Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
August-2014 Volume 45 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2014 Volume 45 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Nutlin-3 induces BCL2A1 expression by activating ELK1 through the mitochondrial p53-ROS-ERK1/2 pathway

  • Authors:
    • Sun-Young Lee
    • Hyun Chul Choi
    • Yun-Jeong Choe
    • Seok Joon Shin
    • Sug Hyung Lee
    • Ho-Shik Kim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea, Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 675-682
    |
    Published online on: May 26, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2463
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Nutlin-3 which occupies the p53 binding pocket in HDM2, has been reported to activate apoptosis through both the transcriptional activity-dependent and -independent programs of p53. Transcription-independent apoptosis by nutlin-3 is triggered by p53 which is translocated to mitochondria. However, we previously demonstrated that the nutlin-3-induced mitochondrial translocation of p53 stimulates ERK1/2 activation, an anti-apoptosis signal, via mitochondrial ROS generation. We report on how nutlin-3-stimulated ERK1/2 activity inhibits p53-induced apoptosis. Among the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins, BCL2A1 expression was increased by nutlin-3 at both the mRNA and protein levels, and this increase was prevented by the inhibition of ERK1/2. TEMPO, a ROS scavenger, and PFT-?, a blocker of the mitochondrial translocation of p53, also inhibited BCL2A1 expression as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, nutlin-3 stimulated phosphorylation of ELK1, which was prevented by all compounds that inhibited nutlin-3-induced ERK1/2 such as U0126, PFT-? and TEMPO. Moreover, an increase in BCL2A1 expression was weakened by the knockdown of ELK1. Finally, nutlin-3-induced apoptosis was found to be potentiated by the knockdown of BCL2A1, as demonstrated by an increase of in hypo-diploidic cells and Annexin V-positive cells. Parallel to the increase in apoptotic cells, the knockdown of BCL2A1 augmented the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. It is noteworthy that the augmented levels of apoptosis induced by the knockdown of BCL2A1 were comparable to those of apoptosis induced by U0126. Collectively, these results suggest that nutlin-3-activated ERK1/2 may stimulate the transcription of BCL2A1 via the activation of ELK1, and BCL2A1 expression may contribute to the inhibitory effect of ERK1/2 on nutlin-3-induced apoptosis, thereby constituting a negative feedback loop of p53-induced apoptosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Menendez D, Inga A and Resnick MA: The expanding universe of p53 targets. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:724–737. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Reinhardt HC and Schumacher B: The p53 network: cellular and systemic DNA damage responses in aging and cancer. Trends Genet. 28:128–136. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Chipuk JE and Green DR: Dissecting p53-dependent apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 13:994–1002. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Mihara M, Erster S, Zaika A, et al: p53 has a direct apoptogenic role at the mitochondria. Mol Cell. 11:577–590. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Sot B, Freund SM and Fersht AR: Comparative biophysical characterization of p53 with the pro-apoptotic BAK and the anti-apoptotic BCL-xL. J Biol Chem. 282:29193–29200. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Zhao Y, Chaiswing L, Velez JM, et al: p53 translocation to mitochondria precedes its nuclear translocation and targets mitochondrial oxidative defense protein-manganese superoxide dismutase. Cancer Res. 65:3745–3750. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Erster S, Mihara M, Kim RH, Petrenko O and Moll UM: In vivo mitochondrial p53 translocation triggers a rapid first wave of cell death in response to DNA damage that can precede p53 target gene activation. Mol Cell Biol. 24:6728–6741. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Palacios G and Moll UM: Mitochondrially targeted wild-type p53 suppresses growth of mutant p53 lymphomas in vivo. Oncogene. 25:6133–6139. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Vaseva AV, Marchenko ND, Ji K, Tsirka SE, Holzmann S and Moll UM: p53 opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore to trigger necrosis. Cell. 149:1536–1548. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Vassilev LT, Vu BT, Graves B, et al: In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2. Science. 303:844–848. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Secchiero P, Bosco R, Celeghini C and Zauli G: Recent advances in the therapeutic perspectives of Nutlin-3. Curr Pharm Des. 17:569–577. