Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
April-2015 Volume 46 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2015 Volume 46 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Maitham A. Khajah
    • Princy M. Mathew
    • Nada S. Alam-Eldin
    • Yunus A. Luqmani
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
  • Pages: 1685-1698
    |
    Published online on: February 9, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2884
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

De novo and acquired resistance to endocrine-based therapies in breast cancer occurs in parallel with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is associated with enhanced proliferative and metastatic potential, and poor clinical outcome. We have established several endocrine insensitive breast cancer lines by shRNA-induced depletion of estrogen receptor (ER) by transfection of MCF7 cells. All of these exhibit EMT. We have previously reported that brief exposure of specifically ER- breast cancer cells, to extracellular alkaline pH, results in cell rounding and segregation, and leads to enhanced invasive potential. In this study we describe more detailed morphological changes and compare these with cell exposure to acidic pH. Morphological changes and localization of various molecules critical for cell adhesion and motility, associated with pH effects, were assessed by live cell microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Exposure of either ER- or ER+ breast cancer cells to extracellular acidic pH did not induce significant changes in morphological appearance. Conversely, brief exposure of specifically ER silenced cells, to alkaline pH, resulted in cell contractolation and formation of bleb-like actin-rich structures which were evenly distributed on the outer membrane. Integrin α2, FAK, and JAM-1 were found in the cytoplasm streaming into the newly formed blebs. These blebs appear to be related to cell polarity and movement. Pre-treatment with cytochalasin-D or inhibitors of Rho or MLCK prevented both contractolation and bleb formation. Our data suggest that the effect of pH on the microenvironment of endocrine resistant breast cancer cells needs to be more extensively investigated. Alkaline, rather than acidic pH, appears to induce dramatic morphological changes, and enhances their invasive capabilities, through re-organization of cortical actin.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

View References

1 

Al Saleh S, Sharaf LH and Luqmani YA: Signalling pathways involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer and associations with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (Review). Int J Oncol. 38:1197–1217. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Luqmani YA, Al Azmi A, Al Bader M, Abraham G and El Zawahri M: Modification of gene expression induced by siRNA targeting of estrogen receptor alpha in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 34:231–242. 2009.

3 

Al Saleh S, Al Mulla F and Luqmani YA: Estrogen receptor silencing induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 6:212011. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Roxanis I: Occurrence and significance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol. 66:517–521. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Giuliano M, Schifp R, Osborne CK and Trivedi MV: Biological mechanisms and clinical implications of endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Breast. 9776:70293–70294. 2011.

