Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
July-2019 Volume 55 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2019 Volume 55 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Zheng‑Cai Jiang
    • Xiao‑Jun Chen
    • Qi Zhou
    • Xiao‑Hua Gong
    • Xiong Chen
    • Wen‑Jun Wu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Jiang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 21-34
    |
    Published online on: May 29, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4816
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Emerging studies have indicated that leucine‑rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is associated with thyroid cancer (TC). The present study investigated the effect of LRRK2 on the cell cycle and apoptosis in TC, and examined the underlying mechanisms in vitro. To screen TC‑associated differentially expressed genes, gene expression microarray analysis was conducted. Retrieval of pathways associated with TC from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database indicated that the c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway serves an essential role in TC. SW579, IHH‑4, TFC‑133, TPC‑1 and Nthy‑ori3‑1 cell lines were used to screen cell lines with the highest and lowest LRRK2 expression for subsequent experiments. The two selected cell lines were transfected with pcDNA‑LRRK2, or small interfering RNA against LRRK2 or SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor). Subsequently, flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP‑biotin nick end labeling, a 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine assay and a scratch test was conducted to detect the cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, proliferation and migration, respectively, in each group. The LRRK2 gene was determined to be elevated in TC based on the microarray data of the GSE3678 dataset. The SW579 cell line was identified to exhibit the highest LRRK2 expression, while IHH‑4 cells exhibited the lowest LRRK2 expression. LRRK2 silencing, through inhibiting the activation of the JNK signaling pathway, increased the expression levels of genes and proteins associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in TC cells, promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited cell migration and proliferation in TC cells, indicating that LRRK2 repression could exert beneficial effects through the JNK signaling pathway on TC cells. These observations demonstrate that LRRK2 silencing promotes TC cell growth inhibition, and facilitates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The JNK signaling pathway may serve a crucial role in mediating the anti‑carcinogenic activities of downregulated LRRK2 in TC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