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Vaseva AV, Marchenko ND and Moll UM: The transcription-independent mitochondrial p53 program is a major contributor to nutlin-induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Cell Cycle. 8:1711–1719. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Saha MN, Jiang H and Chang H: Molecular mechanisms of nutlin-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma: evidence for p53-transcription-dependent and -independent pathways. Cancer Biol Ther. 10:567–578. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lee SY, Shin SJ and Kim HS: ERK1/2 activation mediated by the nutlin-3-induced mitochondrial translocation of p53. Int J Oncol. 42:1027–1035. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Schmittgen TD and Livak KJ: Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc. 3:1101–1108. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Jang JY, Kim MK, Jeon YK, Joung YK, Park KD and Kim CW: Adenovirus adenine nucleotide translocator-2 shRNA effectively induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity by the down-regulation of ABCG2 in breast cancer stem-like cells. Exp Mol Med. 44:251–259. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Lee K, Lee MH, Kang YW, Rhee KJ, Kim TU and Kim YS: Parkin induces apoptotic cell death in TNF-alpha-treated cervical cancer cells. BMB Rep. 45:526–531. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Lau LM, Nugent JK, Zhao X and Irwin MS: HDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3 disrupts p73-HDM2 binding and enhances p73 function. Oncogene. 27:997–1003. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Roberts PJ and Der CJ: Targeting the Raf-MEK-ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade for the treatment of cancer. Oncogene. 26:3291–3310. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Johannessen M, Delghandi MP and Moens U: What turns CREB on? Cell Signal. 16:1211–1227. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Choe YJ, Lee SY, Ko KW, Shin SJ and Kim HS: Nutlin-3 induces HO-1 expression by activating JNK in a transcription-independent manner of p53. Int J Oncol. 44:761–768. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Karsan A, Yee E, Kaushansky K and Harlan JM: Cloning of human Bcl-2 homologue: inflammatory cytokines induce human A1 in cultured endothelial cells. Blood. 87:3089–3096. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Lee HH, Dadgostar H, Cheng Q, Shu J and Cheng G: NF-kappaB-mediated up-regulation of Bcl-x and Bfl-1/A1 is required for CD40 survival signaling in B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:9136–9141. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kim H, Kim YN, Kim H and Kim CW: Oxidative stress attenuates Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cell line through Bfl-1 induction. Oncogene. 24:1252–1261. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Karsan A, Yee E and Harlan JM: Endothelial cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha is inhibited by the Bcl-2 family member, A1. J Biol Chem. 271:27201–27204. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kim HR, Heo YM, Jeong KI, et al: FGF-2 inhibits TNF-alpha mediated apoptosis through upregulation of Bcl2-A1 and Bcl-xL in ATDC5 cells. BMB Rep. 45:287–292. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Goncharenko-Khaider N, Matte I, Lane D, Rancourt C and Piche A: Ovarian cancer ascites increase Mcl-1 expression in tumor cells through ERK1/2-Elk-1 signaling to attenuate TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Mol Cancer. 11:842012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wang CY, Guttridge DC, Mayo MW and Baldwin AS Jr: NF-kappaB induces expression of the Bcl-2 homologue A1/Bfl-1 to preferentially suppress chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 19:5923–5929. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Simmons MJ, Fan G, Zong WX, Degenhardt K, White E and Gelinas C: Bfl-1/A1 functions, similar to Mcl-1, as a selective tBid and Bak antagonist. Oncogene. 27:1421–1428. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Kasza A: Signal-dependent Elk-1 target genes involved in transcript processing and cell migration. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1829:1026–1033. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Booy EP, Henson ES and Gibson SB: Epidermal growth factor regulates Mcl-1 expression through the MAPK-Elk-1 signalling pathway contributing to cell survival in breast cancer. Oncogene. 30:2367–2378. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Sun NK, Huang SL, Chang TC and Chao CC: Sorafenib induces endometrial carcinoma apoptosis by inhibiting Elk-1-dependent Mcl-1 transcription and inducing Akt/GSK3beta-dependent protein degradation. J Cell Biochem. 114:1819–1831. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Shangary S, Qin D, McEachern D, et al: Temporal activation of p53 by a specific MDM2 inhibitor is selectively toxic to tumors and leads to complete tumor growth inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:3933–3938. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Travis LB, Ng AK, Allan JM, et al: Second malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease following radiotherapy. Health Phys. 106:229–246. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Tovar C, Rosinski J, Filipovic Z, et al: Small-molecule MDM2 antagonists reveal aberrant p53 signaling in cancer: implications for therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:1888–1893. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Moreno CS, Matyunina L, Dickerson EB, et al: Evidence that p53-mediated cell-cycle-arrest inhibits chemotherapeutic treatment of ovarian carcinomas. PLoS One. 2:e4412007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Rinaldo C, Prodosmo A, Siepi F, et al: HIPK2 regulation by MDM2 determines tumor cell response to the p53-reactivating drugs nutlin-3 and RITA. Cancer Res. 69:6241–6248. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Enge M, Bao W, Hedstrom E, Jackson SP, Moumen A and Selivanova G: MDM2-dependent downregulation of p21 and hnRNP K provides a switch between apoptosis and growth arrest induced by pharmacologically activated p53. Cancer Cell. 15:171–183. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Choi SS, Park IC, Yun JW, Sung YC, Hong SI and Shin HS: A novel Bcl-2 related gene, Bfl-1, is overexpressed in stomach cancer and preferentially expressed in bone marrow. Oncogene. 11:1693–1698. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Riker AI, Enkemann SA, Fodstad O, et al: The gene expression profiles of primary and metastatic melanoma yields a transition point of tumor progression and metastasis. BMC Med Genomics. 1:132008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Simpson LA, Burwell EA, Thompson KA, Shahnaz S, Chen AR and Loeb DM: The antiapoptotic gene A1/BFL1 is a WT1 target gene that mediates granulocytic differentiation and resistance to chemotherapy. Blood. 107:4695–4702. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Brien G, Trescol-Biemont MC and Bonnefoy-Berard N: Downregulation of Bfl-1 protein expression sensitizes malignant B cells to apoptosis. Oncogene. 26:5828–5832. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Vogler M, Butterworth M, Majid A, et al: Concurrent up-regulation of BCL-XL and BCL2A1 induces approximately 1000-fold resistance to ABT-737 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 113:4403–4413. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Haq R, Yokoyama S, Hawryluk EB, et al: BCL2A1 is a lineage-specific antiapoptotic melanoma oncogene that confers resistance to BRAF inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110:4321–4326. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lee S, Choi HC, Choe Y, Shin SJ, Lee SH and Kim H: Nutlin-3 induces BCL2A1 expression by activating ELK1 through the mitochondrial p53-ROS-ERK1/2 pathway. Int J Oncol 45: 675-682, 2014.
APA
Lee, S., Choi, H.C., Choe, Y., Shin, S.J., Lee, S.H., & Kim, H. (2014). Nutlin-3 induces BCL2A1 expression by activating ELK1 through the mitochondrial p53-ROS-ERK1/2 pathway. International Journal of Oncology, 45, 675-682. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2463
MLA
Lee, S., Choi, H. C., Choe, Y., Shin, S. J., Lee, S. H., Kim, H."Nutlin-3 induces BCL2A1 expression by activating ELK1 through the mitochondrial p53-ROS-ERK1/2 pathway". International Journal of Oncology 45.2 (2014): 675-682.
Chicago
Lee, S., Choi, H. C., Choe, Y., Shin, S. J., Lee, S. H., Kim, H."Nutlin-3 induces BCL2A1 expression by activating ELK1 through the mitochondrial p53-ROS-ERK1/2 pathway". International Journal of Oncology 45, no. 2 (2014): 675-682. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2463
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lee S, Choi HC, Choe Y, Shin SJ, Lee SH and Kim H: Nutlin-3 induces BCL2A1 expression by activating ELK1 through the mitochondrial p53-ROS-ERK1/2 pathway. Int J Oncol 45: 675-682, 2014.
APA
Lee, S., Choi, H.C., Choe, Y., Shin, S.J., Lee, S.H., & Kim, H. (2014). Nutlin-3 induces BCL2A1 expression by activating ELK1 through the mitochondrial p53-ROS-ERK1/2 pathway. International Journal of Oncology, 45, 675-682. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2463
MLA
Lee, S., Choi, H. C., Choe, Y., Shin, S. J., Lee, S. H., Kim, H."Nutlin-3 induces BCL2A1 expression by activating ELK1 through the mitochondrial p53-ROS-ERK1/2 pathway". International Journal of Oncology 45.2 (2014): 675-682.
Chicago
Lee, S., Choi, H. C., Choe, Y., Shin, S. J., Lee, S. H., Kim, H."Nutlin-3 induces BCL2A1 expression by activating ELK1 through the mitochondrial p53-ROS-ERK1/2 pathway". International Journal of Oncology 45, no. 2 (2014): 675-682. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2463
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team