Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
August-2015 Volume 47 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2015 Volume 47 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Autophagy is involved in recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rL-RVG)-induced cell death of stomach adenocarcinoma cells in vitro

  • Authors:
    • Xu-Feng Bu
    • Mu-Bing Wang
    • Zhi-Jian Zhang
    • Ying-Hai Zhao
    • Mi Li
    • Yu-Lan Yan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China, Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
  • Pages: 679-689
    |
    Published online on: June 9, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3039
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Oncolytic viruses can kill malignant cells while sparing normal cells. Multiple pathways are involved in this action. The antitumor effects of viral infection on SGC-7901 and AGS cells were investigated. We measured endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy caused by the recombinant avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota strain expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (rL-RVG) and the NDV wild-type strain. The dose-response curves were analyzed using the MTT assay. The expression of RVG was detected by western blotting, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses. Cell death and autophagy were observed using transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL and western blotting. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Immunofluorescence, western blot and RT-PCR analyses indicated that RVG gene and protein were expressed in SGC-7901 and AGS cells infected by rL-RVG. MTT and TUNEL analyses showed that the growth of SGC-7901 and AGS cells in the rL-RVG-infected group was significantly inhibited compared with the wild-type NDV-infected group (p<0.05). Western blot analysis indicated that rL-RVG and NDV induced increases in apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy in the SGC-7901 and AGS cells. However, apoptosis and autophagy decreased in these cells after the application of the autophagy pathway inhibitor 3-MA or ATG-5-specific siRNA. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the mitochondrial membrane potential collapsed. Taken together, these results indicate that the rL-RVG virus group is much more powerful compared with the NDV-infected group (p<0.05). rL-RVG and NDV are potent antitumor agents that induce autophagy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Chen J, Shen W, Xia J, Xu R, Zhu M and Xu M: Effect of S-1 maintenance chemotherapy following DCF regimen in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 34:1057–1060. 2014.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

