Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
September-2018 Volume 53 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2018 Volume 53 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

BECN1-knockout impairs tumor growth, migration and invasion by suppressing the cell cycle and partially suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human triple-negative breast cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Cheng-Lin Wu
    • Shi‑Meng Zhang
    • Li Lin
    • Shan-Shan Gao
    • Kai-Fei Fu
    • Xiao-Dan Liu
    • Yan Liu
    • Li-Jun Zhou
    • Ping-Kun Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China, Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1301-1312
    |
    Published online on: July 5, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4472
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Beclin1 (BECN1), which directly interacts with B‑cell lymphoma 2, serves an important role in autophagy and is involved in the tumorigenesis of various types of cancer. However, the definite role of BECN1 in breast cancer remains controversial. Bi-allelic knockout of Becn1 in a mouse model leads to an embryonic lethal phenotype, which hampers further investigation. To generate cell lines with knockout of BECN1, the CRISPR/Cas9 technique was used to disrupt BECN1 in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA‑MB‑231 cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to successfully disrupt BECN1 in MDA‑MB‑231 cells and to screen three stable monoclonal BECN1‑knockout cell lines, suggesting that BECN1‑knockout is not lethal in TNBC cells. Functional analysis revealed that complete loss of BECN1 suppressed MDA‑MB‑231 proliferation and colony formation via inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, not apoptosis, in vitro. On the other hand, BECN1‑knockout inhibited the migratory and invasive ability of MDA‑MB‑231 cells by partially reversing signals of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Finally, analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets revealed increased expression of BECN1 in TNBC samples. Taken together, the results of the present study identified BECN1 as an oncogene, providing a novel potential target for the treatment of TNBC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Liang XH, Kleeman LK, Jiang HH, Gordon G, Goldman JE, Berry G, Herman B and Levine B: Protection against fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis by beclin, a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein. J Virol. 72:8586–8596. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kang R, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT and Tang D: The Beclin 1 network regulates autophagy and apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 18:571–580. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Funderburk SF, Wang QJ and Yue Z: The Beclin 1-VPS34 complex–at the crossroads of autophagy and beyond. Trends Cell Biol. 20:355–362. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Russell RC, Tian Y, Yuan H, Park HW, Chang YY, Kim J, Kim H, Neufeld TP, Dillin A and Guan KL: ULK1 induces autophagy by phosphorylating Beclin-1 and activating VPS34 lipid kinase. Nat Cell Biol. 15:741–750. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Wang RC, Wei Y, An Z, Zou Z, Xiao G, Bhagat G, White M, Reichelt J and Levine B: Akt-mediated regulation of autophagy and tumorigenesis through Beclin 1 phosphorylation. Science. 338:956–959. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Aita VM, Liang XH, Murty VV, Pincus DL, Yu W, Cayanis E, Kalachikov S, Gilliam TC and Levine B: Cloning and genomic organization of beclin 1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17q21. Genomics. 59:59–65. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Liang XH, Jackson S, Seaman M, Brown K, Kempkes B, Hibshoosh H and Levine B: Induction of autophagy and inhibition of tumorigenesis by beclin 1. Nature. 402:672–676. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Qu X, Yu J, Bhagat G, Furuya N, Hibshoosh H, Troxel A, Rosen J, Eskelinen EL, Mizushima N, Ohsumi Y, et al: Promotion of tumorigenesis by heterozygous disruption of the beclin 1 autophagy gene. J Clin Invest. 112:1809–1820. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Yue Z, Jin S, Yang C, Levine AJ and Heintz N: Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:15077–15082. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

He Y, Zhao X, Subahan NR, Fan L, Gao J and Chen H: The prognostic value of autophagy-related markers beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B in cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol. 35:7317–7326. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Cicchini M, Chakrabarti R, Kongara S, Price S, Nahar R, Lozy F, Zhong H, Vazquez A, Kang Y and Karantza V: Autophagy regulator BECN1 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis driven by WNT1 activation and following parity. Autophagy. 10:2036–2052. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Lozy F, Cai-McRae X, Teplova I, Price S, Reddy A, Bhanot G, Ganesan S, Vazquez A and Karantza V: ERBB2 overexpression suppresses stress-induced autophagy and renders ERBB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis independent of monoallelic Becn1 loss. Autophagy. 10:662–676. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Huo Y, Cai H, Teplova I, Bowman-Colin C, Chen G, Price S, Barnard N, Ganesan S, Karantza V, White E, et al: Autophagy opposes p53-mediated tumor barrier to facilitate tumorigenesis in a model of PALB2-associated hereditary breast cancer. Cancer Discov. 3:894–907. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Gong C, Bauvy C, Tonelli G, Yue W, Delomenie C, Nicolas V, Zhu Y, Domergue V, Marin-Esteban V, Tharinger H, et al: Beclin 1 and autophagy are required for the tumorigenicity of breast cancer stem-like/progenitor cells. Oncogene. 32:2261–2272. 2272e 2261–2211. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar :

15 

Cong L, Ran FA, Cox D, Lin S, Barretto R, Habib N, Hsu PD, Wu X, Jiang W, Marraffini LA, et al: Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems. Science. 339:819–823. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wright AV, Nuñez JK and Doudna JA: Biology and applications of CRISPR Systems: Harnessing nature's toolbox for genome engineering. Cell. 164:29–44. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sánchez-Rivera FJ and Jacks T: Applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in cancer biology. Nat Rev Cancer. 15:387–395. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Shalem O, Sanjana NE and Zhang F: High-throughput functional genomics using CRISPR-Cas9. Nat Rev Genet. 16:299–311. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Lehmann BD, Jovanović B, Chen X, Estrada MV, Johnson KN, Shyr Y, Moses HL, Sanders ME and Pietenpol JA: Refinement of triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtypes: Implications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy selection. PLoS One. 11:e01573682016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Maire V, Némati F, Richardson M, Vincent-Salomon A, Tesson B, Rigaill G, Gravier E, Marty-Prouvost B, De Koning L, Lang G, et al: Polo-like kinase 1: A potential therapeutic option in combination with conventional chemotherapy for the management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res. 73:813–823. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Franken NA, Rodermond HM, Stap J, Haveman J and van Bree C: Clonogenic assay of cells in vitro. Nat Protoc. 1:2315–2319. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Maycotte P, Gearheart CM, Barnard R, Aryal S, Mulcahy Levy JM, Fosmire SP, Hansen RJ, Morgan MJ, Porter CC, Gustafson DL, et al: STAT3-mediated autophagy dependence identifies subtypes of breast cancer where autophagy inhibition can be efficacious. Cancer Res. 74:2579–2590. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Mariño G, Niso-Santano M, Baehrecke EH and Kroemer G: Self-consumption: The interplay of autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15:81–94. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Wang MC, Wu AG, Huang YZ, Shao GL, Ji SF, Wang RW, Yuan HJ, Fan XL, Zheng LH and Jiao QL: Autophagic regulation of cell growth by altered expression of Beclin 1 in triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:7049–7058. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sun WL, Chen J, Wang YP and Zheng H: Autophagy protects breast cancer cells from epirubicin-induced apoptosis and facilitates epirubicin-resistance development. Autophagy. 7:1035–1044. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Qadir MA, Kwok B, Dragowska WH, To KH, Le D, Bally MB and Gorski SM: Macroautophagy inhibition sensitizes tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells and enhances mitochondrial depolarization. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 112:389–403. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Gu Y, Chen T, Li G, Xu C, Xu Z, Zhang J, He K, Zheng L, Guan Z, Su X, et al: Lower Beclin 1 downregulates HER2 expression to enhance tamoxifen sensitivity and predicts a favorable outcome for ER positive breast cancer. Oncotarget. 8:52156–52177. 2016.

29 

Han J, Hou W, Lu C, Goldstein LA, Stolz DB, Watkins SC and Rabinowich H: Interaction between Her2 and Beclin-1 proteins underlies a new mechanism of reciprocal regulation. J Biol Chem. 288:20315–20325. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Kohrman AQ and Matus DQ: Divide or conquer: Cell cycle regulation of invasive behavior. Trends Cell Biol. 27:12–25. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Malumbres M and Barbacid M: Cell cycle, CDKs and cancer: A changing paradigm. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:153–166. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Li Z, Ji X, Wang D, Liu J and Zhang X: Autophagic flux is highly active in early mitosis and differentially regulated throughout the cell cycle. Oncotarget. 7:39705–39718. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Frémont S, Gérard A, Galloux M, Janvier K, Karess RE and Berlioz-Torrent C: Beclin-1 is required for chromosome congression and proper outer kinetochore assembly. EMBO Rep. 14:364–372. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Park JM, Tougeron D, Huang S, Okamoto K and Sinicrope FA: Beclin 1 and UVRAG confer protection from radiation-induced DNA damage and maintain centrosome stability in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One. 9:e1008192014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell. 144:646–674. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Jiang JH, Liu C, Cheng H, Lu Y, Qin Y, Xu YF, Xu J, Long J, Liu L, Ni QX, et al: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer: Is it a clinically significant factor. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1855:43–49. 2015.

37 

Gumbiner BM: Cell adhesion: The molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis. Cell. 84:345–357. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Peng Z, Wang CX, Fang EH, Wang GB and Tong Q: Role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer initiation and progression. World J Gastroenterol. 20:5403–5410. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Liu CY, Lin HH, Tang MJ and Wang YK: Vimentin contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer cell mechanics by mediating cytoskeletal organization and focal adhesion maturation. Oncotarget. 6:15966–15983. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Fukagawa A, Ishii H, Miyazawa K and Saitoh M: δEF1 associates with DNMT1 and maintains DNA methylation of the E-cadherin promoter in breast cancer cells. Cancer Med. 4:125–135. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Satelli A and Li S: Vimentin in cancer and its potential as a molecular target for cancer therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci. 68:3033–3046. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Ding L, Lu Z, Lu Q and Chen YH: The claudin family of proteins in human malignancy: A clinical perspective. Cancer Manag Res. 5:367–375. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Ma F, Ding X, Fan Y, Ying J, Zheng S, Lu N and Xu B: A CLDN1-negative phenotype predicts poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One. 9:e1127652014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Zhao X, Zou Y, Gu Q, Zhao G, Gray H, Pfeffer LM and Yue J: Lentiviral vector mediated Claudin1 silencing inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. Viruses. 7:2965–2979. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Martínez-Estrada OM, Cullerés A, Soriano FX, Peinado H, Bolós V, Martínez FO, Reina M, Cano A, Fabre M and Vilaró S: The transcription factors Slug and Snail act as repressors of Claudin-1 expression in epithelial cells. Biochem J. 394:449–457. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar :

46 

Li Z, Chen B, Wu Y, Jin F, Xia Y and Liu X: Genetic and epigenetic silencing of the beclin 1 gene in sporadic breast tumors. BMC Cancer. 10:982010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Yao Q, Chen J, Lv Y, Wang T, Zhang J, Fan J and Wang L: The significance of expression of autophagy-related gene Beclin, Bcl-2, and Bax in breast cancer tissues. Tumour Biol. 32:1163–1171. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Laddha SV, Ganesan S, Chan CS and White E: Mutational landscape of the essential autophagy gene BECN1 in human cancers. Mol Cancer Res. 12:485–490. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Correa RJ, Valdes YR, Shepherd TG and DiMattia GE: Beclin-1 expression is retained in high-grade serous ovarian cancer yet is not essential for autophagy induction in vitro. J Ovarian Res. 8:522015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Zhao Y, Chen S, Gou WF, Xiao LJ, Takano Y and Zheng HC: Aberrant Beclin 1 expression is closely linked to carcinogenesis, differentiation, progression, and prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma. Tumour Biol. 35:1955–1964. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Shen Y, Li DD, Wang LL, Deng R and Zhu XF: Decreased expression of autophagy-related proteins in malignant epithelial ovarian cancer. Autophagy. 4:1067–1068. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Yu M, Gou WF, Zhao S, Xiao LJ, Mao XY, Xing YN, Takahashi H, Takano Y and Zheng HC: Beclin 1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for gastric carcinomas. Tumour Biol. 34:1071–1083. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Yu S, Li G, Wang Z, Wang Z, Chen C, Cai S and He Y: Low expression of MAP1LC3B, associated with low Beclin-1, predicts lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Tumour Biol. 37:15007–15017. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Fei B, Ji F, Chen X, Liu Z, Li S, Mo Z and Fang X: Expression and clinical significance of Beclin-1 in gastric cancer tissues of various clinical stages. Oncol Lett. 11:2271–2277. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Song H, Xia SL, Liao C, Li YL, Wang YF, Li TP and Zhao MJ: Genes encoding Pir51, Beclin 1, RbAp48 and aldolase b are up or down-regulated in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 10:509–513. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Al-Shenawy HA: Expression of Beclin-1, an autophagy-related marker, in chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation with apoptotic markers. APMIS. 124:229–237. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu C, Zhang SM, Lin L, Gao S, Fu K, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhou L and Zhou P: BECN1-knockout impairs tumor growth, migration and invasion by suppressing the cell cycle and partially suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 53: 1301-1312, 2018.
APA
Wu, C., Zhang, S., Lin, L., Gao, S., Fu, K., Liu, X. ... Zhou, P. (2018). BECN1-knockout impairs tumor growth, migration and invasion by suppressing the cell cycle and partially suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human triple-negative breast cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 53, 1301-1312. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4472
MLA
Wu, C., Zhang, S., Lin, L., Gao, S., Fu, K., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Zhou, L., Zhou, P."BECN1-knockout impairs tumor growth, migration and invasion by suppressing the cell cycle and partially suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human triple-negative breast cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 53.3 (2018): 1301-1312.
Chicago
Wu, C., Zhang, S., Lin, L., Gao, S., Fu, K., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Zhou, L., Zhou, P."BECN1-knockout impairs tumor growth, migration and invasion by suppressing the cell cycle and partially suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human triple-negative breast cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 53, no. 3 (2018): 1301-1312. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4472
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu C, Zhang SM, Lin L, Gao S, Fu K, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhou L and Zhou P: BECN1-knockout impairs tumor growth, migration and invasion by suppressing the cell cycle and partially suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 53: 1301-1312, 2018.
APA
Wu, C., Zhang, S., Lin, L., Gao, S., Fu, K., Liu, X. ... Zhou, P. (2018). BECN1-knockout impairs tumor growth, migration and invasion by suppressing the cell cycle and partially suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human triple-negative breast cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 53, 1301-1312. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4472
MLA
Wu, C., Zhang, S., Lin, L., Gao, S., Fu, K., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Zhou, L., Zhou, P."BECN1-knockout impairs tumor growth, migration and invasion by suppressing the cell cycle and partially suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human triple-negative breast cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 53.3 (2018): 1301-1312.
Chicago
Wu, C., Zhang, S., Lin, L., Gao, S., Fu, K., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Zhou, L., Zhou, P."BECN1-knockout impairs tumor growth, migration and invasion by suppressing the cell cycle and partially suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human triple-negative breast cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 53, no. 3 (2018): 1301-1312. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4472
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team