Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
March-2015 Volume 46 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2015 Volume 46 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Fanbin Meng
    • Wan Li
    • Changling Li
    • Zhigang Gao
    • Kejian Guo
    • Shaowei Song
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China, Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1109-1120
    |
    Published online on: December 10, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2794
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

CCL18 is a chemokine that is primarily expressed in monocytes, macrophages and immature dendritic cells and plays a crucial role in immune and inflammation responses. Recently, CCL18 was found to play pivotal roles in the development of several kinds of cancers, but its expression status and role during the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer remain unknown. In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the expression of CCL18 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and preoperative serum, respectively. The results showed that both cancer epithelial cells and mesenchymal macrophages in PDAC tissues positively expressed CCL18. Serum CCL18 levels were significantly higher in patients with PDAC in comparison to healthy controls. The expression of CCL18 in both cancer epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells was correlated with lymph node metastasis, histopathological grading and overall survival in 62 PDAC patients. In vitro assays showed that the gene and protein expression of CCL18 from U937 and THP-1 cell- derived macrophages were significantly higher than that from unstimulated U937 cells and THP-1 cells. In contrast, pancreatic cancer cell lines showed little to no CCL18 expression even after IL4 stimulation. Intriguingly, pancreatic cancer cell lines expressed the potential CCL18 receptors PITPNM3, CCR6 and GPR3. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant human CCL18 promoted the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, but had no effect on cell proliferation. Consistent with these results, CCL18 induced the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related gene SNAIL1. Our findings suggest that the serum level of CCL18 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of PDAC, and that the combined functions of CCL18 in mesenchymal and cancer cells might accelerate the progression of PDAC by promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J and Thun MJ: Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 59:225–249. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Moore MJ: The treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer: current evidence and future challenges. Ann Oncol. 19(Suppl 7): vii304–vii308. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Stathis A and Moore MJ: Advanced pancreatic carcinoma: current reatment and future challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 7:163–172. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Hamada S, Masamune A and Shimosegawa T: Novel therapeutic strategies targeting tumor-stromal interactions in pancreatic cancer. Front Physiol. 4:3312013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Hao NB, Lü MH, Fan YH, Cao YL, Zhang ZR and Yang SM: Macrophages in tumor microenvironments and the progression of tumors. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012:9480982012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Chen J, Yao Y, Gong C, et al: CCL18 from tumor-associated macrophages promotes breast cancer metastasis via PITPNM3. Cancer Cell. 19:541–555. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Mantovani A: The chemokine system: redundancy for robust outputs. Immunol Today. 20:254–257. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Zlotnik A and Yoshie O: Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. Immunity. 12:121–127. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sallusto F and Mackay CR: Chemoattractants and their receptors in homeostasis and inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol. 16:724–731. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bromley SK, Mempel TR and Luster AD: Orchestrating the orchestrators: chemokines in control of T cell traffic. Nat Immunol. 9:970–980. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Strieter RM, Burdick MD, Mestas J, Gomperts B, Keane MP and Belperio JA: Cancer CXC chemokine networks and tumour angiogenesis. Eur J Cancer. 42:768–778. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Ijichi H, Chytil A, Gorska AE, et al: Inhibiting Cxcr2 disrupts tumor-stromal interactions and improves survival in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Invest. 121:4106–4117. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Schraufstatter I, Takamori H, Sikora L, Sriramarao P and DiScipio RG: Eosinophils and monocytes produce pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, which activates cultured monocytes/macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 286:L494–L501. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Sallusto F, Palermo B, Lenig D, Miettinen M, Matikainen S, Julkunen I, Forster R, Burgstahler R, Lipp M and Lanzavecchia A: Distinct patterns and kinetics of chemokine production regulate dendritic cell function. Eur J Immunol. 29:1617–1625. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Pivarcsi A, Gombert M, Dieu-Nosjean MC, et al: CC chemokine ligand 18, an atopic dermatitis-associated and dendritic cell-derived chemokine, is regulated by staphylococcal products and allergen exposure. J Immunol. 173:5810–5817. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Schutyser E, Richmond A and Van Damme J: Involvement of CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) in normal and pathological processes. J Leukoc Biol. 78:14–26. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Schraufstatter IU, Zhao M, Khaldoyanidi SK and Discipio RG: The chemokine CCL18 causes maturation of cultured monocytes to macrophages in the M2 spectrum. Immunology. 135:287–298. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

18 

Zhang B, Yin C, Li H, et al: Nir1 promotes invasion of breast cancer cells by binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 through the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/Snail signalling pathway. Eur J Cancer. 49:3900–3913. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Li D, Duell EJ, Yu K, et al: Pathway analysis of genome-wide association study data highlights pancreatic development genes as susceptibility factors for pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis. 33:1384–1390. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Sobin LH, Gospodarowicz MK and Wittekind CH: International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell; Oxford: 2009