2 

Khalighinejad N, Hariri H, Behnamfar O, Yousefi A and Momeni A: Adenoviral gene therapy in gastric cancer: A review. World J Gastroenterol. 14:180–184. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Janke M, Peeters B, de Leeuw O, Moorman R, Arnold A, Fournier P and Schirrmacher V: Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with inserted gene coding for GM-CSF as a new vector for cancer immunogene therapy. Gene Ther. 14:1639–1649. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Beutner U, Lorenz U, Illert B, Rott L, Timmermann W, Vollmers HP, Müller-Hermelink HK, Thiede A and Ulrichs K: Neoadjuvant therapy of gastric cancer with the human monoclonal IgM antibody SC-1: Impact on the immune system. Oncol Rep. 19:761–769. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Garg AD and Agostinis P: ER stress, autophagy and immunogenic cell death in photodynamic therapy-induced anti-cancer immune responses. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 13:474–487. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Hossain A, Radwan FF, Doonan BP, God JM, Zhang L, Bell PD and Haque A: A possible cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis in generating an immune response in melanoma. Apoptosis. 17:1066–1078. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Puhlmann J, Puehler F, Mumberg D, Boukamp P and Beier R: Rac1 is required for oncolytic NDV replication in human cancer cells and establishes a link between tumorigenesis and sensitivity to oncolytic virus. Oncogene. 29:2205–2216. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Pecora AL, Rizvi N, Cohen GI, Meropol NJ, Sterman D, Marshall JL, Goldberg S, Gross P, O’Neil JD, Groene WS, et al: Phase I trial of intravenous administration of PV701, an oncolytic virus, in patients with advanced solid cancers. J Clin Oncol. 20:2251–2266. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sinkovics JG and Horvath JC: Newcastle disease virus (NDV): Brief history of its oncolytic strains. J Clin Virol. 16:1–15. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Yang S, Liu W, Cui H, Sun S and Wang J: In vitro induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by inactivated NDV and IAV. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 22:200–205. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Yaacov B, Eliahoo E, Lazar I, Ben-Shlomo M, Greenbaum I, Panet A and Zakay-Rones Z: Selective oncolytic effect of an attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV-HUJ) in lung tumors. Cancer Gene Ther. 15:795–807. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Lam HY, Yeap SK, Rasoli M, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Suraini AA and Alitheen NB: Safety and clinical usage of newcastle disease virus in cancer therapy. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011:7187102011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Lay S, Préhaud C, Dietzschold B and Lafon M: Glycoprotein of nonpathogenic rabies viruses is a major inducer of apoptosis in human jurkat T cells. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1010:577–581. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Préhaud C, Lay S, Dietzschold B and Lafon M: Glycoprotein of nonpathogenic rabies viruses is a key determinant of human cell apoptosis. J Virol. 77:10537–10547. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Vähä-Koskela MJ, Heikkilä JE and Hinkkanen AE: Oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett. 254:178–216. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Klionsky DJ and Emr SD: Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. Science. 290:1717–1721. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Rubinsztein DC, Codogno P and Levine B: Autophagy modulation as a potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 11:709–730. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Carroll RG and Martin SJ: Autophagy in multiple myeloma: What makes you stronger can also kill you. Cancer Cell. 23:425–426. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Kroemer G and Levine B: Autophagic cell death: The story of a misnomer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9:1004–1010. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ahn JH and Lee M: Autophagy-dependent survival of mutant B-Raf melanoma cells selected for resistance to apoptosis induced by inhibitors against oncogenic B-Raf. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 21:114–120. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Martín V, Sanchez-Sanchez AM, Puente-Moncada N, Gomez-Lobo M, Alvarez-Vega MA, Antolín I and Rodriguez C: Involvement of autophagy in melatonin-induced cytotoxicity in glioma-initiating cells. J Pineal Res. 57:308–316. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Xu ZX, Liang J, Haridas V, Gaikwad A, Connolly FP, Mills GB and Gutterman JU: A plant triterpenoid, avicin D, induces autophagy by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Death Differ. 14:1948–1957. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Cheng J, Wei HL, Chen J and Xie B: Antitumor effect of arsenic trioxide in human K562 and K562/ADM cells by autophagy. Toxicol Mech Methods. 22:512–519. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kulich I and Žárský V: Autophagy-related direct membrane import from ER/cytoplasm into the vacuole or apoplast: A hidden gateway also for secondary metabolites and phytohormones? Int J Mol Sci. 15:7462–7474. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Shailasree S, Venkataramana M, Niranjana SR and Prakash HS: Cytotoxic effect of p-coumaric acid on neuroblastoma, N2a cell via generation of reactive oxygen species leading to dysfunction of mitochondria inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Mol Neurobiol. 51:119–130. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Ge J, Wang X, Tao L, Wen Z, Feng N, Yang S, Xia X, Yang C, Chen H and Bu Z: Newcastle disease virus-vectored rabies vaccine is safe, highly immunogenic, and provides long-lasting protection in dogs and cats. J Virol. 85:8241–8252. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Yan Y, Liang B, Zhang J, Liu Y and Bu X: Apoptotic induction of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells infected by recombinant RVG Newcastle disease virus (rLRVG) in vitro. Mol Med Rep. 11:317–326. 2015.

28 

Chen W, Sun Y, Liu K and Sun X: Autophagy: A double-edged sword for neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res. 9:1210–1216. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gong A, Ye S, Xiong E, Guo W, Zhang Y, Peng W, Shao G, Jin J, Zhang Z, Yang J, et al: Autophagy contributes to ING4-induced glioma cell death. Exp Cell Res. 319:1714–1723. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Yousefi S, Perozzo R, Schmid I, Ziemiecki A, Schaffner T, Scapozza L, Brunner T and Simon HU: Calpain-mediated cleavage of Atg5 switches autophagy to apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol. 8:1124–1132. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Yuzefovych LV, LeDoux SP, Wilson GL and Rachek LI: Mitochondrial DNA damage via augmented oxidative stress regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy: Crosstalk, links and signaling. PLoS One. 8:e833492013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zorn U, Dallmann I, Grosse J, Kirchner H, Poliwoda H and Atzpodien J: Induction of cytokines and cytotoxicity against tumor cells by Newcastle disease virus. Cancer Biother. 9:225–235. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Tsuchihara K, Fujii S and Esumi H: Autophagy and cancer: Dynamism of the metabolism of tumor cells and tissues. Cancer Lett. 278:130–138. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Kimura T, Takabatake Y, Takahashi A and Isaka Y: Chloroquine in cancer therapy: A double-edged sword of autophagy. Cancer Res. 73:3–7. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Mariño G, Martins I and Kroemer G: Autophagy in Ras-induced malignant transformation: Fatal or vital? Mol Cell. 42:1–3. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Gong JS and Kim GJ: The role of autophagy in the placenta as a regulator of cell death. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 41:97–107. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Luo S and Rubinsztein DC: BCL2L11/BIM: A novel molecular link between autophagy and apoptosis. Autophagy. 9:104–105. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar :

38 

Saeki K, Yuo A, Okuma E, Yazaki Y, Susin SA, Kroemer G and Takaku F: Bcl-2 down-regulation causes autophagy in a caspase-independent manner in human leukemic HL60 cells. Cell Death Differ. 7:1263–1269. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Lomonosova E and Chinnadurai G: BH3-only proteins in apoptosis and beyond: An overview. Oncogene. 27(Suppl 1): S2–S19. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Pattingre S, Tassa A, Qu X, Garuti R, Liang XH, Mizushima N, Packer M, Schneider MD and Levine B: Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Cell. 122:927–939. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Cho DH, Jo YK, Hwang JJ, Lee YM, Roh SA and Kim JC: Caspase-mediated cleavage of ATG6/Beclin-1 links apoptosis to autophagy in HeLa cells. Cancer Lett. 274:95–100. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Lin CJ, Lee CC, Shih YL, Lin CH, Wang SH, Chen TH and Shih CM: Inhibition of mitochondria- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy augments temozolomide-induced apoptosis in glioma cells. PLoS One. 7:e387062012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Jheng JR, Ho JY and Horng JT: ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses. Front Microbiol. 5:3882014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Digaleh H, Kiaei M and Khodagholi F: Nrf2 and Nrf1 signaling and ER stress crosstalk: Implication for proteasomal degradation and autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci. 70:4681–4694. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Tian J, Hu X and Qu Q: Effect and mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress on cisplatin resistance in ovarian carcinoma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 36:324–328. 2014.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

46 

Suzuki SW, Onodera J and Ohsumi Y: Starvation induced cell death in autophagy-defective yeast mutants is caused by mitochondria dysfunction. PLoS One. 6:e174122011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Meng C, Zhou Z, Jiang K, Yu S, Jia L, Wu Y, Liu Y, Meng S and Ding C: Newcastle disease virus triggers autophagy in U251 glioma cells to enhance virus replication. Arch Virol. 157:1011–1018. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Meng G, Xia M, Wang D, Chen A, Wang Y, Wang H, Yu D and Wei J: Mitophagy promotes replication of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus by blocking intrinsic apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget. 5:6365–6374. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

49 

Marzetti E, Csiszar A, Dutta D, Balagopal G, Calvani R and Leeuwenburgh C: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and altered autophagy in cardiovascular aging and disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 305:H459–H476. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Wu JJ, Quijano C, Chen E, Liu H, Cao L, Fergusson MM, Rovira II, Gutkind S, Daniels MP, Komatsu M, et al: Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress mediate the physiological impairment induced by the disruption of autophagy. Aging (Albany, NY). 1:425–437. 2009.

51 

Lee J, Giordano S and Zhang J: Autophagy, mitochondria and oxidative stress: Cross-talk and redox signalling. Biochem J. 441:523–540. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Bu X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Li M and Yan Y: Autophagy is involved in recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rL-RVG)-induced cell death of stomach adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 47: 679-689, 2015.
APA
Bu, X., Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Li, M., & Yan, Y. (2015). Autophagy is involved in recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rL-RVG)-induced cell death of stomach adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. International Journal of Oncology, 47, 679-689. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3039
MLA
Bu, X., Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Li, M., Yan, Y."Autophagy is involved in recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rL-RVG)-induced cell death of stomach adenocarcinoma cells in vitro". International Journal of Oncology 47.2 (2015): 679-689.
Chicago
Bu, X., Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Li, M., Yan, Y."Autophagy is involved in recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rL-RVG)-induced cell death of stomach adenocarcinoma cells in vitro". International Journal of Oncology 47, no. 2 (2015): 679-689. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3039
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Bu X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Li M and Yan Y: Autophagy is involved in recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rL-RVG)-induced cell death of stomach adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 47: 679-689, 2015.
APA
Bu, X., Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Li, M., & Yan, Y. (2015). Autophagy is involved in recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rL-RVG)-induced cell death of stomach adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. International Journal of Oncology, 47, 679-689. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3039
MLA
Bu, X., Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Li, M., Yan, Y."Autophagy is involved in recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rL-RVG)-induced cell death of stomach adenocarcinoma cells in vitro". International Journal of Oncology 47.2 (2015): 679-689.
Chicago
Bu, X., Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Li, M., Yan, Y."Autophagy is involved in recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rL-RVG)-induced cell death of stomach adenocarcinoma cells in vitro". International Journal of Oncology 47, no. 2 (2015): 679-689. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3039
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team