Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
June-2016 Volume 48 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2016 Volume 48 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells

  • Authors:
    • Youying Tu
    • Eunhye Kim
    • Ying Gao
    • Gary O. Rankin
    • Bo Li
    • Yi Charlie Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
  • Pages: 2657-2665
    |
    Published online on: April 6, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3472
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer among women worldwide. Adverse side effects and acquired resistance to conventional platinum based chemotherapy are major impediments in ovarian cancer treatment, and drive the development of more selective anticancer drugs that target cancer-specific defects. In this study, theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate (TF3), the major theaflavin monomer in black tea, exhibited a potent growth inhibitory effect on the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells (IC50, 23.81 µM), and was less cytotoxic to a normal ovarian IOSE‑364 cells (IC50, 59.58 µM) than to the cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that TF3 induced preferential apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest in A2780/CP70 cells with respect to IOSE‑364 cells. TF3 induced apoptosis through both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, and caused G2 cell cycle arrest via cyclin B1 in A2780/CP70 cells. The p53 protein played an important role in TF3-induced apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest. TF3 might upregulate the p53 expression via the Akt/MDM2 pathway. Our findings help elucidate the mechanisms by which TF3 may contribute to the prevention and treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

View References

1 

McLean K, VanDeVen NA, Sorenson DR, Daudi S and Liu JR: The HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol. 112:623–630. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Lee RX, Li QQ and Reed E: β-elemene effectively suppresses the growth and survival of both platinum-sensitive and -resistant ovarian tumor cells. Anticancer Res. 32:3103–3113. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Yang YI, Kim JH, Lee KT and Choi JH: Costunolide induces apoptosis in platinum-resistant human ovarian cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species. Gynecol Oncol. 123:588–596. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Wahl H, Tan L, Griffith K, Choi M and Liu JR: Curcumin enhances Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol. 105:104–112. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Buolamwini JK: Cell cycle molecular targets in novel anticancer drug discovery. Curr Pharm Des. 6:379–392. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Diaz-Moralli S, Tarrado-Castellarnau M, Miranda A and Cascante M: Targeting cell cycle regulation in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther. 138:255–271. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Luo H, Rankin GO, Li Z, Depriest L and Chen YC: Kaempferol induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through activating p53 in the intrinsic pathway. Food Chem. 128:513–519. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Sarkar A and Bhaduri A: Black tea is a powerful chemopreventor of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Comparison with its individual catechin constituents and green tea. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 284:173–178. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Koňariková K, Ježovičová M, Keresteš J, Gbelcová H, Ďuračková Z and Žitňanová I: Anticancer effect of black tea extract in human cancer cell lines. Springerplus. 4:1272015. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Qian Y, Zhu K, Wang Q, Li G and Zhao X: Antimutagenic activity and preventive effect of black tea on buccal mucosa cancer. Oncol Lett. 6:595–599. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Cassidy A, Huang T, Rice MS, Rimm EB and Tworoger SS: Intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 100:1344–1351. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Jin D, Xu Y, Mei X, Meng Q, Gao Y, Li B and Tu Y: Antiobesity and lipid lowering effects of theaflavins on high-fat diet induced obese rats. J Funct Foods. 5:1142–1150. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Li B, Vik SB and Tu Y: Theaflavins inhibit the ATP synthase and the respiratory chain without increasing superoxide production. J Nutr Biochem. 23:953–960. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Bhattacharya U, Halder B, Mukhopadhyay S and Giri AK: Role of oxidation-triggered activation of JNK and p38 MAPK in black tea polyphenols induced apoptotic death of A375 cells. Cancer Sci. 100:1971–1978. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Adhikary A, Mohanty S, Lahiry L, Hossain DM, Chakraborty S and Das T: Theaflavins retard human breast cancer cell migration by inhibiting NF-kappaB via p53-ROS cross-talk. FEBS Lett. 584:7–14. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Schuck AG, Ausubel MB, Zuckerbraun HL and Babich H: Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate, a component of black tea: An inducer of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro. 22:598–609. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Zhang G, Miura Y and Yagasaki K: Suppression of adhesion and invasion of hepatoma cells in culture by tea compounds through antioxidative activity. Cancer Lett. 159:169–173. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Sullivan KD, Gallant-Behm CL, Henry RE, Fraikin JL and Espinosa JM: The p53 circuit board. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1825.229–244. 2012.