6 

Khajah MA, Al Saleh S, Mathew PM and Luqmani YA: Differential effect of growth factors on invasion and proliferation of endocrine resistant breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 7:302012. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Vaupel P, Kallinowski F and Okunieff P: Blood flow, oxygen and nutrient supply, and metabolic microenvironment of human tumors: a review. Cancer Res. 49:6449–6465. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Gatenby RA and Gillies RJ: Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis? Nat Rev Cancer. 4:891–899. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Hashim AI, Zhang X, Wojtkowiak JW, Martinez GV and Gillies RJ: Imaging pH and metastasis. NMR Biomed. 24:582–591. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Cairns R, Papandreou I and Denko N: Overcoming physiologic barriers to cancer treatment by molecularly targeting the tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res. 4:61–70. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Izumi H, Torigoe T, Ishiguchi H, et al: Cellular pH regulators: potentially promising molecular targets for cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 29:541–549. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Boedtkjer E, Moreira JM, Mele M, et al: Contribution of Na+, HCO3(−)-cotransport to cellular pH control in human breast cancer: a role for the breast cancer susceptibility locus NBCn1 (SLC4A7). Int J Cancer. 132:1288–1299. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Abaza M and Luqmani YA: The influence of pH and hypoxia on tumor metastasis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 13:1229–1242. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Rozhin J, Sameni M, Ziegler G and Sloane BF: Pericellular pH affects distribution and secretion of cathepsin B in malignant cells. Cancer Res. 54:6517–6525. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Brisson L, Reshkin SJ, Gore J and Roger S: pH regulators in invadosomal functioning: proton delivery for matrix tasting. Eur J Cell Biol. 91:847–860. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Xiao H, Li TK, Yang JM and Liu LF: Acidic pH induces topoisomerase II-mediated DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:5205–5210. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Morita T, Nagaki T, Fukuda I and Okumura K: Clastogenicity of low pH to various cultured mammalian cells. Mutat Res. 268:297–305. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Matsubara T, Diresta GR, Kakunaga S, Li D and Healey JH: Additive influence of extracellular pH, oxygen tension, and pressure on invasiveness and survival of human osteosarcoma cells. Front Oncol. 3:20132013. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Raghunand N, Altbach MI, van Sluis R, et al: Plasmalemmal pH-gradients in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant MCF-7 human breast carcinoma xenografts measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochem Pharmacol. 57:309–312. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Robey IF, Baggett BK, Kirkpatrick ND, et al: Bicarbonate increases tumor pH and inhibits spontaneous metastases. Cancer Res. 69:2260–2268. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ibrahim-Hashim A, Cornnell HH, Abrahams D, et al: Systemic buffers inhibit carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice. J Urol. 188:624–631. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Morimura T, Fujita K, Akita M, Nagashima M and Satomi A: The proton pump inhibitor inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Surg Int. 24:1087–1094. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kastelein F, Spaander MC, Steyerberg EW, et al: Proton pump inhibitors reduce the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 11:382–388. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Williams AC, Collard TJ and Paraskeva C: An acidic environment leads to p53 dependent induction of apoptosis in human adenoma and carcinoma cell lines: implications for clonal selection during colorectal carcinogenesis. Oncogene. 18:3199–3204. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Putney LK and Barber DL: Na-H exchange-dependent increase in intracellular pH times G2/M entry and transition. J Biol Chem. 278:44645–44649. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ohtsubo T, Wang X, Takahashi A, et al: p53-dependent induction of WAF1 by a low-pH culture condition in human glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res. 57:3910–3913. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Smallbone K, Maini PK and Gatenby RA: Episodic, transient systemic acidosis delays evolution of the malignant phenotype: Possible mechanism for cancer prevention by increased physical activity. Biol Direct. 5:1745–6150. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Chen JL, Lucas JE, Schroeder T, et al: The genomic analysis of lactic acidosis and acidosis response in human cancers. PLoS Genet. 4:52008. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Khajah MA, Almohri I, Mathew PM and Luqmani YA: Extracellular alkaline pH leads to increased metastatic potential of estrogen receptor silenced endocrine resistant breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 8:20132013. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Calorini L, Peppicelli S and Bianchini F: Extracellular acidity as favouring factor of tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. Exp Oncol. 34:79–84. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

31 

McCarty MF and Whitaker J: Manipulating tumor acidification as a cancer treatment strategy. Altern Med Rev. 15:264–272. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Kato Y, Nakayama Y, Umeda M and Miyazaki K: Induction of 103-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase by acidic culture conditions in mouse metastatic melanoma cell lines. J Biol Chem. 267:11424–11430. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Rofstad EK, Mathiesen B, Kindem K and Galappathi K: Acidic extracellular pH promotes experimental metastasis of human melanoma cells in athymic nude mice. Cancer Res. 66:6699–6707. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

