Lidocaine induces protective autophagy in rat C6 glioma cell line

Izdebska,Magdalena; Hałas-Wiśniewska,Marta; Zielińska,Wioletta; Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska,Anna; Grzanka,Dariusz; Gagat,Maciej

doi:10.3892/ijo.2018.4668

Lidocaine induces protective autophagy in rat C6 glioma cell line

Authors:
- Magdalena Izdebska
- Marta Hałas-Wiśniewska
- Wioletta Zielińska
- Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Dariusz Grzanka
- Maciej Gagat
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Affiliations: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Published online on: December 14, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4668
Pages: 1099-1111
Copyright: © Izdebska et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Malignant glioma is the most common type of brain cancer with poor prognosis. Surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the main therapeutic options; however, in addition to their insufficient efficacy, they are associated with the pain experienced by patients. To relieve pain, local anesthetics, such as lidocaine can be used. In the present study, the effects of lidocaine on the C6 rat glioma cell line were investigated. An MTT assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide analysis indicated the increase in the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells in response to lidocaine. Furthermore, light microscopy analysis on the ultrastructural level presented the occurrence of vacuole‑like structures associated with autophagy, which was supported by the analysis of autophagy markers (microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3, acridine orange and Beclin‑1). Additionally, reorganization of the cytoskeleton was observed following treatment with lidocaine, which serves an important role in the course of autophagy. To determine the nature of autophagy, an inhibitor, bafilomycin A1 was applied. This compound suppressed the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. These results demonstrated that lidocaine may induce cytoprotective autophagy and that manipulation of this process could be an alternative therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer.

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