View References

1 

Lun Y, Wu X, Xia Q, Han Y, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang F, Duan Z, Xin S and Zhang J: Hashimoto's thyroiditis as a risk factor of papillary thyroid cancer may improve cancer prognosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 148:396–402. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Nikiforov YE and Nikiforova MN: Molecular genetics and diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 7:569–580. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Xing M: Molecular pathogenesis and mechanisms of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 13:184–199. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Nikiforov YE: Is ionizing radiation responsible for the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer? Cancer. 116:1626–1628. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Leux C, Truong T, Petit C, Baron-Dubourdieu D and Guénel P: Family history of malignant and benign thyroid diseases and risk of thyroid cancer: A population-based case-control study in New Caledonia. Cancer Causes Control. 23:745–755. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Brindel P, Doyon F, Bourgain C, Rachédi F, Boissin JL, Sebbag J, Shan L, Bost-Bezeaud F, Petitdidier P, Paoaafaite J, et al: Family history of thyroid cancer and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in French polynesia. Thyroid. 20:393–400. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Pellegriti G, Frasca F, Regalbuto C, Squatrito S and Vigneri R: Worldwide increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: Update on epidemiology and risk factors. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2013:9652122013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, Zhang S, Zeng H, Bray F, Jemal A, Yu XQ and He J: Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:115–132. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Davies L and Welch HG: Current thyroid cancer trends in the United States. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 140:317–322. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Nexø MA, Watt T, Cleal B, Hegedüs L, Bonnema SJ, Rasmussen AK, Feldt-Rasmussen U and Bjorner JB: Exploring the experiences of people with hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Qual Health Res. 25:945–953. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Rowe CW, Bendinelli C and McGrath S: Charting a course through the CEAs: Diagnosis and management of medullary thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 85:340–343. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Lubitz CC and Sosa JA: The changing landscape of papillary thyroid cancer: Epidemiology, management, and the implications for patients. Cancer. 122:3754–3759. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Al-Humadi H, Zarros A, Al-Saigh R and Liapi C: Genetic basis and gene therapy trials for thyroid cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 7:31–49. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Nikonova EV, Xiong Y, Tanis KQ, Dawson VL, Vogel RL, Finney EM, Stone DJ, Reynolds IJ, Kern JT and Dawson TM: Transcriptional responses to loss or gain of function of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene uncover biological processes modulated by LRRK2 activity. Hum Mol Genet. 21. pp. 163–174. 2012, View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Kubo M, Kamiya Y, Nagashima R, Maekawa T, Eshima K, Azuma S, Ohta E and Obata F: LRRK2 is expressed in B-2 but not in B-1 B cells, and downregulated by cellular activation. J Neuroimmunol. 229:123–128. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Maekawa T, Mori S, Sasaki Y, Miyajima T, Azuma S, Ohta E and Obata F: The I2020T Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 transgenic mouse exhibits impaired locomotive ability accompanied by dopaminergic neuron abnormalities. Mol Neurodegener. 7:152012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Piccoli G, Condliffe SB, Bauer M, Giesert F, Boldt K, De Astis S, Meixner A, Sarioglu H, Vogt-Weisenhorn DM, Wurst W, et al: LRRK2 controls synaptic vesicle storage and mobilization within the recycling pool. J Neurosci. 31:2225–2237. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Zechel S, Meinhardt A, Unsicker K and von Bohlen Und Halbach O: Expression of leucine-rich-repeat-kinase 2 (LRRK2) during embryonic development. Int J Dev Neurosci. 28:391–399. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Looyenga BD, Furge KA, Dykema KJ, Koeman J, Swiatek PJ, Giordano TJ, West AB, Resau JH, Teh BT and MacKeigan JP: Chromosomal amplification of leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) is required for oncogenic MET signaling in papillary renal and thyroid carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:1439–1444. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Wang LL, Huang H, Zhang CR, Xia J, Liu SS and Wang XW: Cloning and functional characterization of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase from the Mediterranean species of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex. Int J Mol Sci. 14:13433–13446. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Xu B, Yang H, Sun M, Chen H, Jiang L, Zheng X, Ding G, Liu Y, Sheng Y, Cui D, et al: 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl induces inflammatory responses in the thyroid through JNK and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathway. Toxicol Sci. 149:300–311. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Shang J, Ding Q, Yuan S, Liu JX, Li F and Zhang H: Network analyses of integrated differentially expressed genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma to identify characteristic genes. Genes (Basel). 10. pp. E452019, View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Szklarczyk D, Morris JH, Cook H, Kuhn M, Wyder S, Simonovic M, Santos A, Doncheva NT, Roth A, Bork P, et al: The STRING database in 2017: Quality-controlled protein-protein association networks, made broadly accessible. Nucleic Acids Res. 45(D1): D362–D368. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Piñero J, Bravo À, Queralt-Rosinach N, Gutiérrez-Sacristán A, Deu-Pons J, Centeno E, García-García J, Sanz F and Furlong LI; DisGeNET: A comprehensive platform integrating information on human disease-associated genes and variants. Nucleic Acids Res. 45(D1): D833–D839. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Piñero J, Queralt-Rosinach N, Bravo À, Deu-Pons J, Bauer-Mehren A, Baron M, Sanz F and Furlong LI; DisGeNET: A discovery platform for the dynamical exploration of human diseases and their genes. Database (Oxford). 2015. pp. bav0282015, View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-∆ ∆ C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Santos LS, Branco SC, Silva SN, Azevedo AP, Gil OM, Manita I, Ferreira TC, Limbert E, Rueff J and Gaspar JF: Polymorphisms in base excision repair genes and thyroid cancer risk. Oncol Rep. 28:1859–1868. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Stjepanovic N and Capdevila J: Multikinase inhibitors in the treatment of thyroid cancer: Specific role of lenvatinib. Biologics. 8:129–139. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Maekawa T, Kubo M, Yokoyama I, Ohta E and Obata F: Age-dependent and cell-population-restricted LRRK2 expression in normal mouse spleen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 392:431–435. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Sabapathy K: Role of the JNK pathway in human diseases. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 106:145–169. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Dou J, Li X, Cai Y, Chen H, Zhu S, Wang Q, Zou X, Mei Y, Yang Q, Li W, et al: Human cytomegalovirus induces caspase-dependent apoptosis of megakaryocytic CHRF-288-11 cells by activating the JNK pathway. Int J Hematol. 91:620–629. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Wang X, Chao L, Li X, Ma G, Chen L, Zang Y and Zhou G: Elevated expression of phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in basal-like and 'triple-negative' breast cancers. Hum Pathol. 41:401–406. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Trancikova A, Mamais A, Webber PJ, Stafa K, Tsika E, Glauser L, West AB, Bandopadhyay R and Moore DJ: Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in the mammalian brain is not altered by LRRK2 expression or pathogenic mutations. PLoS One. 7:e477842012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kwon SH, Kim JA, Hong SI, Jung YH, Kim HC, Lee SY and Jang CG: Loganin protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK 1/2 MAPKs in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurochem Int. 58:533–541. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kim MK, Choi HS, Cho SG, Shin YC and Ko SG: Rubus coreanus Miquel extract causes apoptosis of doxorubicin-resistant NCI/ADR-RES ovarian cancer cells via JNK phosphorylation. Mol Med Rep. 13:4065–4072. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Wang L, Tian Z, Yang Q, Li H, Guan H, Shi B, Hou P and Ji M: Sulforaphane inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth and invasiveness through the reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Oncotarget. 6:25917–25931. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Guan H, Liang W, Liu J, Wei G, Li H, Xiu L, Xiao H and Li Y: Transmembrane protease serine 4 promotes thyroid cancer proliferation via CREB phosphorylation. Thyroid. 25:85–94. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

