PET/CT and PET/MRI in ophthalmic oncology (Review)

Kalemaki,Maria S.; Karantanas,Apostolos H.; Exarchos,Dimitris; Detorakis,Efstathios T.; Zoras,Odysseas; Marias,Kostas; Millo,Corina; Bagci,Ulas; Pallikaris,Ioannis; Stratis,Andreas; Karatzanis,Ioannis; Perisinakis,Kostas; Koutentakis,Pavlos; Kontadakis,Georgios A.; Spandidos,Demetrios A.; Tsatsakis,Aristidis; Papadakis,Georgios Z.

doi:10.3892/ijo.2020.4955

PET/CT and PET/MRI in ophthalmic oncology (Review)

Authors:
- Maria S. Kalemaki
- Apostolos H. Karantanas
- Dimitris Exarchos
- Efstathios T. Detorakis
- Odysseas Zoras
- Kostas Marias
- Corina Millo
- Ulas Bagci
- Ioannis Pallikaris
- Andreas Stratis
- Ioannis Karatzanis
- Kostas Perisinakis
- Pavlos Koutentakis
- Georgios A. Kontadakis
- Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Georgios Z. Papadakis
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Affiliations: Department of Ophthalmology, Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion, Greece, Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Department of CT‑MRI and PET/CT, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), 70013 Heraklion, Greece, Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center (CC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Center for Research in Computer Vision (CRCV), University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32816, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), 70013 Heraklion, Greece, Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
Published online on: January 3, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.4955
Pages: 417-429
Copyright: © Kalemaki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Orbital and ocular anatomy is quite complex, consisting of several tissues, which can give rise to both benign and malignant tumors, while several primary neoplasms can metastasize to the orbital and ocular space. Early detection, accurate staging and re‑staging, efficient monitoring of treatment response, non‑invasive differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, and accurate planning of external radiation treatment, are of utmost importance for the optimal and individualized management of ophthalmic oncology patients. Addressing these challenges requires the employment of several diagnostic imaging techniques, such as high‑definition digital fundus photography, ultrasound imaging, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography (OCT)‑angiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In recent years, technological advances have enabled the development of hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and PET/MRI systems, setting new standards in cancer diagnosis and treatment. The capability of simultaneously targeting several cancer‑related biochemical procedures using positron emitting‑radiopharmaceuticals, while morphologically characterizing lesions by CT or MRI, together with the intrinsic quantitative capabilities of PET‑imaging, provide incremental diagnostic information, enabling accurate, highly efficient and personalized treatment strategies. Aim of the current review is to discuss the current applications of hybrid PET/CT and PET/MRI imaging in the management of patients presenting with the most commonly encountered orbital and ocular tumors.

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