Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
January-2016 Volume 48 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2016 Volume 48 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Apoptosis and antitumor effects induced by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells

  • Authors:
    • Ryosuke Horie
    • Osamu Nakamura
    • Yoshiki Yamagami
    • Masaki Mori
    • Hideki Nishimura
    • Natsuko Fukuoka
    • Tetsuji Yamamoto
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
    Copyright: © Horie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 37-44
    |
    Published online on: November 3, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3227
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway promotes the initiation of autophagy. Although it remains under debate whether chemotherapy-induced autophagy in tumor cells is a protective response or is invoked to promote cell death, recent studies indicate that autophagy is a self-defense mechanism of cancer cells that are subjected to antitumor agents and that blocking autophagy can trigger apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, on MG63 osteosarcoma cells. We further examined whether the combination of rapamycin and the small molecule inhibitor of autophagy Spautin-1 (specific and potent autophagy inhibitor-1) enhanced the rapamycin-induced apoptosis in MG63 cells. We examined the effects of rapamycin treatment on cell proliferation, phosphorylation of mTOR pathway components, and autophagy by western blot analysis. Furthermore, we examined the effects of rapamycin with or without Spautin-1 on the induction of apoptosis by western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. We found that rapamycin inhibited cell proliferation and decreased the phosphorylation of mTOR pathway components in MG63 cells. Rapamycin induced the apoptosis of MG63 cells, and this apoptosis was enhanced by Spautin-1. It was considered that Spautin-1 suppressed the protective mechanism induced by rapamycin in tumor cells and induced apoptosis. Therefore, the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor may be effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma because it effectively induces the apoptotic pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Ottaviani G and Jaffe N: The epidemiology of osteosarcoma. Cancer Treat Res. 152:3–13. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Wardelmann E, Chemnitz JM and Wendtner CM: Targeted therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. Onkologie. 35(Suppl 1): 21–27. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Arslan MA, Kutuk O and Basaga H: Protein kinases as drug targets in cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 6:623–634. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Hay N and Sonenberg N: Upstream and downstream of mTOR. Genes Dev. 18:1926–1945. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Gridelli C, Maione P and Rossi A: The potential role of mTOR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist. 13:139–147. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Mita MM and Tolcher AW: The role of mTOR inhibitors for treatment of sarcomas. Curr Oncol Rep. 9:316–322. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Kim KW, Mutter RW, Cao C, Albert JM, Freeman M, Hallahan DE and Lu B: Autophagy for cancer therapy through inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. J Biol Chem. 281:36883–36890. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hung JY, Hsu YL, Li CT, Ko YC, Ni WC, Huang MS and Kuo PL: 6-Shogaol, an active constituent of dietary ginger, induces autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 57:9809–9816. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Tan ML, Ooi JP, Ismail N, Moad AI and Muhammad TS: Programmed cell death pathways and current antitumor targets. Pharm Res. 26:1547–1560. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Laplante M and Sabatini DM: mTOR signaling in growth control and disease. Cell. 149:274–293. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zoncu R, Efeyan A and Sabatini DM: mTOR: From growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 12:21–35. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Beauchamp EM and Platanias LC: The evolution of the TOR pathway and its role in cancer. Oncogene. 32:3923–3932. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Gozuacik D and Kimchi A: Autophagy as a cell death and tumor suppressor mechanism. Oncogene. 23:2891–2906. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Roca H, Varsos Z and Pienta KJ: CCL2 protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT-dependent survivin up-regulation. J Biol Chem. 283:25057–25073. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Rami A and Kögel D: Apoptosis meets autophagy-like cell death in the ischemic penumbra: Two sides of the same coin? Autophagy. 4:422–426. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Kondo Y, Kanzawa T, Sawaya R and Kondo S: The role of autophagy in cancer development and response to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 5:726–734. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Liu D, Yang Y, Liu Q and Wang J: Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA potentiates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Med Oncol. 28:105–111. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Kanematsu S, Uehara N, Miki H, Yoshizawa K, Kawanaka A, Yuri T and Tsubura A: Autophagy inhibition enhances sulforaphane-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 30:3381–3390. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Ren Y, Huang F, Liu Y, Yang Y, Jiang Q and Xu C: Autophagy inhibition through PI3K/Akt increases apoptosis by sodium selenite in NB4 cells. BMB Rep. 42:599–604. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Liu J, Xia H, Kim M, Xu L, Li Y, Zhang L, Cai Y, Norberg HV, Zhang T, Furuya T, et al: Beclin1 controls the levels of p53 by regulating the deubiquitination activity of USP10 and USP13. Cell. 147:223–234. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Pankiv S, Clausen TH, Lamark T, Brech A, Bruun JA, Outzen H, Øvervatn A, Bjørkøy G and Johansen T: p62/SQSTM1 binds directly to Atg8/LC3 to facilitate degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy. J Biol Chem. 282:24131–24145. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Kim MS, Kuehn HS, Metcalfe DD and Gilfillan AM: Activation and function of the mTORC1 pathway in mast cells. J Immunol. 180:4586–4595. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Klionsky DJ and Emr SD: Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. Science. 290:1717–1721. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Meijer AJ and Codogno P: Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 36:2445–2462. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Mori M, Hitora T, Nakamura O, Yamagami Y, Horie R, Nishimura H and Yamamoto T: Hsp90 inhibitor induces autophagy and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol. 46:47–54. 2015.