el-Deiry WS, Tokino T, Velculescu VE, et al: WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell. 75:817–825. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Xiong Y, Hannon GJ, Zhang H, Casso D, Kobayashi R and Beach D: p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases. Nature. 366:701–704. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Noda A, Ning Y, Venable SF, Pereira-Smith OM and Smith JR: Cloning of senescent cell-derived inhibitors of DNA synthesis using an expression screen. Exp Cell Res. 211:90–98. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Majima HJ, Oberley TD, Furukawa K, et al: Prevention of mitochondrial injury by manganese superoxide dismutase reveals a primary mechanism for alkaline-induced cell death. J Biol Chem. 273:8217–8224. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Trinkaus JP: Surface activity and locomotion of Fundulus deep cells during blastula and gastrula stages. Dev Biol. 30:69–103. 1973. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Bergert M, Chandradoss SD, Desai RA and Paluch E: Cell mechanics control rapid transitions between blebs and lamellipodia during migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109:14434–14439. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Norman LL, Brugues J, Sengupta K, Sens P and Aranda-Espinoza H: Cell blebbing and membrane area homeostasis in spreading and retracting cells. Biophys J. 99:1726–1733. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Fishkind DJ, Cao LG and Wang YL: Microinjection of the catalytic fragment of myosin light chain kinase into dividing cells: effects on mitosis and cytokinesis. J Cell Biol. 114:967–975. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Boss J: Mitosis in cultures of newt tissues. IV The cell surface in late anaphase and the movements of ribonucleoprotein. Exp Cell Res. 8:181–187. 1955. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Boss J: Mitosis in cultures of newt tissues. III Cleavage and chromosome movements in anaphase. Exp Cell Res. 7:443–456. 1954. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Boss J: Mitosis in cultures of newt tissues. I A critical study of the methods and material. Exp Cell Res. 7:215–231. 1954. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Moes MJ, Bijvelt JJ and Boonstra J: Attachment of HeLa cells during early G1 phase. Histochem Cell Biol. 136:399–411. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Charras G and Paluch E: Blebs lead the way: how to migrate without lamellipodia. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9:730–736. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Charras GT: A short history of blebbing. J Microsc. 231:466–478. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Wyllie AH, Kerr JF and Currie AR: Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. Int Rev Cytol. 68:251–306. 1980. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Earnshaw WC: Nuclear changes in apoptosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 7:337–343. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Jacobson MD, Weil M and Raff MC: Programmed cell death in animal development. Cell. 88:347–354. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Mills JC, Stone NL, Erhardt J and Pittman RN: Apoptotic membrane blebbing is regulated by myosin light chain phosphorylation. J Cell Biol. 140:627–636. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Bovellan M, Fritzsche M, Stevens C and Charras G: Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) and signal transduction: blebbing in programmed cell death. FEBS J. 277:58–65. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Cotter TG, Lennon SV, Glynn JM and Green DR: Microfilament-disrupting agents prevent the formation of apoptotic bodies in tumor cells undergoing apoptosis. Cancer Res. 52:997–1005. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

54 

Cunningham CC: Actin polymerization and intracellular solvent flow in cell surface blebbing. J Cell Biol. 129:1589–1599. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Laster SM and Mackenzie JM Jr: Bleb formation and F-actin distribution during mitosis and tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis. Microsc Res Tech. 34:272–280. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Pitzer F, Dantes A, Fuchs T, Baumeister W and Amsterdam A: Removal of proteasomes from the nucleus and their accumulation in apoptotic blebs during programmed cell death. FEBS Lett. 394:47–50. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Vemuri GS, Zhang J, Huang R, Keen JH and Rittenhouse SE: Thrombin stimulates wortmannin-inhibitable phosphoinositide 3-kinase and membrane blebbing in CHRF-288 cells. Biochem J. 314:805–810. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

58 

Keller H and Eggli P: Protrusive activity, cytoplasmic compartmentalization, and restriction rings in locomoting blebbing Walker carcinosarcoma cells are related to detachment of cortical actin from the plasma membrane. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 41:181–193. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Kohama K, Ye LH, Hayakawa K and Okagaki T: Myosin light chain kinase: an actin-binding protein that regulates an ATP-dependent interaction with myosin. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 17:284–287. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Gallagher PJ, Herring BP and Stull JT: Myosin light chain kinases. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 18:1–16. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Ridley AJ and Hall A: The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors. Cell. 70:389–399. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M and Burridge K: Rho-stimulated contractility drives the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions. J Cell Biol. 133:1403–1415. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Jia Z, Vadnais J, Lu ML, Noel J and Nabi IR: Rho/ROCK-dependent pseudopodial protrusion and cellular blebbing are regulated by p38 MAPK in tumour cells exhibiting autocrine c-Met activation. Biol Cell. 98:337–351. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Fackler OT and Grosse R: Cell motility through plasma membrane blebbing. J Cell Biol. 181:879–884. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Keller HU and Cottier H: Crawling-like movements and polarisation in non-adherent leucocytes. Cell Biol Int Rep. 5:3–7. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Johnson KE: Circus movements and blebbing locomotion in dissociated embryonic cells of an amphibian, Xenopus laevis. J Cell Sci. 22:575–583. 1976.PubMed/NCBI

