Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 49 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 49 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

An α-quaternary chiral latam derivative, YH-304 as a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent

  • Authors:
    • Su Jung Hwang
    • Hyeung-Geun Park
    • Yohan Park
    • Hyo-Jong Lee
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Republic of Korea, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 2480-2486
    |
    Published online on: October 11, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3726
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Previously, we reported that α-quaternary chiral lactam derivatives have broad spectrum anticancer activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and its relevance are largely unknown. In the present study, we report progress on α-quaternary chiral lactam analogues that address this, focusing on the novel analogue YH-304 as a candidate to broadly target human cancer cells. The effect of YH-304 on cell transformation was assessed by clonogenic assay in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs) A549 and 226B. Proapoptotic activity of YH-304 was determined by TUNEL assay and cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-9, and Bax as markers for apoptosis. The p53-dependency and therapeutic spectrum of YH-304 was assessed by western blot analysis, real-time PCR, and cell viability assays in cells expressing endogenous wild or mutant p53. The effect of YH-304 on angiogenesis in vivo was examined by bFGF-mediated angiogenesis assay in zebrafish. Finally, the effect of YH-304 on AKT and ERK activation (phosphorylation) as a putative mechanism underlying the effect of YH-304 on bFGF-mediated angiogenesis was assessed using western blotting. We found that YH-304 significantly decreases the colony-forming activities of both A549 and 226B cells, inducing cellular apoptosis. Unlike nutlin-3 (p53 pathway activator), YH-304 did not affect the expression levels of p53 and its target gene such as p21 and thus showed p53-independent anticancer activity with broad spectrum. In addition, YH-304 inhibited bFGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo through mediating AKT and ERK signaling pathway, which plays an important role in bFGF activation and angiogenesis. Taken together, our data indicate that YH-304 may represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer in a p53-independent manner.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Chen L, Yang J, Zheng M, Kong X, Huang T and Cai YD: The use of chemical-chemical interaction and chemical structure to identify new candidate chemicals related to lung cancer. PLoS One. 10:e01286962015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Lee H, Hwang SJ, Jung J, Hong S, Lee M, Park HG, Lee HJ and Park Y: Asymmetric synthesis and evaluation of α-quaternary chiral lactam derivatives as novel anticancer agents. Arch Pharm Res. 37:1264–1270. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Murray T and Thun MJ: Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin. 58:71–96. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Galliford CV and Scheidt KA: Pyrrolidinyl-spirooxindole natural products as inspirations for the development of potential therapeutic agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 46:8748–8758. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chen G, Weng Q, Fu L, Wang Z, Yu P, Liu Z, Li X, Zhang H and Liang G: Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel oxindole-based RTK inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem. 22:6953–6960. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Natarajan A, Guo Y, Harbinski F, Fan YH, Chen H, Luus L, Diercks J, Aktas H, Chorev M and Halperin JA: Novel arylsulfoanilide-oxindole hybrid as an anticancer agent that inhibits translation initiation. J Med Chem. 47:4979–4982. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Silva BV, Ribeiro NM, Vargas MD, Lanznaster M, Carneiro JW, Krogh R, Andricopulo AD, Dias LC and Pinto AC: Synthesis, electrochemical studies and anticancer activity of ferrocenyl oxindoles. Dalton Trans. 39:7338–7344. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kamal A, Ramakrishna G, Raju P, Rao AV, Viswanath A, Nayak VL and Ramakrishna S: Synthesis and anticancer activity of oxindole derived imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazines. Eur J Med Chem. 46:2427–2435. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Cui CB, Kakeya H and Osada H: Spirotryprostatin B, a novel mammalian cell cycle inhibitor produced by Aspergillus fumigatus. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 49:832–835. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Papaetis GS and Syrigos KN: Sunitinib: A multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the era of molecular cancer therapies. BioDrugs. 