26 

Liang X, Tang J, Liang Y, Jin R and Cai X: Suppression of autophagy by chloroquine sensitizes 5-fluorouracil-mediated cell death in gallbladder carcinoma cells. Cell Biosci. 4:102014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Liu B, Cheng Y, Zhang B, Bian HJ and Bao JK: Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A375 cells through a mitochondria-mediated ROS-p38-p53 pathway. Cancer Lett. 275:54–60. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Wang Q, Chen Z, Diao X and Huang S: Induction of autophagy-dependent apoptosis by the survivin suppressant YM155 in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 302:29–36. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Nakamura O, Hitora T, Yamagami Y, Mori M, Nishimura H, Horie R, Yamaguchi K and Yamamoto T: The combination of rapamycin and MAPK inhibitors enhances the growth inhibitory effect on Nara-H cells. Int J Mol Med. 33:1491–1497. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Correa RJ, Valdes YR, Peart TM, Fazio EN, Bertrand M, McGee J, Préfontaine M, Sugimoto A, DiMattia GE and Shepherd TG: Combination of AKT inhibition with autophagy blockade effectively reduces ascites-derived ovarian cancer cell viability. Carcinogenesis. 35:1951–1961. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Nishikawa T, Tsuno NH, Okaji Y, Shuno Y, Sasaki K, Hongo K, Sunami E, Kitayama J, Takahashi K and Nagawa H: Inhibition of autophagy potentiates sulforaphane-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Ann Surg Oncol. 17:592–602. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Nakamura O, Hitora T, Akisue T, Kawamoto T, Yamagami Y and Yamamoto T: Inhibition of induced autophagy increases apoptosis of Nara-H cells. Int J Oncol. 39:1545–1552. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Horie R, Nakamura O, Yamagami Y, Mori M, Nishimura H, Fukuoka N and Yamamoto T: Apoptosis and antitumor effects induced by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. Int J Oncol 48: 37-44, 2016.
APA
Horie, R., Nakamura, O., Yamagami, Y., Mori, M., Nishimura, H., Fukuoka, N., & Yamamoto, T. (2016). Apoptosis and antitumor effects induced by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. International Journal of Oncology, 48, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3227
MLA
Horie, R., Nakamura, O., Yamagami, Y., Mori, M., Nishimura, H., Fukuoka, N., Yamamoto, T."Apoptosis and antitumor effects induced by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells". International Journal of Oncology 48.1 (2016): 37-44.
Chicago
Horie, R., Nakamura, O., Yamagami, Y., Mori, M., Nishimura, H., Fukuoka, N., Yamamoto, T."Apoptosis and antitumor effects induced by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells". International Journal of Oncology 48, no. 1 (2016): 37-44. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3227
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Horie R, Nakamura O, Yamagami Y, Mori M, Nishimura H, Fukuoka N and Yamamoto T: Apoptosis and antitumor effects induced by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. Int J Oncol 48: 37-44, 2016.
APA
Horie, R., Nakamura, O., Yamagami, Y., Mori, M., Nishimura, H., Fukuoka, N., & Yamamoto, T. (2016). Apoptosis and antitumor effects induced by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. International Journal of Oncology, 48, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3227
MLA
Horie, R., Nakamura, O., Yamagami, Y., Mori, M., Nishimura, H., Fukuoka, N., Yamamoto, T."Apoptosis and antitumor effects induced by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells". International Journal of Oncology 48.1 (2016): 37-44.
Chicago
Horie, R., Nakamura, O., Yamagami, Y., Mori, M., Nishimura, H., Fukuoka, N., Yamamoto, T."Apoptosis and antitumor effects induced by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells". International Journal of Oncology 48, no. 1 (2016): 37-44. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3227
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team