Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
November-2018 Volume 53 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2018 Volume 53 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Induction of apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by Aster incisus in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Daniel Ngabire
    • Yeong-Ae Seong
    • Maheshkumar Prakash Patil
    • Irvine Niyonizigiye
    • Yong Bae Seo
    • Gun-Do Kim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 45813, Republic of Korea, Institute of Marine Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 45813, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 2300-2308
    |
    Published online on: August 30, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4547
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

In recent decades, various bioactive compounds from plants have been investigated for their potential use in the treatment of diseases in humans. Aster incisus extract (AIE) is the extract of a common plant that is mostly found in Asia. It has traditionally been used for medicinal purposes in South Korea. In this study, we evaluated the potential anticancer effects of a methanolic extract of Aster incisus in a normal human cell line (HaCaT keratinocytes) and in 4 different types of human cancer cell lines (A549, lung cancer; Hep3B, liver cancer; MDA‑MB‑231, breast cancer; and AGS, gastric cancer). The HaCaT, A549, Hep3B, MDA‑MB‑231 and AGS cells were treated with various concentrations of AIE and following treatment, cell survival was evaluated. Additional analyses, such as WST-1 assay, western blot analysis, DAPI staining, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining and wound healing assay were performed to elucidate the mechanisms and pathways involved in the cell death induced by AIE. Treatment with AIE induced morphological changes and considerably reduced the viability of the both normal and cancer cell lines. Further analysis of the AGS gastric cancer cells revealed that AIE led to the induction of apoptosis and a high accumulation of cells in the G1 cell phase following treatment with AIE in a dose-dependent manner. The results also revealed that AIE successfully suppressed the migration of the AIE-treated AGS cells. The results of western blot analysis indicated that AIE increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, particularly Bid, Bad, Bak, cytochrome c, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), cleaved caspase‑3, -8 and -9 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Additionally, AIE decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that AIE induces apoptosis through the activation of the caspase‑dependent pathway mediated by the mitochondrial pathway and by arresting the cell cycle in AGS cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Oh CM, Won YJ, Jung KW, Kong HJ, Cho H, Lee JK, Lee DH and Lee KH; Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries: Cancer statistics in Korea: Incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2013. Cancer Res Treat. 48:436–450. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Jung KW, Won YJ, Kong HJ and Lee ES; Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries: Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2015. Cancer Res Treat. 50:303–316. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

World Health Organization: 2013, WHO traditional medicine strategy. pp. 2014–2023, http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/traditional/trm_strategy14_23/en/. Accessed April 28, 2018.

4 

Ma JK-C, Chikwamba R, Sparrow P, Fischer R, Mahoney R and Twyman RM: Plant-derived pharmaceuticals - the road forward. Trends Plant Sci. 10:580–585. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Padmaja R, Arun PC, Prashanth D, Deepak M, Amit A and Anjana M: Brine shrimp lethality bioassay of selected Indian medicinal plants. Fitoterapia. 73:508–510. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Bais S: A phytopharmacological review on an important medicinal plant: Leea indica. Cancer. 15:162013.