19 

Levine AJ, Hu W and Feng Z: The P53 pathway: What questions remain to be explored? Cell Death Differ. 13:1027–1036. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kao CL, Hsu HS, Chen HW and Cheng TH: Rapamycin increases the p53/MDM2 protein ratio and p53-dependent apoptosis by translational inhibition of mdm2 in cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 286:250–259. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Abedini MR, Muller EJ, Bergeron R, Gray DA and Tsang BK: Akt promotes chemoresistance in human ovarian cancer cells by modulating cisplatin-induced, p53-dependent ubiquitination of FLICE-like inhibitory protein. Oncogene. 29:11–25. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Miura K, Satoh M, Kinouchi M, Yamamoto K, Hasegawa Y, Kakugawa Y, Kawai M, Uchimi K, Aizawa H, Ohnuma S, et al: The use of natural products in colorectal cancer drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 10:411–426. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Chen H, Landen CN, Li Y, Alvarez RD and Tollefsbol TO: Epigallocatechin gallate and sulforaphane combination treatment induce apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells through hTERT and Bcl-2 down-regulation. Exp Cell Res. 319:697–706. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Yang Z, Jie G, Dong F, Xu Y, Watanabe N and Tu Y: Radical-scavenging abilities and antioxidant properties of theaflavins and their gallate esters in H2O2-mediated oxidative damage system in the HPF-1 cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 22:1250–1256. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Li B, Gao Y, Rankin GO, Rojanasakul Y, Cutler SJ, Tu Y and Chen YC: Chaetoglobosin K induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through p53-dependent pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 356(2 Pt B): 418–433. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

26 

Hu W, Wang F, Tang J, Liu X, Yuan Z, Nie C and Wei Y: Proapoptotic protein Smac mediates apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells when treated with the anti-tumor agent AT101. J Biol Chem. 287:68–80. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