67 

Haston WS and Shields JM: Contraction waves in lymphocyte locomotion. J Cell Sci. 68:227–241. 1984.PubMed/NCBI

68 

Grinnell F: Migration of human neutrophils in hydrated collagen lattices. J Cell Sci. 58:95–108. 1982.PubMed/NCBI

69 

Keller HU, Naef A and Zimmermann A: Effects of colchicine, vinblastine and nocodazole on polarity, motility, chemotaxis and cAMP levels of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Exp Cell Res. 153:173–185. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Keller HU and Zimmermann A: Shape changes and chemokinesis of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells in response to colchicine, vinblastine, nocodazole and taxol. Invasion Metastasis. 6:33–43. 1986.PubMed/NCBI

71 

Zatulovskiy E, Tyson R, Bretschneider T and Kay RR: Bleb-driven chemotaxis of Dictyostelium cells. J Cell Biol. 204:1027–1044. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Pankova K, Rosel D, Novotny M and Brabek J: The molecular mechanisms of transition between mesenchymal and amoeboid invasiveness in tumor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 67:63–71. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar :

73 

Mandeville JT, Lawson MA and Maxfield FR: Dynamic imaging of neutrophil migration in three dimensions: mechanical interactions between cells and matrix. J Leukoc Biol. 61:188–200. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

74 

Friedl P, Borgmann S and Brocker EB: Amoeboid leukocyte crawling through extracellular matrix: lessons from the Dictyostelium paradigm of cell movement. J Leukoc Biol. 70:491–509. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

75 

Sahai E and Marshall CJ: Differing modes of tumour cell invasion have distinct requirements for Rho/ROCK signalling and extracellular proteolysis. Nat Cell Biol. 5:711–719. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Wolf K, Mazo I, Leung H, et al: Compensation mechanism in tumor cell migration: mesenchymal-amoeboid transition after blocking of pericellular proteolysis. J Cell Biol. 160:267–277. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Wyckoff JB, Pinner SE, Gschmeissner S, Condeelis JS and Sahai E: ROCK- and myosin-dependent matrix deformation enables protease-independent tumor-cell invasion in vivo. Curr Biol. 16:1515–1523. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Rosel D, Brabek J, Tolde O, et al: Up-regulation of Rho/ROCK signaling in sarcoma cells drives invasion and increased generation of protrusive forces. Mol Cancer Res. 6:1410–1420. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Torgerson RR and McNiven MA: The actin-myosin cytoskeleton mediates reversible agonist-induced membrane blebbing. J Cell Sci. 111:2911–2922. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Khajah MA, Mathew PM, Alam-Eldin NS and Luqmani YA: Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 46: 1685-1698, 2015.
APA
Khajah, M.A., Mathew, P.M., Alam-Eldin, N.S., & Luqmani, Y.A. (2015). Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 46, 1685-1698. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2884
MLA
Khajah, M. A., Mathew, P. M., Alam-Eldin, N. S., Luqmani, Y. A."Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 46.4 (2015): 1685-1698.
Chicago
Khajah, M. A., Mathew, P. M., Alam-Eldin, N. S., Luqmani, Y. A."Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 46, no. 4 (2015): 1685-1698. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2884
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Khajah MA, Mathew PM, Alam-Eldin NS and Luqmani YA: Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 46: 1685-1698, 2015.
APA
Khajah, M.A., Mathew, P.M., Alam-Eldin, N.S., & Luqmani, Y.A. (2015). Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 46, 1685-1698. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2884
MLA
Khajah, M. A., Mathew, P. M., Alam-Eldin, N. S., Luqmani, Y. A."Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 46.4 (2015): 1685-1698.
Chicago
Khajah, M. A., Mathew, P. M., Alam-Eldin, N. S., Luqmani, Y. A."Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 46, no. 4 (2015): 1685-1698. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2884
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team