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Article

Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells

  • Authors:
    • Atosa Estekizadeh
    • Natalia Landázur
    • Jiri Bartek
    • Christian Beltoft Brøchner
    • Belghis Davoudi
    • Helle Broholm
    • Mohsen Karimi
    • Tomas J. Ekström
    • Afsar Rahbar
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
  • Pages: 1317-1327
    |
    Published online on: February 26, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4286
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Abstract

Among all brain tumors diagnosed in children, medulloblastomas (MBs) are associated with a poor prognosis. The etiology of MB is not fully understood, yet the impact of epigenetic alterations of oncogenes has previously been established. During the past decade, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in several types of cancer, including MB. Since DNA methylation occurs in the cell nucleus and this is considered a host defence response, we studied the impact of HCMV infection on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT‑1) in MB (D324) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as in MB tissue sections. We hypothesized that infection and DNMT‑1 intracellular localization are linked. Uninfected and HCMV‑infected D324 cells and HUVECs were analyzed for HCMV immediate early (HCMV‑IE) protein, HCMV‑glycoprotein B (HCMV‑gB) and DNMT‑1 using immunofluorescence staining and quantitative ELISA. DNMT‑1 localized to the nucleus of uninfected and HCMV‑IE- expressing D324 cells and HUVECs, but accumulated in the extra nuclear space in all HCMV‑gB-positive cells. Inhibition of HCMV late protein expression by Cymevene® (ganciclovir) prevented the cytoplasmic localization of DNMT‑1. Treatment of HCMV‑ infected D324 cells and HUVECs with the methylation inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5AZA), significantly increased HCMV‑IE and HCMV‑gB gene transcription and protein expression. Immunohistochemical staining of DNMT‑1 and HCMV proteins in MB cancer tissue sections revealed both nuclear and cytoplasmic DNMT‑1 localization. In conclusion, DNMT‑1 resides in the cytoplasm of HCMV‑gB-expressing HUVECs and D324 cells. Increased viral protein synthesis in 5AZA-treated cells suggests that HCMV replication may benefit from a DNA methyltransferase-free cellular environment. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessing potential viral activation in the treatment of MB patients with epigenetic drugs.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Estekizadeh A, Landázur N, Bartek J, Beltoft Brøchner C, Davoudi B, Broholm H, Karimi M, Ekström TJ and Rahbar A: Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells. Int J Oncol 52: 1317-1327, 2018.
APA
Estekizadeh, A., Landázur, N., Bartek , J., Beltoft Brøchner, C., Davoudi, B., Broholm, H. ... Rahbar, A. (2018). Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells. International Journal of Oncology, 52, 1317-1327. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4286
MLA
Estekizadeh, A., Landázur, N., Bartek , J., Beltoft Brøchner, C., Davoudi, B., Broholm, H., Karimi, M., Ekström, T. J., Rahbar, A."Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells". International Journal of Oncology 52.4 (2018): 1317-1327.
Chicago
Estekizadeh, A., Landázur, N., Bartek , J., Beltoft Brøchner, C., Davoudi, B., Broholm, H., Karimi, M., Ekström, T. J., Rahbar, A."Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells". International Journal of Oncology 52, no. 4 (2018): 1317-1327. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4286
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Estekizadeh A, Landázur N, Bartek J, Beltoft Brøchner C, Davoudi B, Broholm H, Karimi M, Ekström TJ and Rahbar A: Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells. Int J Oncol 52: 1317-1327, 2018.
APA
Estekizadeh, A., Landázur, N., Bartek , J., Beltoft Brøchner, C., Davoudi, B., Broholm, H. ... Rahbar, A. (2018). Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells. International Journal of Oncology, 52, 1317-1327. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4286
MLA
Estekizadeh, A., Landázur, N., Bartek , J., Beltoft Brøchner, C., Davoudi, B., Broholm, H., Karimi, M., Ekström, T. J., Rahbar, A."Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells". International Journal of Oncology 52.4 (2018): 1317-1327.
Chicago
Estekizadeh, A., Landázur, N., Bartek , J., Beltoft Brøchner, C., Davoudi, B., Broholm, H., Karimi, M., Ekström, T. J., Rahbar, A."Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells". International Journal of Oncology 52, no. 4 (2018): 1317-1327. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4286
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