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Article Open Access

HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Zhenfeng Guan
    • Chen Ding
    • Yiqing Du
    • Kai Zhang
    • Jian Ning Zhu
    • Tingting Zhang
    • Dalin He
    • Shan Xu
    • Xinyang Wang
    • Jinhai Fan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, P.R. China, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Guan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 393-402
    |
    Published online on: December 6, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2210
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Abstract

Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of solid tumors, leading to malignant behavior. During this process, HIF family members (HIFs) and the NF-κB pathway are activated. In addition, the hypoxia-associated factor (HAF) is reported to participate in the regulation of HIFs. However, the precise relationship among HIFs, HAF and the NF-κB pathway in bladder cancer (BC) remains unknown. In the current investigation, T24 BC cells were exposed to hypoxia, or by plasmid transfection to overexpress HAF or RelA (P65) to demonstrate their roles. The results indicate that hypoxia leads to the elevation of HAF plus activation of the NF-κB pathway, accompanied by the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α, resulting in the enhanced ability of malignancy in T24 cells. In order to further demonstrate the significance of this switch, HIF-1α and HIF-2α were co-transfected into T24 cells with HIF-β, respectively. The following results indicate that the T24hif-2α/β cells show enhanced ability of malignancy, accompanied by the maintenance of stem-cell markers, but the T24hif-1α/β cells show higher expression of metabolism-related genes. Boyden assays and wound-healing assays indicate the enhanced ability of malignancy for T24hif-2α/β. Thus, we conclude that on the hypoxic microenvironment, the switching of HIF-1α to HIF-2α, which is driven by HAF through activating the NF-κB pathway, contributes to the malignancy of T24 cells, accompanied by the maintenance of stem-cell markers. This provides us an avenue for understanding the progression of bladder cancer.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Guan Z, Ding C, Du Y, Zhang K, Zhu JN, Zhang T, He D, Xu S, Wang X, Fan J, Fan J, et al: HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 44: 393-402, 2014.
APA
Guan, Z., Ding, C., Du, Y., Zhang, K., Zhu, J.N., Zhang, T. ... Fan, J. (2014). HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 44, 393-402. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2210
MLA
Guan, Z., Ding, C., Du, Y., Zhang, K., Zhu, J. N., Zhang, T., He, D., Xu, S., Wang, X., Fan, J."HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 44.2 (2014): 393-402.
Chicago
Guan, Z., Ding, C., Du, Y., Zhang, K., Zhu, J. N., Zhang, T., He, D., Xu, S., Wang, X., Fan, J."HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 44, no. 2 (2014): 393-402. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2210
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Guan Z, Ding C, Du Y, Zhang K, Zhu JN, Zhang T, He D, Xu S, Wang X, Fan J, Fan J, et al: HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 44: 393-402, 2014.
APA
Guan, Z., Ding, C., Du, Y., Zhang, K., Zhu, J.N., Zhang, T. ... Fan, J. (2014). HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 44, 393-402. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2210
MLA
Guan, Z., Ding, C., Du, Y., Zhang, K., Zhu, J. N., Zhang, T., He, D., Xu, S., Wang, X., Fan, J."HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 44.2 (2014): 393-402.
Chicago
Guan, Z., Ding, C., Du, Y., Zhang, K., Zhu, J. N., Zhang, T., He, D., Xu, S., Wang, X., Fan, J."HAF drives the switch of HIF-1α to HIF-2α by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 44, no. 2 (2014): 393-402. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2210
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