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Article

The oncometabolite d‑2‑hydroxyglutarate induces angiogenic activity through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Jiyoon Seok
    • Soo‑Hyun Yoon
    • Sun‑Hee Lee
    • Jong Hwa Jung
    • You Mie Lee
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: BK21 Plus KNU Multi‑Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 753-763
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    Published online on: November 27, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4649
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Abstract

The mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 (R132H) and IDH2 (R172K) and the induction of hypoxia in various solid tumors results in alterations in metabolic profiles, including the production of the d‑ or l‑forms of 2‑hydroxyglutarate (2HG) from α‑ketoglutarate in aerobic metabolism in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. However, it is unclear whether the oncometabolite d‑2HG increases angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the levels of various metabolites, including d‑2HG, under hypoxic conditions and in IDH2R172K mutant breast cancer cells by mass spectrometry. We then further evaluated the effects of this metabolite on angiogenesis in breast cancer cells. The results revealed that treatment with d‑2HG increased the levels of secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer cells and enhanced endothelial cell proliferation in a concentration‑dependent manner. Wound healing and cell migration (examined by Transwell assay) were significantly increased by d‑2HG to a level similar to that induced by VEGF. Tube formation was significantly stimulated by d‑2HG, and chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis was also enhanced by d‑2HG. d‑2HG activated VEGF receptor (VEGFR)2 and VEGFR2 downstream signaling, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2, focal adhesion kinase, AKT and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2. Taken together, the findings of this study suggested that d‑2HG induced angiogenic activity via VEGFR2 signaling and increased MMP2 activity.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Seok J, Yoon SH, Lee SH, Jung J and Lee Y: The oncometabolite d‑2‑hydroxyglutarate induces angiogenic activity through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 54: 753-763, 2019.
APA
Seok, J., Yoon, S., Lee, S., Jung, J., & Lee, Y. (2019). The oncometabolite d‑2‑hydroxyglutarate induces angiogenic activity through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway. International Journal of Oncology, 54, 753-763. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4649
MLA
Seok, J., Yoon, S., Lee, S., Jung, J., Lee, Y."The oncometabolite d‑2‑hydroxyglutarate induces angiogenic activity through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway". International Journal of Oncology 54.2 (2019): 753-763.
Chicago
Seok, J., Yoon, S., Lee, S., Jung, J., Lee, Y."The oncometabolite d‑2‑hydroxyglutarate induces angiogenic activity through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway". International Journal of Oncology 54, no. 2 (2019): 753-763. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4649
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Seok J, Yoon SH, Lee SH, Jung J and Lee Y: The oncometabolite d‑2‑hydroxyglutarate induces angiogenic activity through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 54: 753-763, 2019.
APA
Seok, J., Yoon, S., Lee, S., Jung, J., & Lee, Y. (2019). The oncometabolite d‑2‑hydroxyglutarate induces angiogenic activity through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway. International Journal of Oncology, 54, 753-763. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4649
MLA
Seok, J., Yoon, S., Lee, S., Jung, J., Lee, Y."The oncometabolite d‑2‑hydroxyglutarate induces angiogenic activity through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway". International Journal of Oncology 54.2 (2019): 753-763.
Chicago
Seok, J., Yoon, S., Lee, S., Jung, J., Lee, Y."The oncometabolite d‑2‑hydroxyglutarate induces angiogenic activity through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway". International Journal of Oncology 54, no. 2 (2019): 753-763. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4649
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