. J."Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 Expression of Concern in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5812". International Journal of Oncology 44.1 (2014): 309-318.
Chicago
Jin, M. L., Park, S. Y., Kim, Y. H., Park, G., Lee, S. J."Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 Expression of Concern in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5812". International Journal of Oncology 44, no. 1 (2014): 309-318. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2157
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jin ML, Park SY, Kim YH, Park G and Lee SJ: Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 Expression of Concern in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5812. Int J Oncol 44: 309-318, 2014.
APA
Jin, M.L., Park, S.Y., Kim, Y.H., Park, G., & Lee, S.J. (2014). Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 Expression of Concern in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5812. International Journal of Oncology, 44, 309-318. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2157
MLA
Jin, M. L., Park, S. Y., Kim, Y. H., Park, G., Lee, S. J."Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 Expression of Concern in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5812". International Journal of Oncology 44.1 (2014): 309-318.
Chicago
Jin, M. L., Park, S. Y., Kim, Y. H., Park, G., Lee, S. J."Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 Expression of Concern in /10.3892/ijo.2025.5812". International Journal of Oncology 44, no. 1 (2014): 309-318. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2157
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