38 

Lu Y, Wei C and Xi Z: Curcumin suppresses proliferation and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer by modulation of MTA1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 50:840–850. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Sui C, Zhuang C, Sun D, Yang L, Zhang L and Song L: Notch1 regulates the JNK signaling pathway and increases apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget. 8:45837–45847. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Husdal A, Bukholm G and Bukholm IR: The prognostic value and overexpression of cyclin A is correlated with gene amplification of both cyclin A and cyclin E in breast cancer patient. Cell Oncol. 28:107–116. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Romagosa C, Simonetti S, López-Vicente L, Mazo A, Lleonart ME, Castellvi J and Ramon y Cajal S: p16(Ink4a) over-expression in cancer: A tumor suppressor gene associated with senescence and high-grade tumors. Oncogene. 30:2087–2097. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Li Y, Shen L, Xu H, Pang Y, Xu Y, Ling M, Zhou J, Wang X and Liu Q: Up-regulation of cyclin D1 by JNK1/c-Jun is involved in tumorigenesis of human embryo lung fibroblast cells induced by a low concentration of arsenite. Toxicol Lett. 206:113–120. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Poomsawat S, Buajeeb W, Khovidhunkit SO and Punyasingh J: Alteration in the expression of cdk4 and cdk6 proteins in oral cancer and premalignant lesions. J Oral Pathol Med. 39:793–799. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Schapansky J, Nardozzi JD and LaVoie MJ: The complex relationships between microglia, alpha-synuclein, and LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience. 302:74–88. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Berwick DC and Harvey K: LRRK2 signaling pathways: The key to unlocking neurodegeneration? Trends Cell Biol. 21:257–265. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Chen CY, Weng YH, Chien KY, Lin KJ, Yeh TH, Cheng YP, Lu CS and Wang HL: (G2019S) LRRK2 activates MKK4-JNK pathway and causes degeneration of SN dopaminergic neurons in a transgenic mouse model of PD. Cell Death Differ. 19:1623–1633. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Luerman GC, Nguyen C, Samaroo H, Loos P, Xi H, Hurtado-Lorenzo A, Needle E, Stephen Noell G, Galatsis P, Dunlop J, et al: Phosphoproteomic evaluation of pharmacological inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 reveals significant off-target effects of LRRK-2-IN-1. J Neurochem. 128:561–576. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Moehle MS, Webber PJ, Tse T, Sukar N, Standaert DG, DeSilva TM, Cowell RM and West AB: LRRK2 inhibition attenuates microglial inflammatory responses. J Neurosci. 32:1602–1611. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Prabhudesai S, Bensabeur FZ, Abdullah R, Basak I, Baez S, Alves G, Holtzman NG, Larsen JP and Møller SG: LRRK2 knockdown in zebrafish causes developmental defects, neuronal loss, and synuclein aggregation. J Neurosci Res. 94:717–735. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Xu P, Xia X, Yang Z, Tian Y, Di J and Guo M: Silencing of TCTN1 inhibits proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human thyroid cancer. Exp Ther Med. 14:3720–3726. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang ZC, Chen XJ, Zhou Q, Gong XH, Chen X and Wu WJ: Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 55: 21-34, 2019.
APA
Jiang, Z., Chen, X., Zhou, Q., Gong, X., Chen, X., & Wu, W. (2019). Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway. International Journal of Oncology, 55, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4816
MLA
Jiang, Z., Chen, X., Zhou, Q., Gong, X., Chen, X., Wu, W."Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway". International Journal of Oncology 55.1 (2019): 21-34.
Chicago
Jiang, Z., Chen, X., Zhou, Q., Gong, X., Chen, X., Wu, W."Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway". International Journal of Oncology 55, no. 1 (2019): 21-34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4816
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang ZC, Chen XJ, Zhou Q, Gong XH, Chen X and Wu WJ: Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 55: 21-34, 2019.
APA
Jiang, Z., Chen, X., Zhou, Q., Gong, X., Chen, X., & Wu, W. (2019). Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway. International Journal of Oncology, 55, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4816
MLA
Jiang, Z., Chen, X., Zhou, Q., Gong, X., Chen, X., Wu, W."Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway". International Journal of Oncology 55.1 (2019): 21-34.
Chicago
Jiang, Z., Chen, X., Zhou, Q., Gong, X., Chen, X., Wu, W."Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway". International Journal of Oncology 55, no. 1 (2019): 21-34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4816
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team