27 

Wilson TR, Johnston PG and Longley DB: Anti-apoptotic mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 9:307–319. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Brunelle JK and Letai A: Control of mitochondrial apoptosis by the Bcl-2 family. J Cell Sci. 122:437–441. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Kim SY, Lee DH, Song X, Bartlett DL, Kwon YT and Lee YJ: Role of Bcl-xL/Beclin-1 in synergistic apoptotic effects of secretory TRAIL-armed adenovirus in combination with mitomycin C and hyperthermia on colon cancer cells. Apoptosis. 19:1603–1615. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Liu T, Hannafon B, Gill L, Kelly W and Benbrook D: Flex-Hets differentially induce apoptosis in cancer over normal cells by directly targeting mitochondria. Mol Cancer Ther. 6:1814–1822. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Ozören N and El-Deiry WS: Cell surface death receptor signaling in normal and cancer cells. Semin Cancer Biol. 13:135–147. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Lahiry L, Saha B, Chakraborty J, Adhikary A, Mohanty S, Hossain DM, Banerjee S, Das K, Sa G and Das T: Theaflavins target Fas/caspase-8 and Akt/pBad pathways to induce apoptosis in p53-mutated human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 31:259–268. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Saha P, Banerjee S, Ganguly C, Manna S, Panda CK and Das S: Black tea extract can modulate protein expression of H-ras, c-Myc, p53, and Bcl-2 genes during pulmonary hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 24:211–224. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kawabe T: G2 checkpoint abrogators as anticancer drugs. Mol Cancer Ther. 3:513–519. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Duiker EW, Meijer A, van der Bilt AR, Meersma GJ, Kooi N, van der Zee AG, de Vries EG and de Jong S: Drug-induced caspase 8 upregulation sensitises cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells to rhTRAIL-induced apoptosis. Br J Cancer. 104:1278–1287. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Yu W, Park SK, Jia L, Tiwary R, Scott WW, Li J, Wang P, Simmons-Menchaca M, Sanders BG and Kline K: RRR-gamma-tocopherol induces human breast cancer cells to undergo apoptosis via death receptor 5 (DR5)-mediated apoptotic signaling. Cancer Lett. 259:165–176. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Prasad S, Kaur J, Roy P, Kalra N and Shukla Y: Theaflavins induce G2/M arrest by modulating expression of p21waf1/cip1, cdc25C and cyclin B in human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells. Life Sci. 81:1323–1331. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kuo YC, Kuo PL, Hsu YL, Cho CY and Lin CC: Ellipticine induces apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Life Sci. 78:2550–2557. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Pucci B, Kasten M and Giordano A: Cell cycle and apoptosis. Neoplasia. 2:291–299. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Green JA, Berns EM, Coens C, van Luijk I, Thompson-Hehir J, van Diest P, Verheijen RH, van de Vijver M, van Dam P, Kenter GG, et al; EORTC Gynaecological Cancer Group. Alterations in the p53 pathway and prognosis in advanced ovarian cancer: A multi-factorial analysis of the EORTC Gynaecological Cancer group (study 55865). Eur J Cancer. 42:2539–2548. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Brown R, Clugston C, Burns P, Edlin A, Vasey P, Vojtĕsek B and Kaye SB: Increased accumulation of p53 protein in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cell lines. Int J Cancer. 55:678–684. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Lahiry L, Saha B, Chakraborty J, Bhattacharyya S, Chattopadhyay S, Banerjee S, Choudhuri T, Mandal D, Bhattacharyya A, Sa G, et al: Contribution of p53-mediated Bax transactivation in theaflavin-induced mammary epithelial carcinoma cell apoptosis. Apoptosis. 13:771–781. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Kalra N, Seth K, Prasad S, Singh M, Pant AB and Shukla Y: Theaflavins induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells is mediated through induction of p53, down-regulation of NF-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. Life Sci. 80:2137–2146. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Innocente SA, Abrahamson JL, Cogswell JP and Lee JM: p53 regulates a G2 checkpoint through cyclin B1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:2147–2152. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Mabuchi S, Kuroda H, Takahashi R and Sasano T: The PI3K/ AKT/mTOR pathway as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 137:173–179. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Kim CW, Lu JN, Go SI, Jung JH, Yi SM, Jeong JH, Hah YS, Han MS, Park JW, Lee WS, et al: p53 restoration can overcome cisplatin resistance through inhibition of Akt as well as induction of Bax. Int J Oncol. 43:1495–1502. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tu Y, Kim E, Gao Y, Rankin GO, Li B and Chen YC: Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells. Int J Oncol 48: 2657-2665, 2016.
APA
Tu, Y., Kim, E., Gao, Y., Rankin, G.O., Li, B., & Chen, Y.C. (2016). Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells. International Journal of Oncology, 48, 2657-2665. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3472
MLA
Tu, Y., Kim, E., Gao, Y., Rankin, G. O., Li, B., Chen, Y. C."Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells". International Journal of Oncology 48.6 (2016): 2657-2665.
Chicago
Tu, Y., Kim, E., Gao, Y., Rankin, G. O., Li, B., Chen, Y. C."Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells". International Journal of Oncology 48, no. 6 (2016): 2657-2665. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3472
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tu Y, Kim E, Gao Y, Rankin GO, Li B and Chen YC: Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells. Int J Oncol 48: 2657-2665, 2016.
APA
Tu, Y., Kim, E., Gao, Y., Rankin, G.O., Li, B., & Chen, Y.C. (2016). Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells. International Journal of Oncology, 48, 2657-2665. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3472
MLA
Tu, Y., Kim, E., Gao, Y., Rankin, G. O., Li, B., Chen, Y. C."Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells". International Journal of Oncology 48.6 (2016): 2657-2665.
Chicago
Tu, Y., Kim, E., Gao, Y., Rankin, G. O., Li, B., Chen, Y. C."Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells". International Journal of Oncology 48, no. 6 (2016): 2657-2665. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3472
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team