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Autophagy inhibition enhances radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway

  • Authors:
    • Hua Tao
    • Pudong Qian
    • Jincheng Lu
    • Yesong Guo
    • Huanfeng Zhu
    • Feijiang Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Tao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1853-1862
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    Published online on: March 29, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4349
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Abstract

Autophagy inhibition is crucial for the improvement of the efficacy of radiotherapy in cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential therapeutic value of autophagy and its correlation with mitochondria in human esophageal carcinoma cells following treatment with ionizing radiation (IR). Autophagy in Eca‑109 cells was induced under poor nutrient conditions. The formation of autophagic vacuoles was monitored using electron microscopy. In addition, cell apoptosis after IR and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry. LC3, beclin‑1, cytochrome c and apoptosis-related proteins were assayed by western blotting. A nude mouse xenograft model was also employed to verify the biological effects and mechanisms underlying autophagy in vivo. The formed autophagic vesicles and increased LC3 II/LC3 I ratio indicated marked induction of autophagy by Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) in Eca‑109 cells. 3‑Methyladenine or LY294002 significantly antagonized EBSS-induced autophagy and increased apoptosis of irradiated cells, suggesting that autophagy inhibition conferred radiosensitivity in vitro. Notably, IR induced prominent release of cytochrome c and Bax activation, and decreased Bcl-2 and MMP expression in Eca‑109 cells under poor nutrient conditions. Of note, these changes were more prominent following pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors. In vivo, IR treatment mildly delayed tumor growth, but the radiotherapeutic effect was improved significantly by abolishing autophagy. Furthermore, mitochondrial signaling was investigated in the Eca‑109 xenograft nude mice model, and the results were consistent with the in vitro study. Therefore, the mitochondrial pathway may be associated with improvement of radiosensitivity in Eca‑109 cells.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tao H, Qian P, Lu J, Guo Y, Zhu H and Wang F: Autophagy inhibition enhances radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Int J Oncol 52: 1853-1862, 2018.
APA
Tao, H., Qian, P., Lu, J., Guo, Y., Zhu, H., & Wang, F. (2018). Autophagy inhibition enhances radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. International Journal of Oncology, 52, 1853-1862. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4349
MLA
Tao, H., Qian, P., Lu, J., Guo, Y., Zhu, H., Wang, F."Autophagy inhibition enhances radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway". International Journal of Oncology 52.6 (2018): 1853-1862.
Chicago
Tao, H., Qian, P., Lu, J., Guo, Y., Zhu, H., Wang, F."Autophagy inhibition enhances radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway". International Journal of Oncology 52, no. 6 (2018): 1853-1862. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4349
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tao H, Qian P, Lu J, Guo Y, Zhu H and Wang F: Autophagy inhibition enhances radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Int J Oncol 52: 1853-1862, 2018.
APA
Tao, H., Qian, P., Lu, J., Guo, Y., Zhu, H., & Wang, F. (2018). Autophagy inhibition enhances radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. International Journal of Oncology, 52, 1853-1862. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4349
MLA
Tao, H., Qian, P., Lu, J., Guo, Y., Zhu, H., Wang, F."Autophagy inhibition enhances radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway". International Journal of Oncology 52.6 (2018): 1853-1862.
Chicago
Tao, H., Qian, P., Lu, J., Guo, Y., Zhu, H., Wang, F."Autophagy inhibition enhances radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway". International Journal of Oncology 52, no. 6 (2018): 1853-1862. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4349
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