21 

Ni XG, Bai XF, Mao YL, et al: The clinical value of serum CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 31:164–169. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Yasue M, Sakamoto J, Teramukai S, Morimoto T, Yasui K, Kuno N, Kurimoto K and Ohashi Y: Prognostic values of preoperative and postoperative CEA and CA19.9 levels in pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 9:735–740. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Harris P and Ralph P: Human leukemic models of myelomonocytic development: a review of the HL-60 and U937 cell lines. J Leukoc Biol. 37:407–422. 1985.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Daigneault M, Preston JA, Marriott HM, Whyte MK and Dockrell DH: The identification of markers of macrophage differentiation in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. PLoS One. 5:e86682010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Catusse J, Wollner S, Leick M, Schröttner P, Schraufstätter I and Burger M: Attenuation of CXCR4 responses by CCL18 in acute lymphocytic leukemia B cells. J Cell Physiol. 225:792–800. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zissel Gl, Höhne K, Kilic A, Maier C, Goldmann T, Prasse A, Ploenes T, Trepel M, Eibel H and Müller-Quernheim J: Identification of the CCL18 receptor - effects of CCL18 on human lung fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis are mediated via CCR6. Pneumologie. 66:P3_0122012. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Balkwill F, Charles KA and Mantovani A: Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell. 7:211–217. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Guerra C, Collado M, Navas C, Schuhmacher AJ, Hernández-Porras I, Cañamero M, Rodriguez-Justo M, Serrano M and Barbacid M: Pancreatitis-induced inflammation contributes to pancreatic cancer by inhibiting oncogene-induced senescence. Cancer Cell. 19:728–739. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Coussens LM and Werb Z: Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 420:860–867. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Balkwill F and Mantovani A: Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow? Lancet. 357:539–545. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Darash-Yahana M, Gillespie JW, Hewitt SM, et al: The chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor, CXCR6, as markers and promoters of inflammation-associated cancers. PLoS One. 4:e66952009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Schutyser E, Struyf S, Proost P, et al: Identification of biologically active chemokine isoforms from ascitic fluid and elevated levels of CCL18/pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine in ovarian carcinoma. J Biol Chem. 277:24584–24593. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Ploenes T, Scholtes B, Krohn A, Burger M, Passlick B, Müller-Quernheim J and Zissel G: CC-chemokine ligand 18 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in lung cancer A549 cells and elevates the invasive potential. PLoS One. 8:e530682013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Günther C, Zimmermann N, Berndt N, Grosser M, Stein A, Koch A and Meurer M: Up-regulation of the chemokine CCL18 by macrophages is a potential immunomodulatory pathway in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 179:1434–1442. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Plönes T, Krohn A, Burger M, Veelken H, Passlick B, Müller-Quernheim J and Zissel G: Serum level of CC-chemokine ligand 18 is increased in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and correlates with survival time in adenocarcinomas. PLoS One. 7:e417462012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Urquidi V, Kim J, Chang M, Dai Y, Rosser CJ and Goodison S: CCL18 in a multiplex urine-based assay for the detection of bladder cancer. PLoS One. 7:e377972012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Leung SY, Yuen ST, Chu KM, Mathy JA, Li R, Chan AS, Law S, Wong J, Chen X and So S: Expression profiling identifies chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 as an independent prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. Gastroenterology. 127:457–469. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Fanelli MF, Chinen LT, Begnami MD, Costa WL Jr, Fregnami JH, Soares FA and Montagnini AL: The influence of transforming growth factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-9 and CXCR4 proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition on overall survival of patients with gastric cancer. Histopathology. 61:153–161. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Hao M, Zheng J, Hou K and Wang J, Chen X, Lu X, Bo J, Xu C, Shen K and Wang J: Role of chemokine receptor CXCR7 in bladder cancer progression. Biochem Pharmacol. 84:204–214. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Bertran E, Caja L, Navarro E, Sancho P, Mainez J, Murillo MM, Vinyals A, Fabra A and Fabregat I: Role of CXCR4/SDF-1 alpha in the migratory phenotype of hepatoma cells that have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition in response to the transforming growth factor-beta. Cell Signal. 21:1595–606. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Meng F, Li W, Li C, Gao Z, Guo K and Song S: CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 46: 1109-1120, 2015.
APA
Meng, F., Li, W., Li, C., Gao, Z., Guo, K., & Song, S. (2015). CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. International Journal of Oncology, 46, 1109-1120. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2794
MLA
Meng, F., Li, W., Li, C., Gao, Z., Guo, K., Song, S."CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 46.3 (2015): 1109-1120.
Chicago
Meng, F., Li, W., Li, C., Gao, Z., Guo, K., Song, S."CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 46, no. 3 (2015): 1109-1120. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2794
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Meng F, Li W, Li C, Gao Z, Guo K and Song S: CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 46: 1109-1120, 2015.
APA
Meng, F., Li, W., Li, C., Gao, Z., Guo, K., & Song, S. (2015). CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. International Journal of Oncology, 46, 1109-1120. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2794
MLA
Meng, F., Li, W., Li, C., Gao, Z., Guo, K., Song, S."CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 46.3 (2015): 1109-1120.
Chicago
Meng, F., Li, W., Li, C., Gao, Z., Guo, K., Song, S."CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 46, no. 3 (2015): 1109-1120. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2794
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team