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Article

Lysyl oxidase assists tumor‑initiating cells to enhance angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Min Yang
    • Jingtao Liu
    • Fei Wang
    • Zhihua Tian
    • Bo Ma
    • Zhongwu Li
    • Boqing Wang
    • Wei Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gerontology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 0853, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1398-1408
    |
    Published online on: January 31, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4705
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Abstract

A highly tumorigenic and malignant sub‑population of HCC containing tumor‑initiating cells (TICs) are defined by high self‑renewal and sphere formation ability. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) regulates various factors involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) maintenance, migration and angiogenesis. Certain reports have demonstrated the role of LOX in ECM crosslinking, however, the cancer‑promoting effects of LOX in HCC remain unclear, and whether LOX has a role in the regulation of angiogenesis in HCC TICs has not been elucidated. In the current study, RNA sequencing using next‑generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics analyses revealed that LOX gene expression was significantly upregulated in cell spheres. Sphere cells may form tumors with more vascular enrichment compared with tumors produced from adherent cells, as observed in a mouse xenograft model. LOX expression is correlated with increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet‑derived growth factor, as demonstrated by analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Conditioned media obtained from LOX‑overexpressing tumor cells stimulated angiogenesis via secreted VEGF and enhanced the tube formation capacity of endothelial cells. Furthermore, these functional behaviors were blocked by the LOX inhibitor β‑aminopropionitrile. These findings provide novel mechanistic insight into the pivotal role of LOX in the regulation of TICs in HCC. Combination of LOX inhibitor with sorafenib is a potentially advantageous strategy for HCC therapy.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang M, Liu J, Wang F, Tian Z, Ma B, Li Z, Wang B and Zhao W: Lysyl oxidase assists tumor‑initiating cells to enhance angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 54: 1398-1408, 2019.
APA
Yang, M., Liu, J., Wang, F., Tian, Z., Ma, B., Li, Z. ... Zhao, W. (2019). Lysyl oxidase assists tumor‑initiating cells to enhance angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. International Journal of Oncology, 54, 1398-1408. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4705
MLA
Yang, M., Liu, J., Wang, F., Tian, Z., Ma, B., Li, Z., Wang, B., Zhao, W."Lysyl oxidase assists tumor‑initiating cells to enhance angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 54.4 (2019): 1398-1408.
Chicago
Yang, M., Liu, J., Wang, F., Tian, Z., Ma, B., Li, Z., Wang, B., Zhao, W."Lysyl oxidase assists tumor‑initiating cells to enhance angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 54, no. 4 (2019): 1398-1408. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4705
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang M, Liu J, Wang F, Tian Z, Ma B, Li Z, Wang B and Zhao W: Lysyl oxidase assists tumor‑initiating cells to enhance angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 54: 1398-1408, 2019.
APA
Yang, M., Liu, J., Wang, F., Tian, Z., Ma, B., Li, Z. ... Zhao, W. (2019). Lysyl oxidase assists tumor‑initiating cells to enhance angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. International Journal of Oncology, 54, 1398-1408. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4705
MLA
Yang, M., Liu, J., Wang, F., Tian, Z., Ma, B., Li, Z., Wang, B., Zhao, W."Lysyl oxidase assists tumor‑initiating cells to enhance angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 54.4 (2019): 1398-1408.
Chicago
Yang, M., Liu, J., Wang, F., Tian, Z., Ma, B., Li, Z., Wang, B., Zhao, W."Lysyl oxidase assists tumor‑initiating cells to enhance angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 54, no. 4 (2019): 1398-1408. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4705
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