7 

Cragg GM and Newman DJ: Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents. J Ethnopharmacol. 100:72–79. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Mann J: Natural products in cancer chemotherapy: Past, present and future. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:143–148. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J and Pisani P: Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 55:74–108. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin. 64:9–29. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Fock KM: Review article: The epidemiology and prevention of gastric cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 40:250–260. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Satolli MA, Buffoni L, Spadi R and Roato I: Gastric cancer: The times they are a-changin. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 7:303–316. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Yoong J, Michael M and Leong T: Targeted therapies for gastric cancer: Current status. Drugs. 71:1367–1384. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Cravo M, Fidalgo C, Garrido R, Rodrigues T, Luz G, Palmela C, Santos M, Lopes F and Maio R: Towards curative therapy in gastric cancer: Faraway, so close! . World J Gastroenterol. 21:11609–11620. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Davidson M, Okines AF and Starling N: Current and future therapies for advanced gastric cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 14:239–250. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Lee JH, Kim KM, Cheong JH and Noh SH: Current management and future strategies of gastric cancer. Yonsei Med J. 53:248–257. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Cragg GM, Grothaus PG and Newman DJ: Impact of natural products on developing new anti-cancer agents. Chem Rev. 109:3012–3043. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Yin SY, Wei WC, Jian FY and Yang NS: Therapeutic applications of herbal medicines for cancer patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013:3024262013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Bishayee A: Editorial: Current advances in cancer prevention and treatment by natural products. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 13:115–116. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Amin AR, Kucuk O, Khuri FR and Shin DM: Perspectives for cancer prevention with natural compounds. J Clin Oncol. 27:2712–2725. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Nakanishi M, Shimada M and Niida H: Genetic instability in cancer cells by impaired cell cycle checkpoints. Cancer Sci. 97:984–989. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Jin Z and El-Deiry WS: Overview of cell death signaling pathways. Cancer Biol Ther. 4:139–163. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Morgan DO: Principles of CDK regulation. Nature. 374:131–134. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hassan M, Watari H, AbuAlmaaty A, Ohba Y and Sakuragi N: Apoptosis and molecular targeting therapy in cancer. BioMed Res Int. 2014:1508452014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Cory S and Adams JM: The Bcl2 family: Regulators of the cellular life-or-death switch. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:647–656. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Langerak P and Russell P: Regulatory networks integrating cell cycle control with DNA damage checkpoints and double-strand break repair. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 366:3562–3571. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Al-Ejeh F, Kumar R, Wiegmans A, Lakhani SR, Brown MP and Khanna KK: Harnessing the complexity of DNA-damage response pathways to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Oncogene. 29:6085–6098. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Branzei D and Foiani M: Regulation of DNA repair throughout the cell cycle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9:297–308. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Jackson SP and Bartek J: The DNA-damage response in human biology and disease. Nature. 461:1071–1078. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Hu B, Wei-chen Ho, Li X, Ma L, Bai X, Liu Q and Liu B: Aster tataricus attenuates the neuronal cell damage and restores the cognitive functions in epileptic rat. Biomed Res (Aligarh). 28:1189–1194. 2017.

32 

Yao X, Dong X, Zhang H-S, Wang Y and Lan-Yuzhu X-SL: Preventive effect of Aster tataricus on oxidative stress and biomarker of renal function in rat fed with high fat diet and sucrose diet. Biomed Res (Aligarh). 28:1647–1653. 2017.

33 

Zhang HT, Tian M, He QW, Chi N, Xiu CM and Wang YB: Effect of Aster tataricus on production of inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated rat astrocytoma cell line (C6) and THP-1 cells. Saudi Pharm J. 25:370–375. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Wang R, Xiao S and Niu Z: Anti-cancer activity of Aster tataricus on SCC-9 human oral squamous carcinoma. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 14:142–147. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar :

35 

Han MH, Jeong JS, Jeong JW, Choi SH, Kim SO, Hong SH, Park C, Kim BW and Choi YH: Ethanol extracts of Aster yomena (Kitam) Honda inhibit adipogenesis through the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Drug Discov Ther. 11:281–287. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Choi JH, Kim DW, Park SE, Choi BS, Sapkota K, Kim S and Kim SJ: Novel thrombolytic protease from edible and medicinal plant Aster yomena (Kitam) Honda with anticoagulant activity: Purification and partial characterization. J Biosci Bioeng. 118:372–377. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Duarte B, Cabrita MT, Gameiro C, Matos AR, Godinho R, Marques JC and Caçador I: Disentangling the photochemical salinity tolerance in Aster tripolium L.: Connecting biophysical traits with changes in fatty acid composition. Plant Biol Stuttg. 19:239–248. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Kim SJ, Bang CY, Guo YR and Choung SY: Anti-obesity effects of Aster spathulifolius extract in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. J Med Food. 19:353–364. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Kantari C and Walczak H: Caspase-8 and bid: Caught in the act between death receptors and mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1813:558–563. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Brunelle JK and Letai A: Control of mitochondrial apoptosis by the Bcl-2 family. J Cell Sci. 122:437–441. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Parrish AB, Freel CD and Kornbluth S: Cellular mechanisms controlling caspase activation and function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 5:a0086722013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Redza-Dutordoir M and Averill-Bates DA: Activation of apoptosis signalling pathways by reactive oxygen species. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1863:2977–2992. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Kitazumi I and Tsukahara M: Regulation of DNA fragmentation: The role of caspases and phosphorylation. FEBS J. 278:427–441. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Cazal CM, Choosang K, Severino VG, Soares MS, Sarria AL, Fernandes JB, Silva MF, Vieira PC, Pakkong P, Almeida GM, et al: Evaluation of effect of triterpenes and limonoids on cell growth, cell cycle and apoptosis in human tumor cell line. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 10:769–776. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Kastan MB and Bartek J: Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer. Nature. 432:316–323. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Malumbres M and Barbacid M: Cell cycle, CDKs and cancer: A changing paradigm. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:153–166. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Hoshino R, Tanimura S, Watanabe K, Kataoka T and Kohno M: Blockade of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway induces marked G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells in which the pathway is constitutively activated: Up-regulation of p27(Kip1). J Biol Chem. 276:2686–2692. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Chen ZY and Istfan NW: Docosahexaenoic acid, a major constituent of fish oil diets, prevents activation of cyclin-dependent kinases and S-phase entry by serum stimulation in HT-29 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 64:67–73. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Harbour JW and Dean DC: Rb function in cell-cycle regulation and apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol. 2:E65–E67. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Agami R and Bernards R: Distinct initiation and maintenance mechanisms cooperate to induce G1 cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. Cell. 102:55–66. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Petronelli A, Pannitteri G and Testa U: Triterpenoids as new promising anticancer drugs. Anticancer Drugs. 20:880–892. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhou H, Jia G, Liu J, Han B, Cheng Z, Jiang H, Pan S and Sun B: Pristimerin causes G1 arrest, induces apoptosis, and enhances the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One. 7:e438262012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Wu G, Qian Z, Guo J, Hu D, Bao J, Xie J, Xu W, Lu J, Chen X and Wang Y: Ganoderma lucidum extract induces G1 cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Am J Chin Med. 40:631–642. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Il Jung H, Jo MJ, Kim HR, Choi YH and Kim GD: Extract of Saccharina japonica induces apoptosis companied by cell cycle arrest and endoplasmic reticulum stress in SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 15:2993–2999. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Banin S, Moyal L, Shieh S, Taya Y, Anderson CW, Chessa L, Smorodinsky NI, Prives C, Reiss Y, Shiloh Y, et al: Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage. Science. 281:1674–1677. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Reinhardt HC and Schumacher B: The p53 network: Cellular and systemic DNA damage responses in aging and cancer. Trends Genet. 28:128–136. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Qiu P, Guan H, Dong P, Li S, Ho CT, Pan MH, McClements DJ and Xiao H: The p53-, Bax- and p21-dependent inhibition of colon cancer cell growth by 5-hydroxy polymethoxyflavones. Mol Nutr Food Res. 55:613–622. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Bartek J and Lukas J: Chk1 and Chk2 kinases in checkpoint control and cancer. Cancer Cell. 3:421–429. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ngabire D, Seong Y, Patil M, Niyonizigiye I, Seo Y and Kim G: Induction of apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by Aster incisus in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 53: 2300-2308, 2018.
APA
Ngabire, D., Seong, Y., Patil, M., Niyonizigiye, I., Seo, Y., & Kim, G. (2018). Induction of apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by Aster incisus in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells. International Journal of Oncology, 53, 2300-2308. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4547
MLA
Ngabire, D., Seong, Y., Patil, M., Niyonizigiye, I., Seo, Y., Kim, G."Induction of apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by Aster incisus in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells". International Journal of Oncology 53.5 (2018): 2300-2308.
Chicago
Ngabire, D., Seong, Y., Patil, M., Niyonizigiye, I., Seo, Y., Kim, G."Induction of apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by Aster incisus in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells". International Journal of Oncology 53, no. 5 (2018): 2300-2308. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4547
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ngabire D, Seong Y, Patil M, Niyonizigiye I, Seo Y and Kim G: Induction of apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by Aster incisus in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 53: 2300-2308, 2018.
APA
Ngabire, D., Seong, Y., Patil, M., Niyonizigiye, I., Seo, Y., & Kim, G. (2018). Induction of apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by Aster incisus in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells. International Journal of Oncology, 53, 2300-2308. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4547
MLA
Ngabire, D., Seong, Y., Patil, M., Niyonizigiye, I., Seo, Y., Kim, G."Induction of apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by Aster incisus in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells". International Journal of Oncology 53.5 (2018): 2300-2308.
Chicago
Ngabire, D., Seong, Y., Patil, M., Niyonizigiye, I., Seo, Y., Kim, G."Induction of apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by Aster incisus in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells". International Journal of Oncology 53, no. 5 (2018): 2300-2308. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4547
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team