23:377–389. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wang WL, Conley A, Reynoso D, Nolden L, Lazar AJ, George S and Trent JC: Mechanisms of resistance to imatinib and sunitinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 67(Suppl 1): S15–S24. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Kussie PH, Gorina S, Marechal V, Elenbaas B, Moreau J, Levine AJ and Pavletich NP: Structure of the MDM2 oncoprotein bound to the p53 tumor suppressor transactivation domain. Science. 274:948–953. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Ding K, Lu Y, Nikolovska-Coleska Z, Qiu S, Ding Y, Gao W, Stuckey J, Krajewski K, Roller PP, Tomita Y, et al: Structure-based design of potent non-peptide MDM2 inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc. 127:10130–10131. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Ding K, Lu Y, Nikolovska-Coleska Z, Wang G, Qiu S, Shangary S, Gao W, Qin D, Stuckey J, Krajewski K, et al: Structure-based design of spiro-oxindoles as potent, specific small-molecule inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction. J Med Chem. 49:3432–3435. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Park Y, Lee YJ, Hong S, Lee M and Park HG: Highly enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-isonitramine. Org Lett. 14:852–854. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Reed SM and Quelle DE: p53 Acetylation: Regulation and consequences. Cancers (Basel). 7:30–69. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Melvin AT, Dumberger LD, Woss GS, Waters ML and Allbritton NL: Identification of a p53-based portable degron based on the MDM2-p53 binding region. Analyst (Lond). 141:570–578. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Huang KY, Weng JT, Lee TY and Weng SL: A new scheme to discover functional associations and regulatory networks of E3 ubiquitin ligases. BMC Syst Biol. 10(Suppl 1): 32016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Richmond J, Carol H, Evans K, High L, Mendomo A, Robbins A, Meyer C, Venn NC, Marschalek R, Henderson M, et al: Effective targeting of the P53-MDM2 axis in preclinical models of infant MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 21:1395–1405. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Saiki AY, Caenepeel S, Cosgrove E, Su C, Boedigheimer M and Oliner JD: Identifying the determinants of response to MDM2 inhibition. Oncotarget. 6:7701–7712. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Deben C, Wouters A, Op de Beeck K, van Den Bossche J, Jacobs J, Zwaenepoel K, Peeters M, Van Meerbeeck J, Lardon F, Rolfo C, et al: The MDM2-inhibitor Nutlin-3 synergizes with cisplatin to induce p53 dependent tumor cell apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 6:22666–22679. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zanjirband M, Edmondson RJ and Lunec J: Pre-clinical efficacy and synergistic potential of the MDM2-p53 antagonists, Nutlin-3 and RG7388, as single agents and in combined treatment with cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget. May 20–2016.(Epub ahead of print). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Michaelis M, Rothweiler F, Barth S, Cinatl J, van Rikxoort M, Löschmann N, Voges Y, Breitling R, von Deimling A, Rödel F, et al: Adaptation of cancer cells from different entities to the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin-3 results in the emergence of p53-mutated multi-drug-resistant cancer cells. Cell Death Dis. 2:e2432011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Rennekamp AJ and Peterson RT: 15 years of zebrafish chemical screening. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 24:58–70. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Sun Y, Sheng Z, Ma C, Tang K, Zhu R, Wu Z, Shen R, Feng J, Wu D, Huang D, et al: Combining genomic and network characteristics for extended capability in predicting synergistic drugs for cancer. Nat Commun. 6:84812015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Liu Z and Liu F: Cautious use of fli1a:EGFP transgenic zebrafish in vascular research. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 427:223–226. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Barriuso J, Nagaraju R and Hurlstone A: Zebrafish: A new companion for translational research in oncology. Clin Cancer Res. 21:969–975. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Eden CJ, Ju B, Murugesan M, Phoenix TN, Nimmervoll B, Tong Y, Ellison DW, Finkelstein D, Wright K, Boulos N, et al: Orthotopic models of pediatric brain tumors in zebrafish. Oncogene. 34:1736–1742. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Gonçalves AS, Macedo AS and Souto EB: Therapeutic nanosystems for oncology nanomedicine. Clin Transl Oncol. 14:883–890. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Yin Q, Shen J, Zhang Z, Yu H, Chen L, Gu W and Li Y: Multi-functional nanoparticles improve therapeutic effect for breast cancer by simultaneously antagonizing multiple mechanisms of multidrug resistance. Biomacromolecules. 14:2242–2252. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Ribeiro CJ, Amaral JD, Rodrigues CM, Moreira R and Santos MM: Synthesis and evaluation of spiroisoxazoline oxindoles as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem. 22:577–584. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Shangary S, Ding K, Qiu S, Nikolovska-Coleska Z, Bauer JA, Liu M, Wang G, Lu Y, McEachern D, Bernard D, et al: Reactivation of p53 by a specific MDM2 antagonist (MI-43) leads to p21-mediated cell cycle arrest and selective cell death in colon cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:1533–1542. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Jensen BS: BMS-204352: A potassium channel opener developed for the treatment of stroke. CNS Drug Rev. 8:353–360. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Chen G, Jiang L, Dong L, Wang Z, Xu F, Ding T, Fu L, Fang Q, Liu Z, Shan X, et al: Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indole-2-one and 7-aza-2-oxindole derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. Drug Des Devel Ther. 8:1869–1892. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Sun Y, Liu J, Jiang X, Sun T, Liu L, Zhang X, Ding S, Li J, Zhuang Y, Wang Y, et al: One-step synthesis of chiral oxindole-type analogues with potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Sci Rep. 5:136992015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Ho HK, Chua BT, Wong W, Lim KS, Teo V, Ong HT, Chen X, Zhang W, Hui KM, Go ML, et al: Benzylidene-indolinones are effective as multi-targeted kinase inhibitor therapeutics against hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Oncol. 8:1266–1277. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Izzedine H, Buhaescu I, Rixe O and Deray G: Sunitinib malate. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 60:357–364. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Engeland K: Simplify p53: Just an activator. Oncotarget. 6:3–4. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Koshino A, Goto-Koshino Y, Setoguchi A, Ohno K and Tsujimoto H: Mutation of p53 gene and its correlation with the clinical outcome in dogs with lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med. 30:223–229. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar :

40 

Hellesøy M and Lorens JB: Cellular context-mediated Akt dynamics regulates MAP kinase signaling thresholds during angiogenesis. Mol Biol Cell. 26:2698–2711. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Huang JJ, Shi YQ, Li RL, Hu A, Lu ZY, Weng L, Wang SQ, Han YP, Zhang L, Li B, et al: Angiogenesis effect of therapeutic ultrasound on HUVECs through activation of the PI3K-Akt-eNOS signal pathway. Am J Transl Res. 7:1106–1115. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hwang SJ, Park H, Park Y and Lee H: An α-quaternary chiral latam derivative, YH-304 as a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent. Int J Oncol 49: 2480-2486, 2016.
APA
Hwang, S.J., Park, H., Park, Y., & Lee, H. (2016). An α-quaternary chiral latam derivative, YH-304 as a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent. International Journal of Oncology, 49, 2480-2486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3726
MLA
Hwang, S. J., Park, H., Park, Y., Lee, H."An α-quaternary chiral latam derivative, YH-304 as a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent". International Journal of Oncology 49.6 (2016): 2480-2486.
Chicago
Hwang, S. J., Park, H., Park, Y., Lee, H."An α-quaternary chiral latam derivative, YH-304 as a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent". International Journal of Oncology 49, no. 6 (2016): 2480-2486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3726
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hwang SJ, Park H, Park Y and Lee H: An α-quaternary chiral latam derivative, YH-304 as a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent. Int J Oncol 49: 2480-2486, 2016.
APA
Hwang, S.J., Park, H., Park, Y., & Lee, H. (2016). An α-quaternary chiral latam derivative, YH-304 as a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent. International Journal of Oncology, 49, 2480-2486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3726
MLA
Hwang, S. J., Park, H., Park, Y., Lee, H."An α-quaternary chiral latam derivative, YH-304 as a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent". International Journal of Oncology 49.6 (2016): 2480-2486.
Chicago
Hwang, S. J., Park, H., Park, Y., Lee, H."An α-quaternary chiral latam derivative, YH-304 as a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent". International Journal of Oncology 49, no. 6 (2016): 2480-2486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3726
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team